Ernährung bei Diabetes

According to the current nutritional recommendations issued by professional diabetes and nutrition associations, diabetic patients should keep to a diet consisting of 45–60% carbohydrates, 10–20% protein, and not more than 35% fat. However, not all of these nutritional recommendations are evidence based. For example, current studies show that the intake of insoluble roughage may be underrepresented. It is also possible that diabetic patients could benefit from keeping to the lower end of the recommended range for carbohydrates (45%) and the upper end of the range advised for protein (20%).     

双波长紫外分光光度法测定贝母中腺苷和胸苷的含量

将4种贝母的甲醇提取物经薄层色谱法粗分离后,直接用双波长紫外分光光度法测定其含量。结果表明,该方法线性关系好,腺苷和胸苷标准曲线的相关系数均为0.9999,同时也发现平贝、炉贝和伊贝中腺苷都占核苷总量60%以上,而浙贝中仅占约40%,提示贝母生药的抗凝血活性可能与贝母中核苷类化合物的种类和含量的差别有关。     

The modern diagnosis of gonorrhea

Modern identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae may be either accomplished by direct detection of gonococcal antigen, i.e. without microbiological culturing, or, following culturing, by rapid culture confirmation. The direct detection of gonococcal antigen in an enzyme immuno-assay (Gonozyme) shows reduced specifity especially with mixed microbial flora, and decreased sensitivity with small numbers of organisms. Culture confirmation may be achieved by a rapid sugar degradation test (API----quadFERM+), by specific enzyme detection using chromogenic substrates (Gonochek II), or by demonstration of protein I specific for Neisseria gonorrhoeae by means of monoclonal antibodies (Mikrotrak, Phadebact monoclonal GC, Gonogen II). Detection of protein I is highly sensitive and specific in both the tests of immunofluorescence and coagglutination.     

Untersuchungen Über die Insulin-Zerstörende Kraft (IZK.) des Blutes

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Fetal transesophageal echocardiography: clinical introduction as a monitoring tool during cardiac intervention in a human fetus.

Because of insufficient imaging by maternal transabdominal fetal echocardiography (TAE) in a human fetus with aortic atresia, imperforate atrial septum and progressive cardiac failure, we assessed the feasibility of fetal transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as a monitoring tool during fetal cardiac intervention at 24 + 6 weeks of gestation. Percutaneous fetoscopic intraesophageal deployment of the ultrasound catheter was achieved and did not result in any maternal or fetal complications. Fetal TEE permitted substantially clearer definition of fetal cardiac anatomy and intracardiac device manipulations than conventional maternal TAE. Despite the employment of various devices, no sufficiently large opening could be achieved within the atrial septum. Although the fetus tolerated the procedure remarkably well and satisfactory fetoplacental flow could be documented at the end of the procedure, the fetus died from progressive cardiac failure 3 days after the intervention. Fetoscopic TEE is feasible in the human fetus and permits substantially clearer definition of fetal cardiac anatomy and intracardiac manipulations than conventional maternal TAE. Based on the observation of spontaneous closure of multiple iatrogenic perforations of the atrial septum, specialized devices are required in order to improve the technical success rate of septoplasty methods and hence the survival odds of these high-risk patients.     

Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women

We studied physical fitness and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 10,224 men and 3120 women who were given a preventive medical examination. Physical fitness was measured by a maximal treadmill exercise test. Average follow-up was slightly more than 8 years, for a total of 110,482 person-years of observation. There were 240 deaths in men and 43 deaths in women. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates declined across physical fitness quintiles from 64.0 per 10,000 person-years in the least-fit men to 18.6 per 10,000 person-years in the most-fit men (slope, -4.5). Corresponding values for women were 39.5 per 10,000 person-years to 8.5 per 10,000 person-years (slope, -5.5). These trends remained after statistical adjustment for age, smoking habit, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, parental history of coronary heart disease, and follow-up interval. Lower mortality rates in higher fitness categories also were seen for cardiovascular disease and cancer of combined sites. Attributable risk estimates for all-cause mortality indicated that low physical fitness was an important risk factor in both men and women. Higher levels of physical fitness appear to delay all-cause mortality primarily due to lowered rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer.     

Failure of polymyxin B nonapeptide to augment bactericidal activities of novobiocin, rifampin, and of defibrinated human blood against Serratia marcescens

Polymyxin B (PB) and polymyxin B nonapeptide (PBNP), when combined with rifampin or novobiocin, but not vancomycin, yielded additive inhibitory effects against test strains of Serratia marcescens of three varieties: those that produced cocarde growths around PB disks (coc+); those that grew adjacent to PB disks (coc-, 6); and those that yielded clear inhibition zones around PB disks (coc-, clear). However, time kill curve experiments disclosed that only the combination of rifampin + PB exerted a potent bactericidal effect against coc+ strains of S. marcescens; rifampin + PBNP and novobiocin + PB or PBNP merely effected transient decreases of colony counts. Assays involving 50% (v/v) of fresh defibrinated human blood + PB or PBNP revealed that only PB clearly augmented the antibacterial activity of blood against coc+, and less so against coc- test strains of S. marcescens.