全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1547篇 |
免费 | 78篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 31篇 |
儿科学 | 14篇 |
妇产科学 | 52篇 |
基础医学 | 277篇 |
口腔科学 | 28篇 |
临床医学 | 114篇 |
内科学 | 368篇 |
皮肤病学 | 34篇 |
神经病学 | 84篇 |
特种医学 | 100篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 200篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 59篇 |
眼科学 | 12篇 |
药学 | 109篇 |
中国医学 | 17篇 |
肿瘤学 | 137篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 67篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 45篇 |
2018年 | 40篇 |
2017年 | 39篇 |
2016年 | 42篇 |
2015年 | 84篇 |
2014年 | 82篇 |
2013年 | 94篇 |
2012年 | 162篇 |
2011年 | 190篇 |
2010年 | 113篇 |
2009年 | 81篇 |
2008年 | 120篇 |
2007年 | 85篇 |
2006年 | 69篇 |
2005年 | 60篇 |
2004年 | 42篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 31篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1641条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Calcineurin B1 is essential for positive but not negative selection during thymocyte development 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
During development, discrete cell fates often result from variation in the intensity of a particular signal. The mechanisms underlying these seemingly analog-to-digital switches are not understood. In developing T lymphocytes, low-intensity signals through the antigen receptor result in positive selection while more intense signals give rise to negative selection. By deleting the genetic locus encoding the regulatory B1 subunit of calcineurin specifically in thymocytes, we found an absolute requirement for calcineurin in positive selection. In contrast, calcineurin activity was dispensable in several models of negative selection. Unexpectedly, we found that removal of calcineurin activity from thymocytes results in inefficient ERK activation at the double-positive stage of thymocyte development, when selection occurs. These studies clarify the mechanism by which graded signals are converted to discrete outcomes in T cell development and further indicate that the developmental roles of calcineurin likely contribute to immunosuppression by calcineurin inhibitors. 相似文献
2.
Penicillin sensor was prepared by immobilizing penicillinase (Pcase) on H+-selective carboxylated poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-COOH) membrane or cellulose filter membrane. The immobilization techniques
are as follows. Pcase was immobilized with GTH on H+-selective PVC-COOH membrane or some amount of BSA was dropped on that membrane. Another method to make immobilization is
to mix type I Pcase with GTH and drop on a cellulose filter membrane. According to immobilization techniques, there were some
differences in response properties of enzyme electrodes, however, all electrodes responded to Pcase-resistant penicillin derivatives.
Pcase immobilized on cellulose filter membrane with H+-selective PVC membrane eletrode was more stable and more sensitive to penicillinase-resistant penicillin derivatives than
any other immobilization techniques. 相似文献
3.
S H Song M J Oh T Kim J Y Hur H S Saw Y K Park 《International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics》2006,92(3):212-216
OBJECTIVE: To compare the perioperative outcomes of two cesarean section methods, the finger-assisted stretching technique (FAST), based on a modified Joel-Cohen method, with the traditional technique. METHODS: A retrospective review of the records of 416 women who underwent cesarean sections at Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between May 1993 and December 2001 was performed. Of the 416 women, 283 underwent cesarean sections with FAST and 133 with the traditional technique. RESULTS: Operative time was significantly shorter with FAST (15.3 vs. 42.6 min, P<.05), and FAST was associated with lower blood loss (601 vs. 928 mL, P<.05) and shorter hospital stay (3.7 vs. 6.5 days, P<.05). There were no significant differences in wound infection, voiding difficulty, and postoperative adhesions between the two methods. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that FAST may be the better technique. 相似文献
4.
Alfredo Oliveros Ki Hyun Yoo Mohammad Abdur Rashid Ana Corujo-Ramirez Benjamin Hur Jaeyun Sung Yuanhang Liu John R. Hawse Doo-Sup Choi Detlev Boison Mi-Hyeon Jang 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2022,119(28)
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) has emerged as a significant medical problem without therapeutic options. Using the platinum-based chemotherapy cisplatin to model CICI, we revealed robust elevations in the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and its downstream effectors, cAMP and CREB, by cisplatin in the adult mouse hippocampus, a critical brain structure for learning and memory. Notably, A2AR inhibition by the Food and Drug Administration–approved A2AR antagonist KW-6002 prevented cisplatin-induced impairments in neural progenitor proliferation and dendrite morphogenesis of adult-born neurons, while improving memory and anxiety-like behavior, without affecting tumor growth or cisplatin’s antitumor activity. Collectively, our study identifies A2AR signaling as a key pathway that can be therapeutically targeted to prevent cisplatin-induced cognitive impairments. 相似文献
5.
Usefulness of thin‐section single‐shot turbo spin echo with half‐fourier acquisition in evaluation of local invasion of lung cancer 下载免费PDF全文
6.
Hyun Jeong Park Seong Sook Hong Jiyoung Hwang Kyung Yul Hur 《Korean journal of radiology》2015,16(2):325-333
Laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass surgery is a safe and simple surgical intervention for treating morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus and is now being performed more frequently. Radiologists must be critical in their postoperative evaluation of these patients. In this pictorial review, we explain and illustrate the surgical technique, normal postoperative anatomy, and associated complications as seen on imaging examinations, including fluoroscopy and computed tomography. 相似文献
7.
K. Nael J. Hur A. Bauer R. Khan A. Sepahdari R. Inampudi M. Guerrero 《AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology》2015,36(11):2147
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The hypervascular nature of parathyroid adenomas can be explored by proper dynamic imaging to narrow the target lesions for surgical exploration. The purpose of this study was to establish MR perfusion characteristics of parathyroid adenomas to differentiate them from their mimics, such as subjacent thyroid tissue and cervical lymph nodes.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Preoperative high-spatial and -temporal resolution dynamic 4D contrast-enhanced MR imaging in 30 patients with surgically proved parathyroid adenomas was evaluated retrospectively. Using coregistered images, we placed ROIs over the parathyroid adenoma, thyroid gland, and a cervical lymph node (jugulodigastric) to obtain peak enhancement, time-to-peak, wash-in, and washout in each patient. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and analysis of variance. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal parameters for determination of parathyroid adenomas versus thyroid tissue and cervical lymph nodes.RESULTS:Parathyroid adenomas showed significantly (P < .05) faster time-to-peak, higher wash-in, and higher washout compared with cervical lymph nodes and significantly (P < .05) higher peak enhancement, faster time-to-peak, higher wash-in, and higher washout compared with thyroid tissue. Logistic regression analysis indicated significant contribution from time-to-peak (P = .02), wash-in (P = .03), and washout (P = .008) for differentiation of parathyroid adenomas from thyroid and cervical lymph nodes. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, we obtained the best diagnostic accuracy from a combination of time-to-peak/wash-in/washout in the differentiation of parathyroid adenomas versus lymph nodes (area under the curve, 0.96; sensitivity/specificity, 88%/90%) and in distinguishing parathyroid adenomas versus thyroid tissue (area under the curve, 0.96; sensitivity/specificity, 91%/95%).CONCLUSIONS:Dynamic 4D contrast-enhanced MR imaging can be used to exploit the hypervascular nature of parathyroid adenomas. Multiparametric MR perfusion can distinguish parathyroid adenomas from subjacent thyroid tissue or lymph nodes with diagnostic accuracies of 96%.Single parathyroid adenoma (PTA) is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, accounting for approximately 80%–90% of all cases.1 Definitive treatment requires surgical excision, and preoperative localization with imaging is commonly used to decrease the size of surgical incisions and complication rates.2Imaging has been increasingly used for preoperative detection of parathyroid adenomas. While sonography and technetium Tc99m sestamibi scintigraphy have often been used as first-line imaging to localize PTA, these tests are often inconclusive. This situation has led to the development of multiphasic CT (4D CT), which identifies PTAs through their hypervascular perfusion pattern compared with lymph nodes and the thyroid gland. 4D CT has shown superior accuracy compared with scintigraphy,3 though the radiation dose remains as high as 5.56–10.4 mSv.4–6MR imaging is an attractive alternative to both scintigraphy and 4D CT due to the lack of radiation and has been used for the evaluation of PTAs with some success,7–9 though not with the same effectiveness as 4D CT. Traditional technical limitations to localizing PTAs with MR imaging have recently been addressed with modern MR imaging technology. These include limited spatial and temporal resolution for multiphase dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging over a large FOV required for parathyroid imaging. This limitation can be addressed by the use of fast imaging tools such as time-resolved imaging with stochastic trajectories (TWIST)10 and improved parallel imaging techniques such as controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA).11 The second limitation is inhomogeneity of fat suppression in the neck required for detection of small parathyroid adenomas. The Dixon fat-suppression technique12 can dramatically improve this shortcoming.13In this study by using a modified dynamic contrast-enhanced sequence with incorporation of a TWIST-CAIPIRINHA combination and the Dixon fat saturation technique, we sought to describe MR perfusion characteristics of PTAs in a cohort of patients with pathology-proved PTA. We hypothesized that MR perfusion biomarkers can differentiate PTA from PTA mimics, such as subjacent thyroid gland and cervical lymph nodes. 相似文献
8.
Beomsik Kang Hyo-Cheol Kim Jin Wook Chung Saebeom Hur Seung-Moon Joo Hwan Jun Jae Jae Hyung Park 《Cardiovascular and interventional radiology》2013,36(5):1313-1319
Purpose
This study was designed to evaluate the safety of chemotherapeutic infusion or chemoembolization by way of the cystic artery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) supplied exclusively by the cystic artery.Methods
Between Jan 2002 and Dec 2011, we performed chemotherapeutic infusion or chemoembolization using iodized oil for the treatment of 27 patients with HCC supplied exclusively by the cystic artery. Computed tomography (CT) scans, digital subtraction angiograms, and medical records were retrospectively reviewed by consensus.Results
The cystic artery originated from the main right hepatic artery in 24 (89 %) patients, from the right anterior hepatic artery in 2 (7 %) patients, and from the left hepatic artery in 1 (4 %) patient. Selective catheterization of the cystic artery was achieved in all patients. Superselection of tumor-feeding vessels from the cystic artery was achieved in 7 patients (26 %). Chemotherapeutic infusion was performed in 18 patients (67 %), and chemoembolization was performed in 9 patients (33 %). There were no major complications and only 2 minor complications, including vasovagal syncope and nausea with vomiting. Individual tumor response supplied exclusively by the cystic artery at the follow-up enhanced CT scan were complete response (n = 16), partial response (n = 3), and stable disease (n = 8).Conclusion
HCC supplied exclusively by the cystic artery can be safely treated without severe complications by chemotherapeutic infusion or chemoembolization using iodized oil through the cystic artery. 相似文献9.
OBJECT: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat advanced Parkinson disease (PD) has been focused on one of two anatomical targets: the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus internus (GPI). Authors of more than 65 articles have reported on bilateral DBS outcomes. With one exception, these studies involved pre- and postintervention comparisons of a single target. Despite the paucity of data directly comparing STN and GPI DBS, many clinicians already consider the STN to be the preferred target site. In this study the authors conducted a metaanalysis of the existing literature on patient outcomes following DBS of the STN and the GPI. METHODS: This metaanalysis includes 31 STN and 14 GPI studies. Motor function improved significantly following stimulation (54% in patients whose STN was targeted and 40% in those whose GPI was stimulated), with effect sizes (ESs) of 2.59 and 2.04, respectively. After controlling for participant and study characteristics, patients who had undergone either STN or GPI DBS experienced comparable improved motor function following surgery (p = 0.094). The performance of activities of daily living improved significantly in patients with either target (40%). Medication requirements were significantly reduced following stimulation of the STN (ES = 1.51) but did not change when the GPI was stimulated (ES = -0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis the authors highlight the need for uniform, detailed reporting of comprehensive motor and nonmotor DBS outcomes at multiple time points and for a randomized trial of bilateral STN and GPI DBS. 相似文献
10.
Ju MK Choi GH Joo DJ Hur KH Choi J Kim MS Kim SI Kim YS 《Transplantation proceedings》2010,42(10):4286-4288
Right hepatectomy with the middle hepatic vein (MHV) affects venous return and function of the remaining liver. We compared the remnant liver volume in the donors of resection with or without the MHV on the remnant liver volume regeneration. Living donors who had undergone right hepatectomy without MHV (RH group; n = 36) and those with MHV (ERH group; n = 19) were reviewed. Volume regeneration of segments I-III, segment IV, and total remnant liver volume was assessed at postoperative day (POD) 7 and 30 using a computed tomography-based volumetry program. According to the measured volume data, we calculated the liver remnant volume and the rate of liver remnant volume increase. The regeneration rate of segment IV was significantly low in the ERH group compared with that in the RH group at POD 7 and POD 30 (160% vs 141%; P = .018 and 189% vs 154%; P = .007). In contrast, the regeneration rate of the total remnant liver volume was not significantly different between the 2 groups (173% vs 175%; P = .758 and 199% vs 198%; P = .880). In conclusion, extended right hepatectomy can be safely performed with careful preoperative evaluation without significant impairment of remnant liver regeneration. 相似文献