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1.
ABSTRACT

Objective: Dry eye is reported to be associated with several neurological diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the patients with hemiplegia after stroke for dry eye and compare their results with a control group.

Materials and methods: Forty-five patients with hemiplegia and 45 individuals as the control group were included in the study. Tear function tests (Schirmer and tear breakup time) and a dry eye questionnaire for dry eye symptoms (ocular surface disease index) were performed and the results of the two groups were compared.

Results: Schirmer test results were significantly lower in the post-stroke hemiplegia group compared to the control group (11.3 ± 8.2 mm and 20.6 ± 11.6 mm, respectively, p < .001). Tear breakup time results were significantly lower in the post-stroke hemiplegia group compared to the control group (7.9 ± 3.1 s and 12.1 ± 4.3 s, respectively, p < .001). Ocular surface disease index scores were not significantly different between hemiplegia and control groups (21.6 ± 20.0 and 19.8 ± 13.9, respectively, p = .635). Schirmer scores lower than 10 mm (60% and 30%, p < .001) and tear breakup time results lower than 10 s (65.6% and 28.9%, p < .001) were also higher in the hemiplegia group compared to control group.

Conclusion: We found lower Schirmer test and tear breakup time results and similar OSDI scores in hemiplegia patients compared to controls. Hemiplegia patients may have dry eye without typical symptoms. This should be taken into consideration in the follow-up and rehabilitation of post-stroke hemiplegia patients.  相似文献   
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BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of long-term blood pressure (BP) reduction, achieved with salt restriction and strict volume control, on frequency and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. METHODS: 56 patients who had been treated for more than 2 years under our care were enrolled. After echocardiographic (Echo) evaluation, 46 patients were included in the follow-up study. In our unit, we aim to keep patients' BP below 130/85 mmHg and cardiothoracic index below 0.50. To reach these targets, moderate salt restriction is advised, and if necessary, hypertonic PD solutions are used. Echo was performed at the beginning of the study (after a mean period of 36 months on PD) and at the end of the prospective follow-up period (24 months later). RESULTS: At the time of the first Echo, LVH was detected in only 8 (21%) patients. Residual urine volume was significantly decreased compared to data taken when they first started PD (658 +/- 795 vs 236 +/- 307 mL/day). Mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was 107 +/- 26.5 g/m2. LVMI was significantly decreased at the end of the follow-up in patients who had LVH at baseline. No LVH developed in patients who had normal LVMI at baseline. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that control of hypertension is possible when extracellular fluid volume is kept under control using hypertonic PD solutions in case of recruitment in addition to salt restriction in long-term PD patients. Sustained normovolemia is associated with low incidence and regression of LVH.  相似文献   
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OBJECTIVE: The uncinate process (UP) is an important anatomic landmark in frontal recess surgery. Its superior attachment shows great anatomic variability. The agger nasi (AN) cell is another important structure that affects frontal recess anatomy and there is a close neighborhood between them. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between superior attachment type of UP and the presence of AN cell. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective anatomical study. METHOD: Computed tomography scans were evaluated of 486 sides of 243 patients who had had paranasal sinus. In 125 (26%) sides, the superior attachment of the UP could not be identified. In the remaining 361 (74%) sides, the prevalence of superior attachment of UP types and the presence of AN cell in each side were recorded. The results were evaluated with chi2 test. RESULTS: The AN cell was found in 290 (80.3%) of 361 sides. The prevalence of AN cell according to superior attachment of UP types were 79.6% for type 1/2, 90.1% for type 3, 71.4% for type 4, 86.5% for type 5, and 83.3% for type 6. The presence of AN cell according to superior attachment types of UP was not statistically significant (chi2= 3.54, P = 0.315). CONCLUSIONS: The AN cell was found to be present in 80.3% of the cases. However, the relationship between the presence of the AN cell and the superior attachment types of UP was not statistically significant.  相似文献   
5.
The present study evaluated99mTc(V) DMSA as an agent for the visualization of inflammatory lesions in comparison to99mTc(HI) DMSA and99mTc-HIG. All three radiopharmaceuticals were prepared with commercial kits.99mTc(V) DMSA was prepared at neutral pH by the addition of first bicarbonate and then pertechnetate to the kit contents. The labeling efficiency was 99% as determined by ITLC. Abscesses were induced by i.m. injection of 50 μl turpentine into the right thighs of 36 Swiss albino mice. Six days later 3.7 MBq of each radiopharmaceutical was i.v. administered to 12 mice. The mice were sacrificed at 1,3,6 and 24 h later. Scintigrams were obtained with a gamma camera. The abscesses were better visualized on scintigrams with99mTc(V) DMSA compared to99mTc(III) DMSA, starting at 1 h. The animals were dissected and the organs were removed, weighed and the radioactivity determined with a gamma counter. The abscess to other tissue ratios were higher with99mTc(V) DMSA than the other radiopharmaceuticals. The max. abscess/muscle ratios were 9.46 ± 3.20 (24 h), 4.19 ± 1.39 (6 h) and 5.98 ± 1.17 (24 h) and max. abscess/blood ratios were 6.22 ± 1.41, 4.09 ± 0.84 and 0.914 ± 0.351 all at 24 h for99mTc(V) DMSA,99mTc(III) DMSA and99mTc-HIG, respectively. Experimental arthritis was produced in 6 New Zealand white rabbits by intra-articular injection of ovalbumin. Four days later 37 MBq of99mTc(V) DMSA and99mTc-HIG were each i.v. administered to 3 rabbits. Scintigrams obtained at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h clearly demonstrated arthritic joints. ROFs over arthritic joints were compared to contralateral normal joints (A/C). The max. A/C ratios were 2.10 ± 0.31 (3 h) and 2.92 ± 0.99 (24 h) for99mTc(V) DMSA and99mTc-HIG, respectively. Our results indicated the feasibility of imaging inflammatory lesions with99mTc(V) DMSA.  相似文献   
6.
Ruggieri  PM; Laub  GA; Masaryk  TJ; Modic  MT 《Radiology》1989,171(3):785-791
The technique and feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of intracranial vessels were studied in 35 healthy volunteers. Variations in image orientation, repetition time (TR), and flip angle were evaluated to determine their effects on flow-related enhancement. Gradient modifications--including echo time (TE), motion compensation, bandwidth, and field of view--were also studied in an effort to reduce motion-induced phase shifts. Results indicated that a FISP (fast imaging with steady precession) sequence with a TR of 50 msec, TE of 15 msec, velocity compensation in the read and section-select directions, acceleration compensation in the read direction, anisotropic volume, and a 1.25-mm partition thickness produced three-dimensional angiographic MR images that were accurate and reproducible in the depiction of the major intracranial vessels. Difficulties with field of view, persistent signal void secondary to higher-order motion, and spatial resolution remain major problems requiring additional study.  相似文献   
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The leukocyte-endothelium interaction is known to contribute to reperfusion injury, which is considered to participate in the pathophysiology of pressure ulcers, and integrin alphaV beta3 (alphavbeta3) has been shown to mediate the processes of cellular adhesion in various types of cells. This study aims to clarify leukocyte behavior in our original microcirculatory pressure-induced reperfusion model, which can visualize the microcirculation in vivo. We also estimated the effect of alphavbeta3 integrin inhibition on the reduction of the leukocyte-endothelium interaction. Mice with dorsal skinfold chambers were divided into three groups: the baseline group (n=6), in which animals received no compression; the compression-reperfusion group (n=6), in which animals underwent 2-hour compression of the dorsal skin, followed by release, and the inhibitor-treated group (n=7), in which an alphavbeta3 inhibitor, CP4715, was administered in addition to the compression-release procedure. Staining with rhodamine 6G quantitatively visualized leukocyte behavior under the intravital fluorescent microscope. Compression-reperfusion induced a significant increase in rolling, sticking, and extravasation of the leukocytes. Treatment with the inhibitor strikingly reduced leukocyte sticking and extravasation. The present experiment has provided evidence that alphavbeta3 inhibition reduces leukocyte-endothelium interaction in our original pressure-induced reperfusion model.  相似文献   
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Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) andras mutations are known to play a significant role in controlling cell growth and tumor promotion. Both of them transmit mitogenic signals to the nucleus by activation of Raf-1 kinase. In this study, the expression of EGFR and mutant Ras proteins, and, for the first time, the expression, phosphorylation and kinase activity of Raf-1 kinase have been determined in paired samples of colorectal cancer and mucosa. The tumor and mucosa samples did not differ significantly with regard to Raf-1 kinase content and activity. A major difference between tumors and mucosa was found, however, in the phosphorylation of Raf-1. Most of the mucosa samples (13/20), but only 1/20 of the cancer samples, contained hyperphosphorylated Raf-1. EGFR were significantly (p=0.0025) decreased in the tumors. The decreased phosphorylation of Raf-1 in colonic carcinomas could be the result of activation of Raf-1 phosphatases or inactivation of kinases phosphorylating Raf-1. New forms of treatment based on EGFR overexpression do not seem to be suitable for the majority of colonic cancers.This work was supported by the state of Baden-Württemberg (Verbundforschungsprojekt: Aufklärung von Mechanismen der Tumorentstehung und Tumorabwehr).  相似文献   
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