Results of clinical and hematologic examination of donors infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

The data on the myelogram, peripheral blood and the proteinogram of 30 donors infected with human immunodeficiency virus are provided. The donors were observed for 6 months in the Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion of the Mukhimbili hospital (Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania). It is concluded that the above-enumerated parameters should be controlled over time, which is likely to be instrumental in the diagnosis of a qualitatively new condition of the patients--a stage of human immunodeficiency infection transformation to AIDS.     

Two-year evaluation of Borrelia burgdorferi culture and supplemental tests for definitive diagnosis of Lyme disease

Lyme disease is usually diagnosed and treated based on clinical manifestations. However, laboratory testing is useful for patients with confusing presentations and for validation of disease in clinical studies. Although cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi is definitive, prior investigations have shown that no single test is optimal for Lyme disease diagnosis. We applied high-volume blood culture, skin biopsy culture, PCR, and serodiagnosis to a cohort of patients with suspected Lyme disease acquired in Maryland and southern Pennsylvania. The study was performed to confirm the relative utility of culture and to identify laboratory testing algorithms that will supplement clinical diagnosis. Overall, 30 of 86 patients (35%) were culture positive, whereas an additional 15 of 84 (18%) were seropositive only (51% total sero- and culture positive), and PCR on skin biopsy identified 4 additional patients who were neither culture nor seropositive. Among 49 laboratory test-positive patients, the highest sensitivity (100%) for diagnosis was obtained when culture, skin PCR, and serologic tests were used, although serologic testing with skin PCR was almost as sensitive (92%). Plasma PCR was infrequently positive and provided no additional diagnostic value. Although culture is definitive and has a relatively high sensitivity, the results required a mean of 3.5 weeks to recovery. The combination of acute-phase serology and skin PCR was 75% sensitive, offering a practical and relatively rapid alternative for confirming clinical impression. The full battery of tests could be useful for patients with confusing clinical signs or for providing strong laboratory support for clinical studies of Lyme disease.     

Comparison of the real-time PCR method and the Gen-Probe amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary and nonpulmonary specimens

Real-time PCR was compared to Amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direct Test (AMTDII) for 100 clinical specimens. The overall sensitivities of the real-time PCR method and AMTDII were similar for respiratory and nonrespiratory specimens. However, real-time PCR seemed to be less susceptible to amplification inhibitors than AMTDII.     

Electrophoretic characterization of soluble protein extracts of Legionella pneumophila and other members of the family Legionellaceae.

The soluble peptides of strains of Legionella pneumophila, Tatlockia micdadei, Fluoribacter bozemanae, Fluoribacter dumoffii, and Fluoribacter gormanii were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Characteristic patterns were seen for Legionella and Tatlockia strains, whereas the patterns for the Fluoribacter strains were variable as would be expected for this genetically heterogeneous group. Grouping by peptide pattern was consistent with proposed taxons based on DNA-DNA homology. By using a new silver stain technique, the sensitivity and ease of pattern recognition were enhanced significantly. This technique is an easily applied general method for distinguishing between strains in epidemiological studies.     

Household and environmental factors influencing anthropometric outcomes in preschool children in a rural Ethiopian community

This article tests the hypothesis that anthropometrical outcomes in preschool children are a function of complex interaction between food, nutrition, health, and other physical environmental conditions within which children live and grow. A system of simultaneous equations is used to test the above hypothesis using data from an Ethiopian highland community. The results show that a child's nutritional and health status are jointly determined by dietary intake, well-being of the mother as the primary caregiver, and the state of the physical environment for agricultural production and healthy living. Among other factors, children were found to be in better health with an increase in the number of cows in their households' livestock herds. The revealed interrelatedness and complexities of cause and effect clearly dictate the need for a multi- or transdisciplinary approach to research and development addressing health, nutrition, sanitation, agricultural production practices, among other factors for alleviating the nutritional and health problems of children and rural households.     

Prostaglandin synthetase inhibition by alkaloids of Heimia salicifolia

Two alkaloids from Heimia salicifolia, cryogenine and nesodine, were respectively 2.48 and 2.24 times as potent as aspirin as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase prepared from bovine seminal vesicles. Reference compounds, indomethacin and phenylbutazone, were respectively 2800 and 8.75 times as potent while a synthetic analogue of cryogenine, JB-1-0, was 0.656 times the potency of aspirin. This activity may help to explain the traditional medicine use of H. salicifolia in the Americas.     

Response to trastuzumab and investigation of expression profiles of matrix metalloproteinase-related proteins in primary breast cancer stem cells

Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. One of the reasons for the failure of BC treatment is reportedly the ineffectiveness of...     

Safety and immunogenicity of the epicutaneous reactivation of pertussis toxin immunity in healthy adults: a phase I,randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

ObjectivesProtection induced by acellular vaccines can be short, requiring novel immunization strategies. Objectives of this study were to evaluate safety and capacity of a recombinant pertussis toxin (PTgen) -coated Viaskin® epicutaneous patch to recall memory responses in healthy adults.MethodsThis double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial (Phase I) assessed the safety and immunogenicity of PTgen administered on days 0 and 14 to healthy adults using Viaskin® patches applied directly or after epidermal laser-based skin preparation. Patch administration was followed by Boostrix®dTpa on day 42. Antibodies were assessed at days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 70.ResultsAmong 102 volunteers enrolled, 80 received Viaskin-PT (Viaskin-PT 25 μg (n = 25), Viaskin-PT 50 μg (n = 25), laser + Viaskin-PT 25 μg (n = 5), laser + Viaskin-PT 50 μg (n = 25)), Viaskin-placebo (n = 10) or laser + Viaskin-placebo (n = 2). Incidence of adverse events was similar across groups (any local event: 21/25 (84.0%), 24/25 (96.0%), 4/5 (80.0%), 24/25 (96.0%), 8/10 (80.0%), 10/12 (83.0%), respectively). Direct application induced no detectable response. On day 42, PT-IgG geometric mean concentrations were significantly higher following laser + Viaskin-PT 25 μg and 50 μg (139.87 (95% CI 87.30–224.10) and 121.76 (95% CI 95.04–156.00), respectively), than laser + Viaskin-placebo (59.49, 95% CI 39.37–89.90). Seroresponse rates were higher following laser + Viaskin-PT 25 μg (4/5 (80.0%), 95% CI 28.4–99.5) and 50 μg (22/25 (88.0%), 95% CI 68.8–97.5) than laser + Viaskin-placebo (0/12 (0.0%), 95% CI 0.0–26.5).ConclusionsViaskin-PT applied after laser-based epidermal skin preparation showed encouraging safety and immunogenicity results: anti-PT booster responses were not inferior to those elicited by Boostrix®dTpa. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 03035370) and was funded by DBV Technologies.     

HLA-DRB1*1602 allele is positively associated with HPV cervical infection in Bolivian Andean women

Incidence of cervical cancer is high among Bolivian Andean women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known as the major risk factor of cervical cancer. The host immune system plays an important role in the outcome of HPV infection and associated malignancies. In order to study the immunogenetic background of Bolivian Andean women with regard to HPV infection status, we compared HLA class I and class II allele frequencies between 37 HPV positive and 68 HPV negative Bolivian women. Demographic variables, including distribution of Andean ethnicities, were similar in both groups. Comparison of HLA class I allele frequencies between both groups indicated no significant difference. In contrast, HLA class II DRB1*1602 allele, an Amerindian allele, was significantly higher in the HPV positive women compared with HPV negative controls (chi(2) = 5.2, p < 0.05, odds ratio = 3.17; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-8.8). HPV types present in the HPV positive group were HPV-18, -16, -31, -33, and -58. These results suggest that HLA class II DRB1*1602 may confer susceptibility to infection with genetically related HPV types. This is the first report of an HLA class II association with HPV infection in an Andean population.