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1.
Rob NM Weijers 《World journal of diabetes》2020,11(5):165-181
ResearchGate is a world wide web for scientists and researchers to share papers, ask and answer questions, and find collaborators. As one of the more than 15 million members, the author uploads research output and reads and responds to some of the questions raised, which are related to type 2 diabetes. In that way, he noticed a serious gap of knowledge of this disease among medical professionals over recent decades. The main aim of the current study is to remedy this situation through providing a comprehensive review on recent developments in biochemistry and molecular biology, which can be helpful for the scientific understanding of the molecular nature of type 2 diabetes. To fill up the shortcomings in the curricula of medical education, and to familiarize the medical community with a new concept of the onset of type 2 diabetes, items are discussed like: Insulin resistance, glucose effectiveness, insulin sensitivity, cell membranes, membrane flexibility, unsaturation index (UI; number of carbon-carbon double bonds per 100 acyl chains of membrane phospholipids), slow-down principle, effects of temperature acclimation on phospholipid membrane composition, free fatty acids, energy transport, onset of type 2 diabetes, metformin, and exercise. Based on the reviewed data, a new model is presented with proposed steps in the development of type 2 diabetes, a disease arising as a result of a hypothetical hereditary anomaly, which causes hyperthermia in and around the mitochondria. Hyperthermia is counterbalanced by the slow-down principle, which lowers the amount of carbon-carbon double bonds of membrane phospholipid acyl chains. The accompanying reduction in the UI lowers membrane flexibility, promotes a redistribution of the lateral pressure in cell membranes, and thereby reduces the glucose transporter protein pore diameter of the transmembrane glucose transport channel of all Class I GLUT proteins. These events will set up a reduction in transmembrane glucose transport. So, a new blood glucose regulation system, effective in type 2 diabetes and its prediabetic phase, is based on variations in the acyl composition of phospholipids and operates independent of changes in insulin and glucose concentration. UI assessment is currently arising as a promising analytical technology for a membrane flexibility analysis. An increase in mitochondrial heat production plays a pivotal role in the existence of this regulation system. 相似文献
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Neal G Palmer James R Yacyshyn Herbert C Northcott Brian Nebbe Paul W Major 《American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics》2005,128(2):163-167
INTRODUCTION: To plan for future acceptance and implementation of computer-related technology, it is necessary to understand orthodontists' current perceptions and attitudes toward emerging technologies. METHODS: An anonymous, self-administered, mail-out survey of Canadian orthodontists was conducted. The response rate was 45.6% (304/667). RESULTS: Most orthodontists indicated that computer technology could improve current practice efficiency and quality of patient care. Only 15% reported that digital models are quite or very useful; 73.6%, 69.1%, 55%, and 37.4% agreed or strongly agreed with using digital and electronic technology to consult with other dental specialists, other orthodontists, general dentists, and the public, respectively. Cost of the technology was reported as a significant or insurmountable obstacle by 54% of the respondents. Interprovincial legislation, unclear consultation remuneration guidelines, and lack of comfort with the technology were not perceived as significant obstacles. Only 36% reported security or privacy issues as a significant or insurmountable obstacle. CONCLUSIONS: Canadian orthodontists seem to view digital and electronic technology as useful and capable of improving their offices' efficiency and production. Although they are sensitive to some potential obstacles, they are willing to overcome these and incorporate the technology into their practices. 相似文献
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L. Ostrosky-Zeichner C. Sable J. Sobel B. D. Alexander G. Donowitz V. Kan C. A. Kauffman D. Kett R. A. Larsen V. Morrison M. Nucci P. G. Pappas M. E. Bradley S. Major L. Zimmer D. Wallace W. E. Dismukes J. H. Rex 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2007,26(4):271-276
The study presented here was performed in order to create a rule that identifies subjects at high risk for invasive candidiasis
in the intensive care setting. Retrospective review and statistical modelling were carried out on 2,890 patients who stayed
at least 4 days in nine hospitals in the USA and Brazil; the overall incidence of invasive candidiasis in this group was 3%
(88 cases). The best performing rule was as follows: Any systemic antibiotic (days 1–3) OR presence of a central venous catheter
(days 1–3) AND at least TWO of the following—total parenteral nutrition (days 1–3), any dialysis (days 1–3), any major surgery
(days −7–0), pancreatitis (days −7–0), any use of steroids (days −7–3), or use of other immunosuppressive agents (days −7–0).
The rate of invasive candidiasis among patients meeting the rule was 9.9%, capturing 34% of cases in the units, with the following
performance: relative risk 4.36, sensitivity 0.34, specificity 0.90, positive predictive value 0.01, and negative predictive
value 0.97. The rule may identify patients at high risk of invasive candidiasis.
Results of this project were partially presented at Focus on Fungal Infections 14, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2004. Abstract no.
51. 相似文献
8.
István Pintér János Mátyus Zoltán Czégány Judit Harsányi Marietta Homoki Miklós Kassai Eva Kiss István Kiss Erzsébet Ladányi Lajos Locsey Lajos Major Mihály Misz Lajos Nagy Kálmán Polner Jeno Rédl István Solt Béla Tichy Marietta T?r?k Gábor Varga Gyula Wagner Imre Wórum Béla Zsoldos László Pótó Katalin Dérczy István Wittmann Judit Nagy 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2004,19(4):840-843
BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of analgesic nephropathy has improved significantly with modern imaging techniques. We reviewed a large portion of the Hungarian dialysis population to obtain additional insight into the problem. METHODS: Twenty-two participating dialysis units enrolled 1400 patients on renal replacement therapy between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 1998. Patients with no known aetiology (n = 284) were interviewed and studied with renal imaging. We assessed the presence of decreased renal mass combined with either bumpy contours, papillary calcification, or both. The subjects studied were interrogated extensively. RESULTS: Our survey suggested analgesic nephropathy in 47 of 1400 patients (3.3%), 3-fold higher than the EDTA database estimate for Hungary. The analgesics most commonly abused were phenacetin-containing mixtures. The driving symptoms were mainly headache and joint pain. Cardiovascular complications were more common than in the rest of the dialysis population, independent of smoking and lipid values (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Phenacetin should be banned. Our study results support the need for longitudinal cohort and case-control studies in Hungary. 相似文献
9.
Jenö Julow MD Árpád Viola Tibor Major István Valálik Sarolta Sági László Mangel Beáta R. Kovács Imre Repa Gábor Bajzik Takácsi N. Zoltán György Németh 《Strahlentherapie und Onkologie》2004,180(7):449-454
PURPOSE: To report on iodine-125 ((125)I) interstitial irradiation in the treatment of brain stem tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patients with brain stem tumors were treated with CT- and image fusion-guided (125)I stereotactic brachytherapy. RESULTS: By March 2003, the patients had been followed up for 47 and 13 months, respectively. In case 1, the tumor volume was 1.98 cm(3) on the control CT, indicating a 65.5% shrinkage as compared to a target volume of 5.73 cm3 at the time of brachytherapy. In case 2, shrinkage was more distinct. After irradiation, the cyst volume was 0.16 cm(3) on the control MRI, indicating a 97.4% shrinkage as compared to a target volume of 6.05 cm(3) at the time of brachytherapy, i. e., the metastasis had virtually disappeared. CONCLUSION: CT- and image fusion-guided (125)I stereotactic brachytherapy can be performed during the biopsy session. The procedure can be well planned dosimetrically and is surgically precise. 相似文献
10.
To investigate whether the secular trend for growth in Dutch children still exists, the Oosterwolde I study of 1980 was repeated in 1989. A persisting secular trend was visible for height while the z scores of body proportions show no change during the past 10 years, which suggests that there is no change in the timing of puberty. 相似文献