Minimal intervention concept: a new paradigm for operative dentistry

The current treatment philosophy is to prevent and detect dental disease at the earliest stage in order to avoid invasive treatment. With the current understanding of the nature of dental disease and its process, the treatment philosophy is now changing to a more conservative approach and the concept of minimal intervention is gaining popularity in modern dentistry throughout the world. It is now established that demineralized but non-cavitated enamel and dentine can be healed and traditional surgical approach of drilling and filling may no longer be necessary as this only treats the symptoms of the disease and not the cause. However, when surgical intervention is indicated, the least invasive techniques such as preventive resin restoration and minimal cavity preparation are utilized. The aim of this article is to give dental professionals an overview of the concepts of minimal intervention dentistry and recent innovations in dental technology in both the diagnosis and treatment of dental caries.     

Acute vestibular neuritis: A rare complication after the adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine

Journal of NeuroVirology - Vestibular neuritis was first reported in 1952 by Dix and Hallpike, and 30% of patients reporting a flu-like symptom before acquiring the disorder. The most common causes...     

Multicenter Validation of the Revised Assessment of Bleeding and Transfusion (RABT) Score for Predicting Massive Transfusion

World Journal of Surgery - Massive transfusion (MT) is a lifesaving treatment for hemorrhaging patients. Predicting the need for MT is crucial to improve survival. The aim of our study was to...     

Metabolic syndrome and leptin concentrations in obese children

Objective Obesity and its complications including metabolic syndrome has been increased in children and adolescents recently. Leptin is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Methods The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of leptin and metabolic syndrome in obese Iranian children. A cross sectional study was carried out in 65 primary schools in Tehran. The children with waist circumferences equal or above 90^th percentile for their height and age were chosen for further evaluations. 505 children aged 7–12 years participated in the study. Anthropometric variables measurements, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and serum leptin were obtained from the study sample. Results Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in girls in comparison to the boys (with median 11.0 Vs 8.25 ng/dl; P value =0.007). Serum level of leptin were higher in children with metabolic syndrome (median 11.3 Vs 8.9 ng/dl; P value=0.045). However, after adjustment for sex, this association was removed. Conclusion Leptin did not appear to have a major role in metabolic syndrome, even though it was strongly associated with obesity parameters. More studies evaluating the relationship between leptin and metabolic syndrome in various ethnic groups are recommended.     

Ex-situ Bioremediation of Crude Oil in Soil, a Comparative Kinetic Analysis

Weathered crude oil (WCO) removals in shoreline sediment samples were monitored for 60 days in bioremediation experimentation. Experimental modeling was carried out using statistical design of experiments. At optimum conditions maximum of 83.13, 78.06 and 69.92% WCO removals were observed for 2, 16 and 30 g/kg initial oil concentrations, respectively. Significant variations in the crude oil degradation pattern were observed with respect to oil, nutrient and microorganism contents. Crude oil bioremediation were successfully described by a first-order kinetic model. The study indicated that the rate of hydrocarbon biodegradation increased with decrease of crude oil concentrations.