陈祖皋以子午流注论治内伤咳嗽医案 3 则

陈祖皋先生,系原浙江省绍兴市人民医院中医科医生,乃绍兴当代名医,师承于绍兴当代名医潘文藻,是绍派伤寒医家何廉臣的再传弟子。从事中医内科临床工作五十余载,组方灵活,源出经典,学验俱丰,造诣甚深,重于实践,师古不泥,遣药组方不拘一格,圆机活法,随证而治,疗效显著。     

油茶皂甙对实验动物造血机能的影响

目的：研究油茶皂甙对豚鼠和罗非鱼造血功能的影响。方法：比较油茶皂甙（1mg/kg）处理前和处理后豚鼠红细胞和血红蛋白量计数变化。罗非鱼分对照组和油茶皂甙处理组，分别在清水和含1ppm油茶皂甙水饲养6天后，再同时置入清水中净养，观察其存活20％的最高温度。结果：豚鼠用药前后红细胞计数和血红蛋白含量改变轻微，无明显统计学差异（P＞0．05），对照组和油茶皂甙处理组罗非鱼在清水中饲养的耐受最高温度为41．5℃，但在含油茶皂甙水中能耐受的最主温度为36℃。结论：油茶皂甙可短暂，轻微地降低红细胞和血红蛋白，但并不影响造血功能。     

Das Liquid-oxygen-System (LOX)

By oxygen concentration measurements (Oximeter Oxydig Dräger, Lübeck) in the EC 145 helicopter two oxygen transport and application systems were compared. The new liquid oxygen system (LOX) for the oxygen therapy was assessed in an application observation. For physical reasons fluid oxygen evaporates during the stand-by phase and an increased concentration (22.8% O₂) in the exhaust valve of LOX arises. On the other hand a high oxygen concentration (22.7% O₂) was measured in the operation mode of the conventional pressure flask gas system (GAS). No increased concentration could be measured within the helicopter cabin (HEMS, PAX) comparing both oxygen systems. For transport and application of oxygen with a very big reserve for the air dependent intensive transport the results show that LOX is a sure low pressure system (3.4 bar).     

What is the value of minimizing access trauma for patients?]

Minimizing the access trauma of surgical interventions is becoming an essential task in modern surgery in order to make the treatment more comfortable for the patient. Minimally invasive surgery has had a major impact on the improvement of surgical results over the last decade. This is why such surgery is often named as the third patient friendly revolution in surgery after the introduction of asepsis and anesthesia. Operations that caused a huge strain on the patients in the past and led to immense costs for society because of the patient's lost working time and extensive rehabilitation, have lost their fear thanks to this technique. The physical strain is lower, the cosmetic effect is considerable and the costs for society might be reduced due to the significantly shorter duration of convalescence.Despite its known advantages, which have been reported in numerous studies, minimally invasive surgery has recently gained increased interest because of the installation of new accounting systems as well as strict budgeting and restricted resources.Realistic cost-benefit analysis and objectified quality controls are needed in order to guarantee innovative and patient friendly basic approaches in medicine in the future.     

Radiofrequency-ablation of unresectable primary and secondary liver tumors: results in 88 patients

Background and aims Radiofrequency-ablation (RFA) is increasingly used for destruction of unresectable primary and secondary liver tumors. We report our experience in the use of RFA for the management of unresectable hepatic malignancies. Patients and methods Between February 2000 and December 2004 we have undertaken 120 RFA procedures to ablate 426 unresectable primary or metastatic liver tumors in 88 patients. RFA was performed via laparotomy (n=68), laparoscopy (n=9) or a percutaneous approach (n=43). Primary liver cancer was treated in seven patients (8%) and metastatic liver tumors were treated in 81 patients (92%). All patients were followed to assess complications, treatment response and recurrence of malignant disease. Results Procedure-related complication rate was low (3.4%). During a mean follow-up of 21.2 months, 15 patients had local tumor progression (17%), 21 patients (23,9%) had new malignant disease and 27 patients (30.7%) died from intervention-unrelated complications of their malignant disease. Additional liver lesions were identified in 27 (35%) of 77 cases by intraoperative ultrasound. Thirty-six patients received simultaneous resection and RFA. Conclusion RFA is a safe, well-tolerated and effective treatment for patients with unresectable primary and secondary liver malignancies.     

Cyto- and histomorphologic changes in the Jensen sarcoma exposed to cisplatin, radiotherapy and combination treatment

Puncture-cytological and histomorphological investigation results are presented in transplanted tumor Jensen sarcoma. The tested tumors did not respond to therapy in growth reaction and reached a quarter of the body mass of the experimental animals on day 18 post transplantation. Within the five groups (untreated, cisplatin daily 0.6 mg/kg b.w., irradiated with 2 Gy S. D., 20 Gy T. D. only, and 2 groups combined therapy cisplatin and irradiation) cytological differences were shown between the several therapeutic groups already at therapy day 7 in spite of similar growth reaction, but not between centre and periphery of tumors, that were marked more distinctly and confirmed in histomorphological picture at the end of therapy at day 18 p.t. The increased occurrence of giant cells with many nuclei and leukocytic inflammation reaction seem to be a typical picture for combined therapy.     

Detection of varicella zoster virus infections using polymerase chain reaction]

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA in vesicle samples from patients with varicella and zoster. Primers and the oligonucleotide probe were chosen from the region of the immediate early gene 63. Procedures for preparing the DNA from the specimens were omitted, and the amplified DNA was directly detected in ethidium bromide-stained polyacrylamide or agarose gels, thus providing a rapid and less laborious assay. A total of 66 vesicle specimens including 3 crusts (collected on days 1-14 after the onset of exanthem) were tested by the simplified VZV-PCR, and 64 (97%) were positive. When the direct visualization of the amplified DNA was confirmed by DNA hybridization, a non-radioactive hybridization assay involving a digoxigenin-labelled oligonucleotide probe and detection by chemiluminescence proved as adequate as a radioactive hybridization assay. Thus, the VZV PCR described appears to be a useful diagnostic test for detecting and identifying varicella zoster virus.     

乳腺浸润性小叶癌超声特征与腋窝淋巴结转移的相关性研究

[目的]本研究旨在探讨乳腺浸润性小叶癌(Invasive lobular carcinoma,ILC)患者腋窝淋巴结转移(axillary lymph node metastasis, ALNM)的超声特征及其他参数影响因素。[方法]收集病理已证实为ILC且术前行超声检查的病例91例,根据有无腋窝淋巴结转移分为ALNM组和无ALNM组,采用回顾性研究,收集患者的超声图像特征、术前CA153以及免疫指标等。[结果] 91例ILC患者中,45例发生ALNM,46例未发生ALNM。单因素x_²分析显示,病灶>23.5mm、纵横比≧1、周边高回声晕等超声特征,以及术前CA153>6.5U/ml与ALNM有关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,周边高回声晕和术前CA153>6.5U/ml是影响ILC患者ALNM的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。[结论]周边高回声晕和术前CA153>6.5U/ml是影响ILC患者发生ALNM的独立危险因素,可作为临床实践参考指标。     

CIK细胞临床应用技术规范探讨

 细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（cytokin induced killer cells，CIK细胞）因具有体外增殖倍数高、抗瘤谱广、杀瘤活性强、副作用极小等特点而受到关注。研究表明，CIK细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用是LAK细胞的100倍[1]。CIK细胞过继性免疫治疗是肿瘤治疗中的一项新技术，目前已逐步在临床上应用，因此，制订科学、严格的技术规范对该技术的正确使用及推广意义重大。但迄今国内还没有关于CIK细胞培养和临床应用的统一技术规范。无锡旺庄医院生物治疗中心参考国家食品药品监督管理局1999年制订的《新生物制品审批办法》和美国FDA 1998年制订的《人体细胞治疗和基因治疗指导原则》，结合数年的CIK细胞临床应用经验，制订出我们的CIK细胞临床应用技术规范，现介绍如下，供同行切磋和讨论，以期促成全国性统一技术规范的早日制定。     

Hemoglobin oxygen affinity in patients suffering from arterial occlusive disease of the legs

Summary Parameters characterizing the hemoglobin oxygen affinity were determined in blood of 12 male patients suffering from arterial occlusive disease (AOD) of the legs and compared with data obtained earlier from healthy human subjects (controls). Due to a COHb content of 4.8%±2.2% in the cigarette-smoking AOD patients, the standard oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) was left-shifted, the half-saturation pressure (P₅₀) amounted to 24.8±1.7 mmHg (3.30±0.23 kPa), although the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration was increased to 15.3±1.7 µmol/g Hb. Correcting the effects of elevated COHb shifts the P₅₀ to 26.3 mmHg (3.5 kPa) and increases the steepness of the ODC (Hill's n) from 2.79±0.27 to about 2.99, which is significantly different from controls. The Bohr coefficients after acidification of blood with lactic acid (BC_Lac) show high values at low oxygen saturations of hemoglobin (–0.50±0.04 in AOD patients, –0.32±0.04 in controls;P<0.05 at 10% S_O2). The cause of the alterations in hemoglobin oxygen affinity may be a reduced mean erythrocyte age, but also the influence of unknown factors generated, e.g., from anaerobic muscle metabolism in AOD.Abbreviations AOD Arterial occlusive disease of the legs - BC Bohr coefficient - BC_CO2 Bohr coefficient after acidification of blood with CO₂ - BC_Lac Bohr coefficient after acidification of blood with lactic acid - DPG 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate - ODC Oxygen dissociation curve - P₅₀ Oxygen pressure when hemoglobin is half-saturated