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甲醛对小鼠致突变作用的研究

目的　研究甲醛对小鼠的致突变作用。方法　选择健康昆明种小鼠 5 0只 (雌雄各半 ) ,随机分为 3个剂量组 :甲醛高剂量组 (2 0 0 0mg/kg·bw)、中剂量组 (2 0 0mg/kg·bw)、低剂量组 (0 2 0mg/kg·bw) ,1个阴性对照组 (生理盐水 )和 1个阳性对照组 (环磷酰胺 5 0mg/kg) ,采用腹腔注射染毒 ,每天 1次 ,连续 5d。于第六天处死雌性小鼠进行骨髓细胞微核试验 ,于第三十五天处死雄性小鼠进行精子畸形试验 ,显微镜下观察并计数微核及畸形精子数。结果　甲醛中、高剂量组骨髓细胞微核数显著高于阴性对照组 (P <0 0 5 ;) ,同时低、中、高剂量组精子畸形率显著高于阴性对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　甲醛对小鼠具有致突变作用     

富含血管的听神经瘤

目的探讨富含血管的听神经瘤的手术治疗。方法复习20年（1975—1995）手术治疗单侧听神经瘤90例，其中4例为富含血管的听神经瘤（HAT），与86例非富含血管的听神经瘤（NHAT），做回顾性分析，据临床表现、放射学检查、手术所见做比较。结果HAT较NHAT年轻（28±10与54±17岁）（P〈0．01），MRI显示HAT为实质性，无肿瘤囊变，多数较NHAT为大（P〈0．05）；MRI示HAT有多个代表较大引流静脉的流空效应；经皮股动脉、椎动脉造影显示HAT有广泛的肿瘤着色及早期引流静脉的充盈，并证实由椎基动脉供血。过去文献报道认为以分期手术为宜。作者在控制性低血压麻醉下，成功地完成了4例HAT的切除术，未输血，术后无明显伤残。结论HAT是一种实质性大型肿瘤，出现于青年期，血管造影能够提供特征性发现。MRI能显示肿瘤表面的流空效应而确诊。采用控制性低血压麻醉有望能一期全切除肿瘤。     

Chronic orchialgia: Consider gabapentin or nortriptyline before considering surgery

OBJECTIVE: To establish if there is a role for gabapentin or nortriptyline in the treatment of chronic orchialgia. METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive patients with chronic orchialgia were seen in the chronic pain clinic by a multidisciplinary team. A pain questionnaire was completed prior to commencing either gabapentin or nortriptyline. They were reviewed at 3 months and a repeat questionnaire completed. A 50% improvement in pain was considered successful. RESULTS: Complete data was available for 19 patients. Overall, 61.5% of patients commenced on gabapentin and 66.6% of patients commenced on nortriptyline had a greater than 50% improvement in pain. Patients with post-vasectomy testicular pain were considered as a subgroup. None of these patients had a greater than 50% improvement in pain. However, 80% of patients in the subgroup with idiopathic chronic orchialgia had a greater than 50% improvement in pain. CONCLUSION: Although this is a small study, it appears that gabapentin and nortriptyline are effective in the treatment of idiopathic chronic orchialgia but not post-vasectomy pain.     

小脑后下动脉动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨小脑后下动脉动脉瘤的临床特征、诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析12例小脑后下动脉瘤的临床表现、影像学特征、手术效果及诊治过程中存在的相关问题。结果12例中有11例因动脉瘤破裂出血而发病,单纯第四脑室出血4例,全脑室系统出血2例,小脑半球出血3例,小脑蚓部伴第四脑室出血1例,侧脑室伴第三脑室出血1例,以后颅窝占位病变表现1例。8例术前行DSA检查明确诊断,4例术中明确诊断。12例均行后颅窝开颅显微手术治疗,其中动脉瘤颈夹闭9例,孤立切除2例,动脉瘤加固术1例,术后2例因脑积水加重行脑室-腹腔分流术。12例中除1例术后留有轻偏瘫外,其余11例恢复良好。结论小脑后下动脉瘤多以第四脑室出血发病,少数以小脑半球或蚓部出血发病,及早治疗效果满意。手术方式应尽量夹闭动脉瘤颈,对于小脑后下动脉末端动脉瘤,可以采用孤立切除术。     

Localised endosteal bone lysis in relation to the femoral components of cemented total hip arthroplasties

Four cases are described of localised endosteal bone lysis in the femur occurring in association with cemented femoral components that were not obviously 'loose' radiologically. In each, the area of lysis was shown at operation to be related directly to a region in which there was a local defect in the cement mantle surrounding the stem. Via the space between the stem and cement, such defects provide a route through which the contents of the joint cavity may reach the endosteal surface of the femur, subsequently leading to localised bone lysis, and later to frank loosening.     

颈内动脉接近完全闭塞时的处理

目的由于卒中风险随着狭窄严重程度的增加而升高，因此认为颈内动脉（ICA）接近闭塞患者的卒中风险很高。在现有的随机试验中，还没有专门针对这种情况进行探讨，因此其处理尚存在争汶。方法：对相关文献进行系统评价。结果：对ICA接近闭塞患者的处理还存在争议：一些学者支持进行干预，而另一些学者则认为存在风险或没有益处而反对进行干预。在ICA接近闭塞的有症状患者中进行一项比较外科治疗与最佳内科治疗的多中心前瞻性随机试验似乎非常困难，因为这类研究需要大量的患者。尽管如此，基于目前的证据，似乎很难拒绝手术治疗。结论：由于目前对ICA接近闭塞患者的最佳处理方案仍存在着争议，因此需要前瞻性观察性研究以证实其在有症状和无症状人群中的患病率以及相关的卒中风险。基于目前的证据，大多数医疗中心选择手术治疗，但它相对干内科治疗的特粱尚右待证章．     

The dental caries status and dental treatment patterns of 12-year-old children in Hong Kong

A randomly selected sample of 662 12-year-old Hong Kong children, 529 of whom were Southern Chinese and 133 non-Chinese, was clinically examined for dental caries. The DMFT values were 2.76 and 1.66 for the Chinese and non-Chinese children, respectively. The D component for the Chinese children was 2.12, while for the non-Chinese children it was only 0.45. Approximately 24.0% of the Chinese children had attended the dentist because they were in pain. Only 3.8% of the Chinese children had sought orthodontic or preventive treatment, compared with 24.0% of the non-Chinese children. Although these findings indicate the caries experience to be well below the FDI/WHO global goal for the year 2000, there is a great need to increase the level of dental awareness among Chinese children.     

婴幼儿癫痫的外科治疗

目的探讨婴幼儿癫痫外科的手术意义。方法从2002-2005年有12例婴幼儿因海绵状血管瘤(4例)、发育不良神经上皮肿瘤(DNTs)(2例)、Sturge.weber综合征(1例)、半侧巨脑病(2例)、外伤后脑膜脑疤痕(1例)、脑脓肿疤痕组织(1例)、脉络丛乳头瘤(1例);由分别位于额(2例)、颞(4例)、顶(2例)、枕(2例)与额顶及颞顶(各1例)病变所致均为灾难性癫痫。当年龄在9—32(平均21.5)个月龄时做了病变及致痫灶切除/功能性大脑半球切除。癫痫开始于出生后5～20 (平均11.8)个月,每天或每周发作多次,抗痫药物治疗无效。患儿做手术评估是6—22(平均12.8)个月。3例患儿有偏瘫,7例显示有缓慢发展的认知功能减低表现。MRI、PET及V-EEG都证实了病灶及致痛灶。结果手术后无死亡及新的神经症状缺失。8例解除了癫痫(EngelⅠ级);2例罕有发作(EngelⅡ级);2例有值得的(worthwhile)改善(EngelⅢ级),7例认知功能也有改善,3例偏瘫者2例有改善。结论灾难性癫痫婴幼儿仔细选择手术病例,外科可以减轻、解除癫痫的疾苦。