鼻咽癌颈部转移性淋巴结的超声造影特征及时间强度曲线分析

Objective To study the character of cervical lymph nodes metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) by contrast-enhanced uhrasonography(CEUS) and time-intensity curve. Methods Forty-one lymph nodes of metastasis from 32 patients were studied by CEUS. The enhancement of echogenicity was evaluated,and the time-intensity curve was analyzed. Results Of the 41 lymph nodes examined, 10 (24.4%) showed intense homogeneous enhancement by CEUS, 23 (56.1%) showed inhomogeneous enhancement and 8 (19.5 %) showed scarce intranodal enhancement. There were 20 (48.8%) lymph nodes showed necrosis. Most of the lymph nodes (92.7%) showed peripheral type blood flow, 3 (7.3) % showed mixed type blood flow. There were significant differences in them(P < 0.01). The time-intensity curve displayed steeply in upslope, and gently in decent. The arrival time(AT), time to peak(TTP), peak intensity (PI) ,area and gradient were (7.2±2.5)s,(7.6±2.3)s,(9.5±3.3)dB,(203.4±45.7)dB· s,1.2±0.5 respectively. Between the lymph nodes with envelope infringed and not, there were significant differences in PI and area, while there were not significant differences in AT, TTP and gradient. Conclusions The metastasis cervical lymph nodes of NPC had specific character by CEUS and time-intensity curve. In this way,it may help us to diagnosis cervical lymph nodes metastasis of NPC,and provide more information for the therapy and prognosis judgement.     

乳腺癌彩色多普勒超声显像与ER、PR、CerbB-2的表达及意义

[目的]探讨乳腺癌雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)及CerbB-2的表达与彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)的关系及其意义.[方法]对术前应用彩色多普勒超声检查的251例乳腺癌患者术后的肿瘤标本应用免疫组化法检测ER、PR及CerbB-2蛋白表达.[结果]在乳腺癌彩色多普勒超声显示肿块≥2cm及肿块＜2cm组中的ER、PR阳性表达率差异无显著性(P＞0.05);而超声显示血流分级2～3级、淋巴结转移阳性、肿瘤侵犯周边组织的病例中,其ER、PR阳性率明显低于血流分级0～1级、淋巴结转移阴性和周边组织无肿瘤侵犯病例(P＜0.05);而CerbB-2阳性率则高于对应病例(P＜0.05).[结论]乳腺癌彩色多普勒显像与CerbB-2、ER、PR的表达具有相关性,两者结合对于评价乳腺癌预后具有重要意义.     

三维超声成像对乳腺癌外科手术的指导价值

 目的 探讨三维超声成像对乳腺癌外科手术的指导意义。方法 对68例经病理证实的乳腺癌患者，手术前用二维及三维超声观察乳腺肿瘤情况。结果 三维超声成像不仅能提高乳腺癌的超声诊断符合率[符合率94.1 %，高于二维（88.2 %）]，还可以清晰显示乳腺癌肿块形态结构及其与周边临近组织的立体关系及浸润层次等，如肿瘤侵犯皮肤、胸肌、胸壁等情况（显示率分别为75.0 %，63.6 %，60.0 %），且对乳腺癌肿内血流分布及走行情况显示更清晰、敏感（显示率达95.6 %）。结论 三维超声成像能更充分地表现肿瘤的形态结构、毗邻关系及血流分布情况, 对乳腺癌外科手术有着重要的指导意义。     

鼻咽癌颈部转移性淋巴结的超声造影特征及时间强度曲线分析

Objective To study the character of cervical lymph nodes metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) by contrast-enhanced uhrasonography(CEUS) and time-intensity curve. Methods Forty-one lymph nodes of metastasis from 32 patients were studied by CEUS. The enhancement of echogenicity was evaluated,and the time-intensity curve was analyzed. Results Of the 41 lymph nodes examined, 10 (24.4%) showed intense homogeneous enhancement by CEUS, 23 (56.1%) showed inhomogeneous enhancement and 8 (19.5 %) showed scarce intranodal enhancement. There were 20 (48.8%) lymph nodes showed necrosis. Most of the lymph nodes (92.7%) showed peripheral type blood flow, 3 (7.3) % showed mixed type blood flow. There were significant differences in them(P < 0.01). The time-intensity curve displayed steeply in upslope, and gently in decent. The arrival time(AT), time to peak(TTP), peak intensity (PI) ,area and gradient were (7.2±2.5)s,(7.6±2.3)s,(9.5±3.3)dB,(203.4±45.7)dB· s,1.2±0.5 respectively. Between the lymph nodes with envelope infringed and not, there were significant differences in PI and area, while there were not significant differences in AT, TTP and gradient. Conclusions The metastasis cervical lymph nodes of NPC had specific character by CEUS and time-intensity curve. In this way,it may help us to diagnosis cervical lymph nodes metastasis of NPC,and provide more information for the therapy and prognosis judgement.     

超声引导在局部麻醉中的应用

在过去十几年内,由于医师对超声解剖学的认识及技术的日臻成熟,超声引导下的局部神经阻滞麻醉得到国内外麻醉界的重视。最近的研究亦表明在高频超声直视下局部注射麻醉剂能够有效的提高麻醉质量及明显的降低传统神经阻滞引起的并发症。高频超声引导能够使麻醉师实时的感觉针道的位置及麻醉剂的实时分布情况,提高了阻滞的安全性、改善了阻滞效果和患者的舒适性。本文综述主要介绍超声引导下麻醉术在几类应用方面的理论和操作。相信这项技术有一定的潜力,对未来麻醉学的发展也有一定的启示。     

桥本氏甲状腺炎对甲状腺癌超声诊断的影响研究

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨桥本氏甲状腺炎（HT）对甲状腺恶性肿瘤的超声诊断是否有影响。［方法］ 回顾分析术前诊断甲状腺占位且经术后病理证实患者589例。根据有无伴桥本氏甲状腺炎将研究对象分成HT组与非HT组。依据术后甲状腺占位的病理结果,对比分析两组术前超声诊断甲状腺结节性质的能力,并分析桥本氏甲状腺炎对甲状腺癌声学特征包括低回声、微钙化灶、无声晕、纵横比失调、外形不规则、边界不清的影响。［结果］ HT组患者甲状腺癌（TC）的发生率为58.0%(76/131),非HT组甲状腺癌的发生率为51.1%(234/458)（P>0.05）。HT组与非HT组在超声各恶性声学鉴别特征上均没有明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。［结论］ 桥本氏甲状腺炎对甲状腺癌灶声像特征的判断没有影响。     

肝癌射频消融个体化治疗进展

射频消融治疗已成为肝癌最常用的非手术治疗方法,其创伤小、见效快,可以重复治疗,在临床有很好的应用前景,但射频消融术后较高的复发率仍是临床关注的焦点。肝癌射频消融治疗要进行充分的术前评估,通过三维适形、数字建模及多种疗法的联合应用,制定个体化的治疗方案及策略,从而有效降低复发,提高疗效。     

超声造影在乳腺癌诊治中的研究进展

随着超声技术的发展,超声造影剂对血管显示的特殊敏感性和特异性,使超声造影在乳腺癌的诊断和治疗上均有较大发展。全文综述超声造影在乳腺癌诊治中的研究进展。     

超声结合针吸活检在判断甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结复发转移中的应用价值

目的 评价超声结合超声引导下细针抽吸细胞学检查在甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结转移中的诊断价值.方法 对132例甲状腺癌术后患者的148枚淋巴结行超声检查,同时对淋巴结在超声引导下行细针抽吸细胞学检查,分析甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结的超声特征表现.结果 148枚淋巴结中有119枚淋巴结为转移性.占穿刺淋巴结的80.4%,非转移性淋巴结29枚,占19.6%.转移性淋巴结中有34.5%出现在Ⅲ组,有40.3%出现在Ⅳ组.转移性淋巴结表现为类圆形,呈等回声或偏高回声结节,回声分布不均匀,淋巴结内部有钙化,血流信号2～3级.若根据超声表现为短轴/长轴〉0.5,回声分布不均,淋巴结内部有钙化,淋巴结内血流信号2～3级其病理诊断为转移性和非转移性两组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.结论 甲状腺癌术后颈部转移淋巴结在形态、内部回声结构及血流分布等方面有较为特征性表现,同时结合超声引导下的细针抽吸细胞学检查可对颈部淋巴结的病理性质作出正确判断.