西藏民族大学新生血尿酸水平及高尿酸血症相关因素分析

目的了解西藏民族大学入学新生的血尿酸(SUA)水平和高尿酸血症(HUA)的影响因素。方法于2018-09对西藏民族大学2018级1996名16~24岁汉、藏族新生进行体格检查及SUA等血液生化指标检测。结果2018年入学新生中,汉族学生HUA检出率为20.34%,藏族学生为16.76%,汉族HUA检出率高于藏族(P<0.05);汉、藏族SUA水平及两民族女性SUA水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但汉族男性SUA水平(393.09±81.94)μmol/L高于藏族男性的(380.88±71.31)μmol/L(P<0.05)。HUA组中汉族学生超重肥胖、HBP检出率高于藏族,藏族学生高血红蛋白检出率高于汉族(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示汉族学生HUA发生的危险因素有男性(OR=2.036,95%CI:1.420~2.918)、超重肥胖(OR=2.784,95%CI:1.840~4.212)、高血脂(OR=2.721,95%CI:1.552~4.770)、肝功能异常(OR=1.924,95%CI:1.075~3.441)及高血压(OR=2.184,95%CI:1.115~4.277),均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。藏族学生HUA发生的危险因素有男性(OR=3.168,95%CI:2.225~4.510)、超重肥胖(OR=2.846,95%CI:1.739~4.656)、高血脂(OR=2.240,95%CI:1.157~4.339)、肝功能异常(OR=1.887,95%CI:1.125~3.165)、肾功能异常(OR=3.201,95%CI:1.162~8.822)及高血红蛋白(OR=2.814,95%CI:1.428~5.544),均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论汉族学生HUA检出率明显高于藏族学生,HUA与性别、BMI、血压、血脂、血糖、血红蛋白及肝、肾功能异常密切相关,汉、藏族分别有其突出的危险因素。     

Genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in the lhoba population of southwest China

Background: It is well-established that differences among ethnic groups in drug responses are primarily due to the genetic diversity of pharmacogenes. A number of genes or variants that play a crucial role in drug responses have been designated Very Important Pharmacogenes (VIP) by the PharmGKB database. Clarifying the polymorphic distribution of VIPs in different ethnic groups will aid in personalized medicine for specific populations. Methods: We sequenced 85 VIP variants in the Lhoba population based on the PharmGKB database. The polymorphic distribution of the 85 VIP variants in 100 Lhoba subjects was determined and compared with that of 11 major HapMap populations, including ASW, CEU, CHB, CHD, GIH, JPT, LWK, MEX, MKK, TSI, and YRI. We used χ² tests to identify significantly different loci between these populations. We downloaded SNP allele frequencies from the ALlele FREquency Database to observe the global genetic variation distribution for these specific loci. And then we used Structure software to perform the genetic structure analysis of 12 populations. Results: Based on comparisons of selected available loci, we found that 23, 28, 16, 10, 20, 16, 24, 19, 22, 21 and 36 of the selected VIP variant genotype frequencies in the Lhoba population differed from those of the ASW, CEU, CHB, CHD, GIH, JPT, LWK, MEX, MKK, TSI, and YRI populations, respectively. In addition, Pairwise FST values and clustering analyses also showed the VIP variants in Lhoba exhibited a close genetic affinity with CHD, CHB and JPT populations. Conclusion: Our results complement pharmacogenomic data on the Lhoba ethnic group and may be helpful in the diagnosis of certain diseases in minorities.     

颈动脉斑块超声造影与循环血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比 变化的相关性研究

摘 要 目的 探讨超声造影半定量评估颈动脉斑块内新生血管与循环血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比（NLR）的相关性。 方法 选取行颈动脉斑块超声造影检查的受试者132例,依据超声造影半定量评估斑块内新生血管的分级进行分组：1~2级60例（A组）、3级44例（B组）和4级28例（C组）。同时获取三组受试者循环血白细胞计数（WBC）、中性细胞计数（NE）、淋巴细胞计数（LY）及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比（NLR）。采用Spearman相关分析斑块超声造影分级与循环血中白细胞各亚型的相关性;Logistic回归进一步分析影响斑块内新生血管的独立危险因素。 结果 三组中脑梗死患者构成比在C组最高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A、B、C组间WBC和NE依次增高,而LY依次减低,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）;NLR在A组最小,在C组最大,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）。斑块内新生血管分级与循环血中WBC、NE和NLR呈正相关（r=0.30、0.59和0.77,P均＜0.01）,与LY呈负相关（r=-0.50,P＜0.01）。Logistic回归分析提示NLR是斑块内新生血管的独立危险因素,且循环血中NLR每增加1.08,斑块内新生血管分级增加一级。 结论 循环血中NLR与斑块内新生血管密切相关,是其独立危险因素;NLR每增加1.08,斑块内新生血管分级增加一级。     

A study on the preparation of polycation gel polymer electrolyte for supercapacitors

The polycation gel polymer electrolyte (PGPE) is a promising electrolyte material for supercapacitors due to its high ionic conductivity and great flexibility. Herein, we report a novel flexible PGPE film, which is prepared by thermal copolymerization. The superiority of PGPE is attributed to the existence of charged groups in the polymer skeleton. Consequently, the crystallinity of the polymer is effectively reduced, and the migration of the lithium ion is evidently promoted. Moreover, the liquid retention capacity of the film is improved, which enhances its ionic conductivity as well. The reported PGPE exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 57.6 mS cm⁻¹ at 25 °C and a potential window of 0–1.2 V. The symmetrical PGPE supercapacitor (AC/AC) shows 95.21% mass-specific capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹ with a maximum energy density of 12.8 W h kg⁻¹ and a maximum power density of 5.475 kW kg⁻¹. This study confirms the exciting potential of PGPE for high performance supercapacitors.

The polycation gel polymer electrolyte (PGPE) is a promising electrolyte material for supercapacitors due to its high ionic conductivity and great flexibility.     

硅油填充眼的超声生物显微镜图像特征

目的：采用超声生物显微镜（ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM）观察玻璃体视网膜手术（virteoretinal surgery,VRS）硅油真充眼和周边增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR）图像特征。方法：回顾分析38例（38只眼）复杂性或牵引性RD患者,年龄13-55岁。采用VRS硅油填充治疗的UBM检查图像资料,硅油填充术后1-39个月,平均7.6个月。分析UBM检查硅油填充眼图像时,需在同一检查眼和在其他检查眼相对应部位中验证。结果：角膜内皮处显示硅油滴（particles）29只眼,其中尾影图（ghost images）17只眼;弥漫性不规则形态的硅油乳化26只眼,前房角、虹膜、睫状体等组织浸染（painting）硅油20只眼,周边PVR和玻璃体组织图像15只眼。结论：UBM较易认识和观察硅油填充眼的图像特征,是反映硅油填充眼内变化有用的工具。     

应用疾病控制理论开展社区营养工作模式探讨

目的 应用疾病控制理论和方法,探索应用疾病控制理论开展社区营养工作的模式.方法 随机抽取济宁市的2个社区,在社区诊断和基线调查的基础上,以社区干预为核心,在干预前后分别在干预组和对照组各抽取600人对干预效果进行评价.结果 在社区建立了一支由疾控人员、心理卫生、志愿者共同组成的心理、行为干预队伍和工作网络.结论 应用疾病控制理论开展社区干预工作的模式是有效的、可行的,值得推广.     

Y-chromosome O3 haplogroup diversity in Sino-Tibetan populations reveals two migration routes into the eastern Himalayas

The eastern Himalayas are located near the southern entrance through which early modern humans expanded into East Asia. The genetic structure in this region is therefore of great importance in the study of East Asian origins. However, few genetic studies have been performed on the Sino-Tibetan populations (Luoba and Deng) in this region. Here, we analyzed the Y-chromosome diversity of the two populations. The Luoba possessed haplogroups D, N, O, J, Q, and R, indicating gene flow from Tibetans, as well as the western and northern Eurasians. The Deng exhibited haplogroups O, D, N, and C, similar to most Sino-Tibetan populations in the east. Short tandem repeat (STR) diversity within the dominant haplogroup O3 in Sino-Tibetan populations showed that the Luoba are genetically close to Tibetans and the Deng are close to the Qiang. The Qiang had the greatest diversity of Sino-Tibetan populations, supporting the view of this population being the oldest in the family. The lowest diversity occurred in the eastern Himalayas, suggesting that this area was an endpoint for the expansion of Sino-Tibetan people. Thus, we have shown that populations with haplogroup O3 moved into the eastern Himalayas through at least two routes.     

视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后眼底血流的共焦扫描激光多普勒视网膜血流图分析

目的观察视网膜脱离(retinaldetachment,RD)以及巩膜扣带术(scleralbucking,SB)对视网膜和视乳头血流的影响。方法52例52眼单眼RD接受常规SB,手术方式包括巩膜环扎术、巩膜外冷冻术、眼内注气,应用共焦扫描激光多普勒视网膜血流分析仪(Heidelbergretinalflowmeter,HRF)检测术前患眼和对侧健眼的视网膜和视乳头血流灌注情况。术后随访3m。结果RD组眼底血流检测参数普遍低于健眼,SB后视乳头大血管的血流量、血流速术后各组低于健眼及术前组,颞侧视乳头盘沿的血流量、血流速术后各组低于健眼,鼻侧视乳头盘沿的血流量术后各组低于健眼(P<0.05)。结论RD眼眼底血流明显下降,其对视乳头和视网膜的血流量影响最大,在对眼底各部位影响方面,以对视乳头大血管三项指标的影响最大。而术后视网膜复位并没有改善其眼底血流,这可能是RD术后视功能的恢复不理想的一个重要原因。     

用锌原紫质(ZPP)作为缺铁性红细胞生成的标记衡量感染免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)病人机体铁状况

尽管HIV病人的贫血很常见 ,但没有一个可靠的指标诊断缺Fe性贫血。因此我们研究了不同程度的感染HIV病人Zn原紫质 (ZPP)运铁蛋白饱和度 (TS)和铁蛋白。调查了 76名感染HIV病人的铁状况。用正面血液荧光检测 (afront -facedhematoflurimeter)测量ZPP ,用浊度测定法测铁蛋白和运铁蛋白。其中 4 2名病人患贫血 ,根据贫血程度不同将病人分为三组 :A组血红蛋白 (HB) >14g/dL ,B组 12～ 14g/dL ,C组Hb <12g/dL。A组与B组的研究参数差异不显著。C组出现显著不同 :β2 -球蛋白的均数值 3 6± 0 5mg/L(C组与B组相对比P <0 0 1和A组相比 ,P <0 0 0 1) ;CD - 4阳性T细胞均数 173± 4 1/ μL(和A组比P <0 0 1) ;ZPP均数 86± 12 μmol/mol血质 (和A组、B组相对照P <0 0 0 1,且铁蛋白均数 10 6 6± 377μg/L(P <0 0 1与A、B组相比 )。根据这些数据 ,我们计算出三个指标的敏感性和特异性分别为 :TS(10 0 %和 39%) ,ZPP(78%和 4 4 %)铁蛋白(5 6 %和 10 0 %)。由此我们推荐一种方法至少两个指标联合使用诊断缺铁性贫血 ,如 :铁蛋白和TS或铁蛋白和ZPP。     

自身免疫性心肌病抗心肌线粒体腺嘌呤核苷异位酶抗体的动态变化

目的:观察自身免疫性心肌病(AIC)小鼠模型和病毒性心脏病(VHD)患者血清抗心肌线粒体腺嘌 呤核苷异位酶(ANT)抗体的演变规律。方法:建立ANT合成肽AIC小鼠模型,ELISA法定期监测小鼠血清抗 ANT抗体,观察心肌病理变化;对不同病程VHD患者血清进行抗ANT抗体检测。结果:AIC小鼠模型抗ANT 抗体阳性率随着病程延长,呈先上升后下降趋势,病理检查结果提示心肌组织有慢性炎症的改变。在不同病程 VHD患者中,血清抗ANT抗体阳性率也呈现先升高后降低的变化,临床随访发现12.9%病毒性心肌炎转化为 扩张型心肌病。AIC小鼠模型与不同病程VHD患者血清抗ANT抗体演变具有一致性(r=0.53,P>0.05)。 结论:抗ANT抗体水平的变化与心肌病进程相关。