Tandem pore TWIK-related potassium channels and neuroprotection

TWIK-related potassium channels(TREK) belong to a subfamily of the two-pore domain potassium channels family with three members, TREK1, TREK2 and TWIK-related arachidonic acid-activated potassium channels. The two-pore domain potassium channels is the last big family of channels being discovered, therefore it is not surprising that most of the information we know about TREK channels predominantly comes from the study of heterologously expressed channels. Notwithstanding, in this review we pay special attention to the limited amount of information available on native TREK-like channels and real neurons in relation to neuroprotection. Mainly we focus on the role of free fatty acids, lysophospholipids and other neuroprotective agents like riluzole in the modulation of TREK channels, emphasizing on how important this modulation may be for the development of new therapies against neuropathic pain, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, ischemia and cardiac complications.     

Therapeutic Effect of Dimethyl Dimethoxy Biphenyl Dicarboxylate on Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats

Objective:To study the effect of oral administration of dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate(DDB) on adjusting angiogeneic/inflammatory mediators and ameliorating the pathology of bones in rats with collagen-induced arthritis(CIA).Methods:Wistar rat model of CIA was set up using bovine collagen type Ⅱ.Fifty rats were divided into five groups randomly:normal,CIA model,DDB treatment,methotrexate(MTX) treatment,and combined DDB+MTX treatment.Ankle joints of rats were imaged with digital X-ray machine to show the destruction of joints.Fore and hind paw and knee joints were removed above the ankle joint then processed for haematoxylin and eosin staining.Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),platelet derived growth factor,interleukin-8(IL-8),IL-4,tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Nitric oxide levels were detected by Griess reagent.Results:Compared with the CIA model group,a remarkable reduction in various angiogenic(VEGF and IL-8) and inflammatory mediators(TNF-α,IL-4 and COX-2) after treatment with DDB either alone or combined with MTX(P0.05 or P0.01).Histopathological and X-ray findings were confirmatory to the observed DDB anti-arthritic effect.The DDB-treated group showed amelioration in signs of arthritis which appeared essentially similar to normal.Conclusion:Our data shed light on the therapeutic efficacy of DDB in experimental rheumatoid arthritis(RA) compared with a choice drug(MTX) and it may be offered as a second-line drug in the treatment of RA.     

幼鼠内耳单个器官培养步骤及分类方法

内耳离体培养在研究内耳细胞功能、内耳组织发育再生、细胞损伤退化等方面具有重要价值。但由于内耳的组织结构微小复杂,其取材和培养具有较大难度,使该技术的普及和应用受到一定限制。本文在简要点评不同内耳离体培养方法优劣的基础上,结合本实验室多年来积累的实践经验,详细介绍了新生大鼠各个内耳终器取材及培养的具体步骤。从解剖迷路到分离终器,从凝胶制备到标本铺放,都有详细的操作指南,本文还针对各环节中的技术动作和关键事项进行了具体探讨并配以指导图例,希望这些内容能够弥补以往文献中抽象简略的条款式步骤所造成的实验困难,为开展内耳器官培养研究的初学者提供一定的帮助。     

Short History of Interventional Neuroradiology What about the Future？

1 Short historical background of interventional neuroradiology Even if a number of us were among the pioneers of Interventional Neuroradiology, this specialty has now reached its period of maturity. Schematically, the era of the pioneers began forty years ago and lasted about 15 years, between 1960 and 1975. During that period, on the initiative of Fedor Serbinenko （Russia） and Ren6 Djindjian （France）, ＂intracerebral navigation ＂ using small balloons, which became gradually ＂detachable＂, has been invented. At the same time, we discovered how to use these balloons to occlude intracranial vascular lesions, inaccessible or hardly accessible to traditional open skull neurosurgery, for example, carotid cavernous fistulas. Very rapidly, a lot of different embolic particles were successively tested, ranging at first from pieces of muscle, to small glass or silastic beads, gelfoam and dura mater pieces... During this period, parallel progress of hyperselective catheterization and consequently of microangiography allowed to establish new classifications of main vascular pathologies （distinction between brain arteriovenous malformations and dural fistulas ... ）. These new classifications allowed a better understanding of physiopathology. This first period was thus primarily devoted to development of very precise diagnosis and techniques of hyperselective endovascular occlusion.     

眼球运动核综合征患者发生海绵状血管瘤报道1例

前言:眼神经的眼运动核综合征首次报道于1981年,其特征是同侧的第Ⅲ脑神经麻痹和对侧眼的高度麻痹。病例报道:1例59岁的男性患者突发复视与头痛。神经系统检查表明:左侧第Ⅲ脑神经存在核性眼肌麻痹,同时无任何其它神经检查的异常。M RI检查发现了1处典型的、爆米花样、平滑的左     

APOE e4与外伤性脑损伤脑血管病理的相关性

背景:在以前的研究中发现载脂蛋白E基因e4等位基因(APOE e4)与脑外伤后的不良预后有关,但尚未将之与特异性的病理学特征联系起来。目的:本研究旨在证实占脑外伤总数1/3的伴有APO E e4的脑外伤患者,选择性地与1种或多种脑外伤(TBI)所致的不同病理特征相关,这也是A POE e4与不良临床预后相关的基础。方法:239例致命性脑外伤病例(1987—1999年)纳入本研究,根据病理标本检测确定患者的APOE e4特征,对于每例患者而言,由不清楚其APO E e4特征的研究者记录外伤的特异病理特征。在239例受检的患者中83例(35%)为A POE e4携带者,156例(65%…     

Transplantation of an eight-organ multivisceraI graft in a patient with frozen abdomen after complicated Crohn's disease

To report an extended multivisceral transplantation (MVTx) including right kidney and ascending colon in a patient with complicated Crohn's disease (CD). A 36-year old female suffering from short bowel syndrome and frozen abdomen due to fistulizing CD after multiple abdominal operations underwent MVTx of eight organs including stomach, pancreatoduodenal complex, liver, intestine, ascending colon, right kidney, right adrenal gland, and greater omentum in November 2003. Immunosuppression consisted of alemtuzumab, tacrolimus and steroids. The patient was off parenteral nutrition by postoperative wk 3. She experienced one episode of pneumonia. The patient recovered completely and discharged 2.5 mo and was doing well 30 mo after MVTx. This is one of the very rare cases in which a complete mulitivisceral graft of eight abdominal organs was transplanted orthotopically.     

1996—2001年在家实施胃肠外营养的调查研究

目的:自1970年以来,丹麦就开始对肠衰竭患者推行在家实施胃肠外营养(H PN)。该研究设计为一个数据来源可靠的系列化队列研究,回顾性调查了1996—2000年底丹麦全国的H PN患者资料,包括发病率、患病率、患者特征和H PN治疗的并发症等。材料与方法:选取接受H PN治疗的患者202例(女性115例,男性87例),其中34%为炎症性肠病导致的短肠综合征,26%为癌症患者,22%为外科手术并发症,19%为其他原因,共使用410(导管·年)。结果:截止2000年底,全丹麦H PN流行率为19.2/106人,平均发生率为5.0/106(人·年),与导管相关的菌血症和血栓发生率分别为0.48/…     

10对联体双胎分离术后的远期结果

背景／目的：从1978-2000年，有10对联体双胞胎成功接受了手术分离，结果14人存活。其中6对是因为他们的联体同胞死亡或濒临死亡而接受紧急分离手术。剩余的4对，每对至少一个同胞接受至少一次的急诊手术后，才接受联体分离手术。方法：对这一独特的队列进行包含6个项目的问卷调查。问题的设计是开放式的，为父母／家庭提供有关信息的最大机会。对每个家庭就相同的问题也进行了当面的问卷调查。医师询问了与身体健康和疾病相关的一些问题。而社会工作询问了与发育、教育、社会心理和家庭功能相关的问题。结果：前面提及的14人存活的双胞胎中，4人大学毕业，1人于1981年完成中学学业，剩余9人正在上学。14人在最初的手术后，还需要接受再次手术，尤其是需要矫正泌尿系统、畸形、神经外科和小儿外科的问题。结论：通过超声检查对联体双胎进行宫内诊断，可以使医师和胎儿父母在孕早期决定在终止妊娠时是进行双胎分离还是保全其中一个。这些病例报道通过描述14例手术存活的长期体格检查和心理学检查结果，为医师和父母在关键时刻做出决定提供了另外有助的依据。     

伴Leiden V因子突变和狼疮抗凝物的恶性萎缩性丘疹病（Degos病）死亡1例

恶性萎缩性丘疹病（Degos病）是一类非常罕见的疾病，其皮损特点是萎缩性丘疹和多种系统症状。作者描述了1例33岁的男性患者，其表现为泛发性皮损，与恶性萎缩性丘疹病的体征一致。患者病程中甚至发生阴茎溃疡，此症状以往仅有少数报道。患者发病2．5年后死于小肠复穿孔。实验室检查显示Leide nV因子突变和狼疮抗凝物的出现，但未发现抗心肌磷脂抗体。患者先后接受了窄波紫外线（UV）、强的松龙和阿司匹林、己酮可可碱、华法林的治疗。尽管接受了这种强抗凝血和抗血小板治疗，患者皮损和系统症状仍未得到改善。