微信公众平台辅助公共卫生实践技能教学初探

随着信息化大数据时代的来临,移动互联网技术在高校教育领域的应用日益广泛,微信公众平台也逐步成为实现线上线下混合式教学的重要途径。公共卫生实践技能课程是高校预防医学专业本科生必修课之一,具有较强的实践性和操作性。基于该课程构建的微信公众平台集课程辅助、知识拓展、交流评价等功能于一体,在课程教授及学生自主训练等过程中能够充分发挥其辅助功能,加强师生之间的交流互动,激发学生自主学习的积极性和主动性,有利于学生综合能力的提高。     

256层CT灌注成像评价兔失神经支配缺血后肢急性期毛细血管床血容量的动态变化

目的 探讨兔失神经支配缺血后肢急性期毛细血管床血容量(blood volume,BV)动态变化及256层CT灌注成像的评估价值.方法 健康成年大耳白兔40只,采用数字表法随机分为联合造模组、缺血组、失神经组和假手术组,每组10只.分别制作右后肢股动脉切除联合股神经离断、单纯股动脉切除、单纯股神经离断及单纯分离股动脉假手术模型.于术后第1、7、14、21和28天行256层CT灌注扫描,计算各组右后肢与左后肢肌肉组织的BV比值(rBV).于术后第14和28天各组采用数字表法随机处死动物4只,分别切取双侧内收肌进行免疫组织化学染色,计算右后肢与左后肢内收肌毛细血管密度比值(rMVD).各组不同时点rBV采用2×2析因设计方差分析,采用Pearson相关分析rBV与内收肌rMVD的相关性.结果 术后第1天,联合造模组、缺血组、失神经组和假手术组rBV分别为0.31 ±0.15(6只)、0.29±0.12(6只)、0.98±0.08(6只)、0.98±0.07(6只),术后第7天分别为1.69±0.45(5只)、1.63±0.43(6只)、0.99±0.07(6只)、1.00±0.08(6只),术后第14天分别为1.58±0.18(5只)、1.49±0.25(6只)、0.94±0.08(6只)、1.01±0.05(6只),术后第21天分别为1.42±0.41(4只)、1.43 ±0.31(4只)、0.94 ±0.05(5只)、1.02±0.05(5只),术后第28天分别为1.00±0.25(4只)、0.99±0.08(4只)、0.92±0.09(5只)、1.02±0.13(5只),除术后第28天外(F(A)=0.214,P>0.05),缺血因素对灌注参数rBV的影响具有主效应(F(A)值分别为274.268、30.044、65.787、18.886,P值均<0.01),而单纯失神经因素在各时点均未表现出主效应,两因素在各时点均无交互作用.各组rMVD支持上述改变;rBV与rMVD的相关系数为r=0.862(P<0.01).结论 兔后肢缺血后急性期毛细血管床血流灌注表现呈动态变化,合并失神经支配时,并未影响此过程.256层CT可以无侵袭性、半定量评估兔失神经缺血后肢急性期毛细血管床的动态变化.     

256层CT灌注成像评价兔失神经支配缺血后肢急性期毛细血管床血容量的动态变化

Objective To investigate the capillary blood volume (BV) changes in acute ischemic denervated hindlimb of rabbits and the value of 256-slice detector computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging in evaluation.Methods A total of 40 healthy, adult white rabbits underwent either right hindlimb femoral artery excision combined femoral nerve denervation (combined modeling group, n = 10), simple femoral artery excision (iachemia group, n = 10), simple femoral nerve denervation (denervation group,n = 10), or simple femoral artery separation (sham-surgery group, n = 10).At 1,7, 14, 21, and 28 days following surgery, CT perfusion scanning (Philips Brilliance 256-row) was performed and CT perfusion images were processed using maximum-slope method with Function CT software on EBW workstation.The ratio of BV (rBV) in muscle tissue between right and left hindlimbs was calculated in each group.At 14 and 28 days, following sacrifice, rabbit bilateral adductor was harvested for immunohistochemical staining.The ratio of microvessei density (rMVD) in muscle tissue between right and left hindlimbs was calculated.The significance of the difference of rBV at each time point was assessed using analysis of variance of factorial design (2 ×2).Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between rBV and rMVD.Results After surgery, the 1st day rBV of combined modeling group, combined modeling group,denervation group and sham-surgery group is 0.31 ± 0.15 ( n = 6), 0.29 ± 0.12 (n = 6), 0.98 ± 0.08 ( n =6), 0.98 ± 0.07 ( n = 6) respectively.The 7th day following surgery rBV is 1.69 ± 0.45 ( n = 5 ), 1.63 ±0.43(n=6), 0.99 ±0.07(n =6), 1.00 ±0.08(n =6).The 14th day is respectively 1.58 ±0.18(n=5), 1.49 ±0.25(n =6), 0.94 ±0.08(n =6), 1.01 ±0.05(n =6).The 21th day is 1.42 ±0.41 (n=4),1.43 ±0.31(n=4), 0.94 ±0.05(n =5), 1.02 ±0.05(n =5),and the 28th day is 1.00 ±0.25(n=4),0.99 ±0.08(n=4), 0.92 ±0.09(n =5), 1.02 ±0.13(n=5).At each time point with exception of postoperative 28 days(F(A) =0.214,P>0.05), ischemia produced main effects on rBV(F(A) =274.268,30.044,65.787,18.886 ,P < 0.01 ), while simple denervation did not show main effects on each time point.Ischemia and denervation did not yield interaction effects on each time point, rMVD from each group supported above-mentioned changes.The correlation coefficient of rBV to rMVD was r = 0.862 ( P < 0.01 ).Conclusions BV in acute ischemic denervated hindlimb of rabbits shows a dynamic change, and denervation does not obviously influence this process.256-slice detector CT perfusion imaging can be used to noninvasively and semi-quantitatively evaluate the dynamic changes of capillary bed in acute ischemie denervated hindlimb of rabbits.     

256层CT灌注成像评价兔失神经支配缺血后肢急性期毛细血管床血容量的动态变化

Objective To investigate the capillary blood volume (BV) changes in acute ischemic denervated hindlimb of rabbits and the value of 256-slice detector computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging in evaluation.Methods A total of 40 healthy, adult white rabbits underwent either right hindlimb femoral artery excision combined femoral nerve denervation (combined modeling group, n = 10), simple femoral artery excision (iachemia group, n = 10), simple femoral nerve denervation (denervation group,n = 10), or simple femoral artery separation (sham-surgery group, n = 10).At 1,7, 14, 21, and 28 days following surgery, CT perfusion scanning (Philips Brilliance 256-row) was performed and CT perfusion images were processed using maximum-slope method with Function CT software on EBW workstation.The ratio of BV (rBV) in muscle tissue between right and left hindlimbs was calculated in each group.At 14 and 28 days, following sacrifice, rabbit bilateral adductor was harvested for immunohistochemical staining.The ratio of microvessei density (rMVD) in muscle tissue between right and left hindlimbs was calculated.The significance of the difference of rBV at each time point was assessed using analysis of variance of factorial design (2 ×2).Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between rBV and rMVD.Results After surgery, the 1st day rBV of combined modeling group, combined modeling group,denervation group and sham-surgery group is 0.31 ± 0.15 ( n = 6), 0.29 ± 0.12 (n = 6), 0.98 ± 0.08 ( n =6), 0.98 ± 0.07 ( n = 6) respectively.The 7th day following surgery rBV is 1.69 ± 0.45 ( n = 5 ), 1.63 ±0.43(n=6), 0.99 ±0.07(n =6), 1.00 ±0.08(n =6).The 14th day is respectively 1.58 ±0.18(n=5), 1.49 ±0.25(n =6), 0.94 ±0.08(n =6), 1.01 ±0.05(n =6).The 21th day is 1.42 ±0.41 (n=4),1.43 ±0.31(n=4), 0.94 ±0.05(n =5), 1.02 ±0.05(n =5),and the 28th day is 1.00 ±0.25(n=4),0.99 ±0.08(n=4), 0.92 ±0.09(n =5), 1.02 ±0.13(n=5).At each time point with exception of postoperative 28 days(F(A) =0.214,P>0.05), ischemia produced main effects on rBV(F(A) =274.268,30.044,65.787,18.886 ,P < 0.01 ), while simple denervation did not show main effects on each time point.Ischemia and denervation did not yield interaction effects on each time point, rMVD from each group supported above-mentioned changes.The correlation coefficient of rBV to rMVD was r = 0.862 ( P < 0.01 ).Conclusions BV in acute ischemic denervated hindlimb of rabbits shows a dynamic change, and denervation does not obviously influence this process.256-slice detector CT perfusion imaging can be used to noninvasively and semi-quantitatively evaluate the dynamic changes of capillary bed in acute ischemie denervated hindlimb of rabbits.     

基于虚拟仿真实验的化妆品检验与安全性评价实验教学改革探讨

虚拟仿真实验是利用虚拟仿真技术对实验过程、实验仪器进行模拟,具有直观性、共享性、节约成本等优点。由于化妆品检验与安全性评价传统实验形式单一,易受实验时间、场所、经费的限制,因此本研究尝试将虚拟仿真实验应用于化妆品检验与安全性评价实验教学,从优选实验项目、组织开展虚拟仿真实验、教学效果评价三个方面阐述,探讨虚拟仿真实验在化妆品检验与安全性评价实验教学中的应用。     

居室内灰尘甲状腺激素干扰活性及其成分分析

目的 利用细胞受体转录激活试验,研究居室内灰尘有机抽提物的甲状腺激素干扰活性,并分析其中可能的化学物质组成。方法 利用HEK-293细胞,将重组报告基因质粒pUAS-tk-Luc、表达质粒Gal4-L-TRβ和SofastTM转染试剂转染到细胞中。灰尘有机提取物用培养基稀释成不同浓度后与5 nmol/L三碘甲状腺原氨酸（triiodothyronin 3,T3）一起加入细胞培养板,利用荧光素酶报告基因检测仪检测荧光素酶的表达量。同时,测定5类可能影响体内甲状腺激素平衡的有机化合物。结果 随着受试液浓度的升高,荧光素酶的表达量降低,细胞内T3的活性降低,线性趋势检验P<0.001,10.00和20.00 mg灰尘/ml浓度组荧光素酶表达量均低于5 nmol/L T3阳性对照组,P分别为0.012,0.002。化学分析显示居室内灰尘中常见内分泌干扰物质含量分别为:多环芳烃类0.2~3.7 μg/g,邻苯二甲酸酯类未检出（not detected,ND）~117.4 μg/g,多溴联苯醚类ND~1.0 μg/g,多氯联苯类1.0~25.0 ng/g,酚类ND~32.5 μg/g。结论 室内灰尘有机抽提物能够干扰甲状腺激素活性,提示儿童早期室内灰尘暴露对儿童神经发育有潜在的影响。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织病理改变的影响因素

目的 了解影响谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)正常和轻度异常的慢性乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)患者肝组织病理学特征的因素.方法 对句容市人民医院2008年09月～ 2013年05月的住院慢性乙肝患者的治疗数据进行分析,根据肝组织病理炎症或者纤维化是否达到2级(期),把52例ALT≤2 x ULN的慢性乙型肝炎患者分为两组,比较不同年龄、血生化指标和病毒学指标之间的差异.结果 肝组织高纤维化或炎症组白蛋白(albumin,ALB)水平低于低纤维化或炎症组,且差异有统计学意义(t=2.45,P=0.018).HBeAg阴性患者的ALT、谷草转氨酶(casparate aminotrans ferase,AST)及总胆红素(total bilirubin,Tbil)均高于阳性患者,但差异均无统计学意义(均有P＞0.05).年龄、ALT、AST、Tbil及血清病毒载量对肝组织病理学改变均无影响(均有P＞0.05).结论 白蛋白水平的下降和HBeAg阴性有助于预测肝组织病理学改变特征.     

腹部脏器CT灌注成像临床应用现状与展望

自从Axel在1980年首先提出了CT灌注成像(computer lomography perfusion,CTP)的理论,即通过常规CT动态增强来计算组织灌注状态,1991年Miles等将此项技术应用于肝、脾、肾等腹部实质器官的灌注评价.近年来,随着螺旋CT的发展,扫描长轴方向空间分辨率和扫描速度的提高,灌注CT由单层动态发展到多层容积灌注,使CT成像技术不仅能够清晰显示组织器官和病变组织生理和病理解剖形态信息,而且可以无创、定量或半定量评估组织器官的血流动力学状态及其功能情况.目前,CTP已广泛应用于临床,本文阐述了其在肝脏、胰腺、肾脏灌注成像中的应用.     

乙型肝炎病毒父婴垂直传播及预防免疫的临床研究

目的:探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)父婴垂直传播(P-FT)的关系及预防措施。方法:选取2002年3月~2005年6月因婚检筛查丈夫血清HBV-DNA阳性,妻子无HBV感染的病例。以乙肝疫苗(HBVac)免疫至抗-HBs抗体阳性后再妊娠的17例夫妇作为研究组,自孕28周起每4周肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白(HB IG)200 U至产前。另筛选入院时孕妇无HBV感染(乙肝两对半各指标均阴性),而丈夫血清HBV-DNA(+)的21例夫妇作为对照组。两组新生儿均于出生后24 h内采血检测血清HBV-DNA及抗-HBs抗体,观察两组新生儿HBV感染率及抗-HBs抗体阳性率。结果:研究组新生儿HBV感染率为17.65%(3/17),明显低于对照组的47.62%(10/21),差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);研究组抗-HBs抗体阳性率为52.94%(9/17),明显高于对照组的0(0/21),差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:HBV存在父婴垂直传播而引起宫内感染,孕前肌注乙肝疫苗,孕晚期肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白可有效预防HBV的父婴垂直传播。