Comment on “Outcomes of curative liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis”

The present letter to the editor is in response to the research “Outcomes of curative liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis” by Elshaarawy et al in World J Gastroenterol 2021; 13(5): 424–439. The preoperative assessment of the liver reserve function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with cirrhosis is crucial, and there is no universal consensus on how to assess it. Based on a retrospective study, Elshaarawy et al investigated the impact of various classical clinical indicators on liver failure and the prognosis after hepatectomy in HCC patients with cirrhosis. We recommend that we should strive to explore new appraisal indicators, such as the indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min.     

脊髓小脑共济失调2型家系ATXN2基因中间重复病例表型与分子遗传学特征

目的探讨脊髓小脑共济失调2型(SCA2)致病基因ATXN2异常等位基因中间重复个体的表型和分子遗传学特点。方法针对2005—2018年中日友好医院神经科运动障碍与神经遗传病研究中心收集的1383个常染色体显性遗传共济失调家系的先证者和部分家系成员,采用荧光标记毛细管电泳片段分析方法进行动态突变检测,对携带ATXN2基因中间重复的个体进行临床表型和遗传特征分析。结果共检出163个家系(包含先证者和家系成员共203人)携带异常扩展的ATXN2基因CAG重复序列,其中93个家系中有107例的异常扩展等位基因重复次数在29~34次之间。在其中的20个亲子对中,父系遗传16个,异常等位基因的代间扩展增加0~28次,母系遗传4个,异常等位基因的代间扩展增加0~4次。结论对于临床拟诊SCA2家系患者,需对其亲代或成年子代个体进行ATXN2基因检测,以免漏诊。动态突变基因检测有助于识别中间重复的个体,对明确家系致病基因和遗传咨询至关重要。     

Hsa-miR-4282对肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721生长的影响

目的  探讨Hsa-miR-4282在肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721中的表达及其对细胞生长的影响。方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测Hsa-miR-4282在人正常肝上皮细胞系HL-7702和人肝癌细胞系MHCC97-H、SMMC-7721，以及 20例肝癌组织及其相应癌旁组织中的表达。采用瞬时转染法将Hsa-miR-4282 mimics（上调组）和Hsa-miR-4282 inhibitor（下调组）分别转染肝癌SMMC-7721细胞，上调组和下调组分别设置相应阴性对照组。转染后采用MTT法检测细胞增殖能力，平板克隆形成实验检测细胞克隆形成能力，流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡能力。结果 Hsa-miR-4282在肝癌组织、肝癌细胞MHCC97-H及肝癌细胞SMMC-7721中的表达均低于癌旁组织及正常肝细胞HL-7702（P＜0.05）。MTT实验结果显示，Hsa-miR-4282上调后肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的OD值低于其阴性对照组，而下调后OD值高于其阴性对照组 （P＜0.05）。平板克隆形成实验显示，下调组的细胞克隆数高于其阴性对照组［（240±7） 个 vs （191±10） 个，P=0.005）］，而上调组细胞克隆数低于基阴性对照组［（146±10） 个 vs （193±12） 个，P=0.013）］。流式细胞仪检测结果显示，Hsa-miR-4282上调组细胞凋亡率较其阴性对照组升高［（23.89±1.89）% vs（16.6±1.14）%，P=0.009）］，下调组细胞凋亡率较期阴性对照组降低［（14.98±0.46）% vs （17.79±0.73）%，P=0.010］。结论 Hsa-miR-4282上调可抑制肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖，促进细胞凋亡，可能与肝癌的发病机制有关。     

顶天立地服务需求 注重内涵创建一流——首都医科大学建校60周年教育教学与人才培养成果回顾

首都医科大学通过60年辛勤耕耘、精益求精，秉承“顶天立地”的人才培养理念，为社会培养了大批高水平的学术型与应用型医药卫生人才。回顾学校60年来本专科教育、全科医学教育、国际教育、研究生教育的人才培养成果，以总结经验并鼓舞全体首医人进一步求真务实、凝心聚力、积极进取、追求卓越，努力将学校建设成为国际一流的研究型医科大学。     

Influence of Fine Grains on the Bending Fatigue Behavior of Two Implant Titanium Alloys

By means of the ultrasonic surface impact (amplitude of 30 μm, strike number of 48,000 times/mm²), nanograins have been achieved in the surfaces of both Ti6Al4V(TC4) and Ti3Zr2Sn3Mo25Nb(TLM) titanium alloys, mainly because of the dislocation motion. Many mechanical properties are improved, such as hardness, residual stress, and roughness. The rotating–bending fatigue limits of TC4 and TLM subjected to ultrasonic impact are improved by 13.1% and 23.7%, separately. Because of the bending fatigue behavior, which is sensitive to the surface condition, cracks usually initiate from the surface defects under high stress amplitude. By means of an ultrasonic impact tip with the size of 8 mm, most of the inner cracks present at the zone with a depth range of 100~250 μm in the high life region. The inner crack core to TC4 usually appears as a deformed long and narrow α-phase, while the cracks in TLM specimens prefer to initiate at the triple grain boundary junctions. This zone crosses the grain refined layer and the deformed coarse grain layer. With the gradient change of elastic parameters, the model shows an increase of normal stress at this zone. Combined with the loss of plasticity and toughness, it is easy to understand these fatigue behaviors.     

出院过渡期老年心力衰竭患者相关症状及影响因素的纵向研究

目的调查老年心力衰竭患者出院过渡期心衰相关症状,分析其变化趋势及影响因素。方法采用Memorial心力衰竭症状评估量表、心脏病患者抑郁量表、照护负担问卷和家属照护者照护能力问卷,对219例老年心衰患者及主要家庭照护者,于患者出院前1～2 d、出院后1个月和3个月进行调查。结果患者的心衰相关症状随着出院过渡期的延长呈恶化趋势,与出院前1～2 d相比,出院后1个月和3个月患者的心衰症状总分及各维度得分显著提高(P0.01)。抑郁症状在出院后1个月得分最高(90.31±3.27),随着过渡时间的延长得分逐渐下降(P0.01)。回归分析显示,出院过渡期患者心衰相关症状受患者服药种类、心功能分级和照护能力的影响;抑郁受患者年龄、病程和住院次数的影响(P0.05,P0.01)。结论老年心衰患者出院过渡期心衰相关症状较差且呈动态变化,受多种因素影响。护理人员应该制定针对性的过渡期护理计划,减轻患者症状负担。     

晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染的病原学与危险因素分析

目的研究晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染的病原学特点,分析其危险因素,降低晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染率。方法选择2012年1月-2015年12月收治的532例晚期肺癌化疗患者为研究对象,采集患者痰液或呼吸道分泌物标本进行细菌培养,应用SAS 9.3软件进行统计分析,并分析晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结果 125例晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染,感染率为23.50%,其主要感染部位为呼吸道、胃肠道、口腔黏膜,分别占52.00%、15.20%、14.40%;共分离病原菌104株,其中革兰阴性菌51株占49.04%、革兰阳性菌30株占28.85%、真菌23株占22.11%;logistics回归显示,住院时间长、接受侵入性操作、使用抗菌药物是晚期肺癌化疗患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结论晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染率较高,主要病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,通过缩短患者住院时间、减少侵入性操作、合理使用抗菌药物等措施,降低晚期肺癌化疗患者医院感染的发生。     

Clinical analysis of peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) caused by lupus nephritis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, or primary glomerulonephritis who were treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and then withdrew PD because of renal recovery. Methods Data of the above patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were diagnosed as RPGN and received PD therapy in Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University from February 2009 to August 2018. The patients were divided into early withdrawal group (PD time≤183 days, n=24) and late withdrawal group (PD time＞183 day, n=24). The differences of clinical characteristics between the two groups were compared. The cumulative incidence of adverse events in both groups was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients. Results Forty-eight RPGN patients were included. The median time of maintaining PD was 178(76, 378) days. Compared with the late withdrawal group, the patients in early withdrawal group had lower levels of urine volume, serum albumin and parathyroid hormone, and lower rates of gross hematuria and hypertension at the beginning of PD, and received higher rates of methylprednisolone impulse, combined immunosuppressive agents, and hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy (all P＜0.05). At the time of PD withdrawal, the levels of serum creatinine, serum calcium, serum albumin and parathyroid hormone in the early withdrawal group were significantly lower than those in the late withdrawal group (all P＜0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that there was no significant difference in the cumulative survival of patients in both groups (log-rank test χ2=3.485, P=0.062). Cox regression analysis revealed serum creatinine≥209 μmol/L at the time of PD withdrawal was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (HR=5.253，95%CI 1.757-15.702, P=0.003). Conclusions PD can be used for RPGN patients caused by lupus nephritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis and primary nephritis. Serum creatinine≥209 μmol/L at the time of PD withdrawal is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.