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排序方式: 共有459条查询结果,搜索用时 14 毫秒
1.
Niina S. Jalava Francisco R. Lopez-Picon Tiina-Kaisa Kukko-Lukjanov Irma E. Holopainen 《International journal of developmental neuroscience》2007,25(2):121-131
In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal expression patterns of the high-molecular weight (MAP2a and b) and low-molecular weight (MAP2c and d) cytoskeletal microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) isoforms with Western blotting, and the cellular localization of the high-molecular weight MAP2 isoforms with immunocytochemistry in the hippocampi of 1- to 21-day-old rats. Moreover, the temporal profile (from 30 min to 1 week) of MAP2 isoform reactivity to kainic acid-induced status epilepticus was studied in P9 rats. During development, the expression of the high-molecular weight MAP2 isoforms significantly increased, while the low-molecular weight isoforms decreased, the most prominent changes occurring during the second postnatal week. This developmental increase in the high-molecular weight MAP2 expression was also confirmed with immunocytochemistry, which showed increased immunoreactivity, particularly in the molecular layers of the dentate gyrus, and in CA1 and CA3 stratum radiatum. In 9-day-old rats, status epilepticus resulted in a rapid transient increase (about 210%) in the high-molecular weight MAP2 expression, without any effect on the low-molecular weight MAP2. Moreover, disturbed dendritic structure in the CA1 and CA3 stratum radiatum was manifested as formation of varicosities 3h after the kainic acid treatment. The strictly developmentally regulated MAP2 isoform expression suggests different functional roles for these proteins during the postnatal development in the rat hippocampus. Moreover, high-molecular weight MAP2s may play a role in nerve cell survival during cell stress. 相似文献
2.
3.
Glucose deprivation depolarizes plasma membrane of cultured astrocytes and collapses transmembrane potassium and glutamate gradients 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Primary cultures of astrocytes were used to investigate the effects of glucose deprivation on plasma membrane potential, on the respiration and on the energy status of these cells. Plasma membrane potential, as monitored with a cyanine dye, 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine, hyperpolarized by about 100% when glucose was added to substrate-deprived cells. The effect of glucose was prevented by iodoacetate or ouabain. In the absence of glucose, cellular adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratio was extensively reduced and pyruvate was unable either to restore energy status or to hyperpolarize the plasma membrane of astrocytes, although it was the preferential substrate for mitochondria within the cells. Glucose deprivation and inhibition of glycolysis or respiration in the presence of glucose caused dramatic decrease in transmembrane potassium ion and L-glutamate gradients. The gradients were not restored in the presence of pyruvate. Thus, aerobic glycolysis, rather than oxidation of pyruvate, is required to maintain maximal plasma membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratios as well as K+ and L-glutamate gradients. This evidence, together with the unresponsiveness of astrocyte respiration to ouabain, indicates a functional dissociation between energy dissipation at the plasma membrane and mitochondrial synthesis of adenosine triphosphate. The results are discussed with regard to the vulnerability of glia at low levels of blood glucose and the contribution of glial dysfunction to development of hypoglycaemic encephalopathy. 相似文献
4.
Determination of GABA receptor-linked Cl- fluxes in rat cerebellar granule cells using a fluorescent probe SPQ 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced Cl- fluxes in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells were measured using the chloride-sensitive fluorescent probe SPQ (6-methoxy-N-(3-sulphopropyl)quinolinium) incorporated into the cells. The fluorescence of SPQ is quenched by Cl-ions. GABA and pentobarbitone increased the fluorescence of the probe when the Cl- gradient was directed outward by bathing cells, grown in the presence of GABA, in a low Cl- medium. Picrotoxin and bicuculline inhibited the response to GABA. The results suggest that SPQ is a suitable probe for measuring GABA-induced Cl- fluxes in living cells. 相似文献
5.
T Jalonen S Johansson I Holopainen S S Oja P Arhem 《Acta physiologica Scandinavica》1989,136(4):611-612
6.
Marja Ala-Houhala Christer Holmberg Kai Rönnholm Aila Paganus Jarmo Laine Olli Koskimies 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1995,9(6):737-741
Alphacalcidol oral pulse therapy was given for secondary hyperparathyroidism to 22 children (mean age of 5.6 years) with renal insufficiency. At the beginning of the study, the glomerular filtration rate was <50% of normal, serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) was >100 ng/l and the serum phosphate and calcium concentrations were within the normal range. Alphacalcidol (0.5–3.0 g) was given orally thrice weekly in the evening and adjusted according to PTH, ionized calcium and phosphate concentrations. Serum PTH (mean ± SEM) decreased significantly from a pre-treatment level of 393±81 ng/l to 122±34 ng/l after 12 months, and stabilized at this level. Mean vitamin D metabolite concentrations were within the normal range. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D did not increase during therapy, while PTH decreased. The estimated creatinine clearance remained almost unchanged (20±3 and 21±6 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Growth remained low normal (height standard deviation score –1.8±0.3 initially and –1.7±0.4 12 months later) and bone mineral density did not decrease. We concluded that feedback regulation of PTH with oral alphacalcidol pulse therapy is effective in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism in children with renal failure prior to dialysis. 相似文献
7.
Pierre Carmona Christian von Corswant Magnus Rding Aila Srkk Eva Olsson Niklas Lorn 《RSC advances》2022,12(40):26078
Porous phase-separated ethylcellulose/hydroxypropylcellulose (EC/HPC) films are used to control drug transport out of pharmaceutical pellets. The films are applied on the pellets using fluidized bed spraying. The drug transport rate is determined by the structure of the porous films that are formed as the water-soluble HPC leaches out. However, a detailed understanding of the evolution of the phase-separated structure during production is lacking. Here, we have investigated EC/HPC films produced by spin-coating, which mimics the industrial manufacturing process. This work aimed to understand the structure formation and film shrinkage during solvent evaporation. The cross-sectional structure evolution was characterized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), profilometry and image analysis. The effect of the EC/HPC ratio on the cross-sectional structure evolution was investigated. During shrinkage of the film, the phase-separated structure undergoes a transition from 3D to nearly 2D structure evolution along the surface. This transition appears when the typical length scale of the phase-separated structure is on the order of the thickness of the film. This was particularly pronounced for the bicontinuous systems. The shrinkage rate was found to be independent of the EC/HPC ratio, while the initial and final film thickness increased with increasing HPC fraction. A new method to estimate part of the binodal curve in the ternary phase diagram for EC/HPC in ethanol has been developed. The findings of this work provide a good understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the morphology development and allow tailoring of thin EC/HPC films structure for controlled drug release.The EC/HPC/EtOH phase diagram could be estimated from the CLSM monitoring of the cross-sectional in situ phase separation. The findings of this work provide a good understanding of the structure evolution. 相似文献
8.
Aila Pikkarainen Katja Vähäsantanen Susanna Paloniemi Anneli Eteläpelto 《Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy》2015,22(6):424-434
Aims: This study investigates gerontological rehabilitation sessions of Finnish rehabilitees in the framework of life-course agency from the perspectives of temporal orientation and agency. Methods: The research data were obtained by non-participatory observation in 11 individual goal-setting sessions between 11 rehabilitees and their personal counsellors. The data were analysed in accordance with data-driven, qualitative content and narrative analysis, with an emphasis on the life-course agency approach. Results: Four temporal orientations of older rehabilitees were identified in the rehabilitation sessions: (i) timeless, (ii) past, (iii) present, and (iv) life course. For each temporal orientation, the rehabilitees displayed different kinds of agency. Fractured agency was intertwined with the timeless orientation, frozen agency was related to the past orientation, practical agency to the present orientation, and transitional agency emerged in relation to the life-course orientation. Conclusions: The article contributes to the discussion of how older adults’ rehabilitation should be reformed within the Finnish context. The study suggests that a person-centred gerontological rehabilitation process should be conceptualized in terms of an agency-based approach with a personally constructed and temporally embedded life-course perspective. This kind of conceptualizing could promote empowered cooperation and innovative interventions with flexible schedules in the rehabilitation processes of older adults. 相似文献
9.
White adipose tissue is one of the largest organs of the body. It plays a key role in whole‐body energy status and metabolism; it not only stores excess energy but also secretes various hormones and metabolites to regulate body energy balance. Healthy adipose tissue capable of expanding is needed for metabolic well‐being and to prevent accumulation of triglycerides to other organs. Mitochondria govern several important functions in the adipose tissue. We review the derangements of mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue in the obese state. Downregulation of mitochondrial function or biogenesis in the white adipose tissue is a central driver for obesity‐associated metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial functions compromised in obesity include oxidative functions and renewal and enlargement of the adipose tissue through recruitment and differentiation of adipocyte progenitor cells. These changes adversely affect whole‐body metabolic health. Dysfunction of the white adipose tissue mitochondria in obesity has long‐term consequences for the metabolism of adipose tissue and the whole body. Understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial dysfunction may help reveal targets for pharmacological or nutritional interventions that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis or function in adipose tissue. 相似文献
10.
Aila Menezes Ferreira Rodolfo Borges Reis Plinio Prizon Kajiwara Gyl Eanes Barros Silva Jorge EliasJr Valdair Francisco Muglia 《Abdominal imaging》2016,41(10):2011-2019