全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1939篇 |
免费 | 104篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 10篇 |
儿科学 | 56篇 |
妇产科学 | 30篇 |
基础医学 | 303篇 |
口腔科学 | 39篇 |
临床医学 | 146篇 |
内科学 | 306篇 |
皮肤病学 | 48篇 |
神经病学 | 219篇 |
特种医学 | 46篇 |
外科学 | 129篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
预防医学 | 307篇 |
眼科学 | 13篇 |
药学 | 199篇 |
中国医学 | 34篇 |
肿瘤学 | 170篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 28篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 43篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 45篇 |
2016年 | 39篇 |
2015年 | 37篇 |
2014年 | 68篇 |
2013年 | 80篇 |
2012年 | 130篇 |
2011年 | 158篇 |
2010年 | 67篇 |
2009年 | 81篇 |
2008年 | 133篇 |
2007年 | 150篇 |
2006年 | 149篇 |
2005年 | 154篇 |
2004年 | 120篇 |
2003年 | 135篇 |
2002年 | 97篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2062条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
László Bajnok Bertalan Kozlovszky József Varga Judit Antalffy Sándor Olvasztó Tamás Fülöp Jr. 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1994,21(12):1326-1332
Technetium-99m sestamibi was used for functional investigation of the muscle perfusion of lower extremities in 35 patients
with peripheral vascular disease. The aim was to test what useful information could be obtained by additional imaging of the
legs in patients referred for risk stratification with dipyridamole myocardial scanning. Posterior images were acquired over
the thighs and calves after postocclusive reactive hyperaemia and at rest. Inter- and intraextremity ratios and differences
between the stress and rest data were used for the assessment of abnormal circulation. Arteriography was performed in every
case, and surgical procedures or transluminal angioplasty in 31 patients. To estimate diagnostic accuracy, the results of99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy were compared with those of angiography and the functional consequences of revascularization procedures.
The sensitivity and specificity of99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy were 55% and 25%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 50%. Apparently methodological error
was not responsible for these poor results. Instead, a paradoxically high uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in muscles supplied
by significantly stenosed vessels was identified as the main source of both false-negative and false-positive results. This
phenomenon resembles the findings of a previous study involving delayed administration of thallium-201 after exercise. In
conclusion,99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy has not proved sufficiently reliable to help in the management strategy for patients with peripheral
vascular disease. 相似文献
2.
Improved cytosolic free calcium mobilization and superoxide production in bicarbonate-based peritoneal dialysis solution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dobos G; Burger M; Kuhlmann J; Passlick-Deetjen J; Schollmeyer P; Bohler J 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(5):973-977
Background. Intraperitoneal phagocytes play an
important role in local host defence to prevent CAPD peritonitis. The
intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i is thought to be
involved in the regulation of various cell functions. This study therefore
investigates the effect of lactate-based dialysis solution (LBDS) and
bicarbonate-based dialysis solution (BBDS) on cytosolic free calcium
mobilization and superoxide production (SP) as important steps in signal
transduction and bacterial killing. Methods. We
studied changes in [Ca2+]i and SP following
stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in
polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) incubated in either LBDS-pH 5.2, LBDS
adjusted to pH 7.4, 1:10 diluted spent and fresh LBDS or BBDS-pH 7.4 with
different glucose concentrations, comparing the data with cells treated
with Hanks buffer (HBSS) pH 7.4 as control. To elucidate the effect of
glucose and lactate PMNs were additionally incubated in HBSS-pH 7.4,
containing glucose (HBSS-Glu-pH 7.4) or lactate (HBSS-Lact-pH 7.4) in the
same concentrations as contained in CAPD solutions and tested as above.
PMNs were isolated from healthy blood donors and incubated with dialysis
solution 10 min prior to stimulation with fMLP.
Results. [Ca2+]i mobilization
and SP were completely inhibited in PMNs incubated in LBDS pH 5.2. pH
adjustment of LBDS to 7.4 and 1:10 dilution of spent and fresh LBDS
corrected some of the suppression of the calcium influx and superoxide
production. BBDS pH 7.4, however, preserved physiological cell function
significantly better at low (1.5 and 2.3%) glucose concentrations.
Conclusion. In comparison to conventional
lactate-based dialysis solution, pH adjusted and 1:10 diluted LBDS,
bicarbonate-based dialysis solution is more biocompatible since it
preserves significantly better neutrophil cell functions. 相似文献
3.
István Pintér János Mátyus Zoltán Czégány Judit Harsányi Marietta Homoki Miklós Kassai Eva Kiss István Kiss Erzsébet Ladányi Lajos Locsey Lajos Major Mihály Misz Lajos Nagy Kálmán Polner Jeno Rédl István Solt Béla Tichy Marietta T?r?k Gábor Varga Gyula Wagner Imre Wórum Béla Zsoldos László Pótó Katalin Dérczy István Wittmann Judit Nagy 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2004,19(4):840-843
BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of analgesic nephropathy has improved significantly with modern imaging techniques. We reviewed a large portion of the Hungarian dialysis population to obtain additional insight into the problem. METHODS: Twenty-two participating dialysis units enrolled 1400 patients on renal replacement therapy between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 1998. Patients with no known aetiology (n = 284) were interviewed and studied with renal imaging. We assessed the presence of decreased renal mass combined with either bumpy contours, papillary calcification, or both. The subjects studied were interrogated extensively. RESULTS: Our survey suggested analgesic nephropathy in 47 of 1400 patients (3.3%), 3-fold higher than the EDTA database estimate for Hungary. The analgesics most commonly abused were phenacetin-containing mixtures. The driving symptoms were mainly headache and joint pain. Cardiovascular complications were more common than in the rest of the dialysis population, independent of smoking and lipid values (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Phenacetin should be banned. Our study results support the need for longitudinal cohort and case-control studies in Hungary. 相似文献
4.
Krisztina Bencsik Judit Füvesi Zsanett Fricska-Nagy Cecília Rajda Erika Losonczi Margit T?r?k László Vécsei 《Journal of interferon & cytokine research》2006,26(2):96-100
The first pharmacon with proved efficacy for the treatment of patients with the relapsing-remitting or relapsing-progressive form of multiple sclerosis (MS) was interferon-beta1b (IFN-beta1b). In 1996, we started treating 34 relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and 2 relapsing-progressive MS (RPMS) patients with IFN-beta1b. Of these 36 patients, 28 received continuous medication for 6 years. The primary end point of the study was the effect of 6 years of continuous IFN-beta1b treatment on the annual relapse rate, the secondary end point was the change in the progression index during the 6 years, and the tertiary end point was the alteration in the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score of the patients. Finally, we give the reasons for the dropouts. The relapse rate decreased by 80.62% (p < 0.001), the mean EDSS score increased significantly, by approximately 0.5 points, to 2.21 +/- 1.48 (p = 0.016), and the reduction in the mean progression index was 67.19% (p < 0.001). This increase of < 0.5 point in the EDSS score is appreciably different from the 3-point deterioration expected after 6 years for the natural course of the disease. The significant improvement in the progression index clearly demonstrates that 6 years of IFN-beta1b therapy slowed the progression of the disease, thereby improving the quality of life of these MS patients. 相似文献
5.
Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure profiles in pediatric patients after renal transplantation 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Nicolaus Lingens Eva Dobos Klaus Witte Christopher Busch Björn Lemmer Günther Klaus Karl Schärer 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1997,11(1):23-26
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was applied in 27 pediatric patients aged 6.3 – 24.3 (median 15.0) years who had been
transplanted 1.5 – 8.4 years previously. Daytime values were compared with the mean of 10 concomitant casual blood pressure
recordings. At the time of the study, antihypertensive drugs were given to 17 patients. Inulin clearance ranged from 18 to
116 (median 66) ml/min per 1.73 m2. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring confirmed hypertension or normotension determined by casual blood pressure measurements
in 63% of patients. The physiological nocturnal dip in blood pressure was attenuated or reversed in 8 of 27 patients. It was
reduced in all 3 patients with renal artery stenosis of the graft, in 3 of 4 patients with chronic rejection, in the only
patient with recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and in 1 of 6 patients with past acute rejection. The dipping was
not related to inulin clearance. In conclusion, casual blood pressure measurements do not accurately reflect blood pressure
in pediatric patients transplanted more than 1.5 years previously. A reduced nocturnal dip in blood pressure may indicate
an underlying renovascular or renoparenchymal pathology. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring should regularly be applied
in patients with renal transplants.
Received May 23, 1995; received in revised form June 18, 1996; accepted June 20, 1996 相似文献
6.
7.
An adipose cell (SW872) model was developed to observe cellular necrosis and apoptosis upon Mycobacterium ulcerans infection and treatment with mycobacterial exudate. Apoptosis was likely due to secreted proteins, while necrosis was likely due to mycolactone. Our data suggest that additional factors in M. ulcerans may be involved in Buruli ulcer pathogenesis. 相似文献
8.
Both dsRNA genome segments of Drosophila X virus (DXV) were denatured and translated in vitro using nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The synthesis of all four primary gene products was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Genome segment A (mol wt 2.3 X 10(6)) encoded polypeptides with molecular weights of 67,000 (67K), 34K, and 27K, whereas segment B (mol wt 22 X 10(6)) encoded the 110K polypeptide. The proteolytic processing of 67K which generates a 49K polypeptide in infected cells was also observed in vitro. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that synthesis of the three polypeptides encoded by genome segment A initiated independently and simultaneously, suggesting that segment A is polycistronic. Native (undenatured) DXV dsRNA could also be translated with high fidelity (vitro). The messenger activity of native dsRNA was abolished by S1 nuclease treatment but completely restored on subsequent denaturation. In vitro "pulse-chase" experiments using native dsRNA as messenger, indicated that the order of translation of polypeptides on genome segment A was 5'-67K-27K-34K-3'. 相似文献
9.
Judit Gervai Zsofia Nemoda Krisztina Lakatos Zsolt Ronai Ildiko Toth Krisztina Ney Maria Sasvari-Szekely 《American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics》2005,(1):126-130
Following up the results of a previous population association study (Lakatos et al. [2000: Mol Psychiatry 5:633-637; Lakatos et al. [2002: Mol Psychiatry 7:27-31]) by analyses based on parental genetic data confirmed the link between infant attachment and the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene. Extended transmission disequilibrium tests (ETDT) were performed to determine whether biased transmission of exon III 48 basepair repeat alleles occurred to infants displaying disorganized and secure attachment behavior with their mothers. The overall allele-wise TDTs were significant for both groups (P = 0.038 and 0.020, respectively): a trend for preferential transmission of the seven-repeat allele to disorganized infants was observed (TDT(chi)(2) = 3.27, df = 1, P = 0.071), and there was a significant non-transmission of the same allele to securely attached infants (TDT(chi)(2) = 6.00, df = 1, P = 0.014). Analysis of haplotypes of the exon III repeat and the -521 C/T promoter polymorphisms in family trios showed that the transmission bias in the larger secure group was due to the low-rate transmission of the T.7 haplotype containing both the seven-repeat and the -521 T alleles (TDT(chi)(2) = 4.46, df = 1, P = 0.035). This suggests that not carrying the T.7 haplotype of the DRD4 gene may act as a resilience factor in the optimal development of early attachment. 相似文献
10.
Pongracz J Parnell S Anderson G Jaffrézou JP Jenkinson E 《Molecular immunology》2003,39(16):1013-1023
While low avidity ligation of the T cell receptor (TCR) leads to positive selection and further maturation of developing thymocytes providing the immune system with mature CD4(+) and CD8(+) (single positive) T cells, high avidity ligation triggers negative selection by apoptotic cell death and therefore the TCR repertoire is purged of autoreactive T cells. On peripheral T cells, however, high avidity ligation of the TCR triggers activation and survival not death. In the present study we used concanavalin A (Con A) and alpha-CD3 epsilon antibody to investigate a possible survival mechanism in connection with TCR ligation. Con A and alpha-CD3 epsilon were used in the study for the following reasons: (1) they both mimic the effects of high avidity TCR ligation by activating peripheral T cells, and (2) they trigger distinctively different physiological changes in developing thymocytes. While Con A supports events associated with cellular survival, alpha-CD3 epsilon induces apoptotic cell death. In our experimental system the TCR was cross-linked by Con A and alpha-CD3 epsilon in thymocytes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) deficient thymus organ cultures, where signals from the TCR can be triggered on zero background signal level. We have found that TCR cross-linking by Con A and not by alpha-CD3 epsilon decreases the gene and protein expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule, Bad; and that Con A is capable of the activation of the survival signalling pathway including protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) independently of phosphatidyl inositol kinase (PI3K). 相似文献