双源CT头颈联合双能量动脉成像肺动脉干监测优化方案研究

目的 探讨肺动脉干监测方案在双源CT头颈部联合双能量CTA成像中的应用价值.方法 60例行头颈部双能量CTA的患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,A组(优化方案组,30例)监测点位于肺动脉主干、阈值150 HU、触发延迟时间为8～9s,螺距0.9,碘海醇(350 mg I/ml)60 ～65 ml;B组(常规方案组,30例)监测点位于主动脉弓、阈值100 HU、触发延迟时间为5 s,碘海醇(350 mg I/ml)60～70 ml.体质量＜75 kg的患者注射流率为4.0 ml/s,体质量≥75 kg或体质量指数(BMI) ≥27 kg/m2者注射流率采用4.5 ml/s,对比剂注射完后以相同流率追加注射40 ml生理盐水.测量2组患者两侧颈总动脉、颈内外动脉、椎基底动脉、大脑中动脉水平段、注射对比剂侧锁骨下静脉、颈静脉近中远段、直窦、上矢状窦的强化CT值.2名有经验的医师采用双能量自动去骨软件、Inspace软件和3D后处理软件,行VR、MIP、CPR成像,双盲法评价CTA图像质量,评价注射对比剂侧锁骨下静脉对比剂残留伪影、头颈部静脉回流等对动脉显影的影响.应用独立样本t检验比较2组图像的CT值、图像质量评分分值等,应用卡方检验比较2组图像对比剂残留伪影、颈根部动脉起始处缺如段数、颈静脉回流严重程度等.结果 两组动脉各段CT值为372 ～414 HU,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞ 0.05).A组左、右两侧颈静脉内近、中、远段强化CT值[分别为(95±36)、(95±36)HU,(131±58)、(133±57)HU,(174±68)、180±66) HU]明显低于B组[分别为(135±58)、(137±59)HU,(170±58)、(181±58) HU,(218±62)、(224±68) HU],两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(t值为-3.30 ～-2.54,P值均＜0.05).A组注射对比剂侧锁骨下静脉对比剂残留伪影例数(5例)及颈根部动脉起始处缺如段数(11段)少于B组(12例,24段),差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为4.02、5.65,P值均＜0.05).颈内静脉显影程度A组颈总动脉分叉以下轻微5例、严重1例,分叉以上轻微15例、严重9例;B组分叉以下显影轻微9例、严重6例,分叉以上显影轻微12例、严重17例,优化方案能显著减少颈内静脉对颈部动脉显示的干扰(x2分别为6.79、6.37,P值均＜0.05).图像质量评分A组(3.84±0.40)分高于B组(3.64±0.63)分,差异具有统计学意义(=4.26,P＜0.05).结论 肺动脉干监测结合60 ～65 ml对比剂优化双能量头颈部CTA成像方案可以显著减轻颈静脉回流和注射对比剂侧锁骨下静脉对比剂残留伪影,获得良好的图像质量,有一定的临床应用价值.     

不同对比剂用量方案在双源CT冠状动脉成像及心脏结构显示方面的研究

目的:选择适宜的对比剂用量,改善双源CT冠状动脉成像时对心脏结构的显示能力。方法:160例接受Defini-tion第一代双源CT冠脉CTA检查的患者随机分为4组,对比剂用量分别为:A组=采集时间×注射流速(X ml),B组=(X+5)ml,C组=(X+10)ml,D组=[X+(15～20)]ml。各组均采用碘海醇(350mgI/ml),体质量<75kg者注射流率为4.8～5.0ml/s;体质量≥75kg者注射流率为5.5ml/s。应用Circulation分析软件,采用双盲法评价图像质量。分别测量各组冠状动脉各段、左右心室CT值,观察并记录对比剂伪影及严重程度、对比剂混合液是否均匀、室间隔显示是否清晰等。采用单因素方差分析法(One-way ANOVA)比较组间CT值、图像质量评分等有无差异,采用χ2检验比较室间隔等结构显示情况及对比剂伪影等。结果:各组间一般情况、质量评分、冠脉各段和左心室CT值等差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。右心室腔内CT值A、B、C、D组分别为(142.1±35.5)HU、(144.4±43.5)HU、(186.1±66.1)HU、(223.3±119.3)HU,C组与A、B、D组间差异均有统计学意义。各组室间隔尚能分辨(2分)的例数差异无统计学意义,但C、D组显示清晰(3分)的例数多于A、B组;C组条状伪影少于D组。综合分析,C组对比剂方案优于其他组。结论:本研究采用个性化的对比剂方案,对比剂用量=扫描采集时间×流率+10ml,结合患者体质量和体质量指数(BMI)计算对比剂注射流率,可以获得良好的冠脉CTA图像及较为满意的心脏结构、肺动脉显示效果,有一定临床应用价值。     

中低心率患者在双源CT低管电压冠状动脉成像中的图像质量及辐射剂量

目的 探讨中低心率对双源CT低管电压冠状动脉成像的图像质量及辐射剂量的影响.方法 对85例体质量指数(BMI)为17.51～30.00 kg/m2、心率在91次/min(bpm)以下的可疑冠心病患者进行双源CT低管电压(100 kVp)回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像增强扫描,检查前不使用β受体阻滞剂控制心率.按患者扫描时的心率进行分组,≤59 bpm为A组(27例),60～69 bpm为B组(29例),≥70 bpm为C组(29例).评价各组的最佳重建时相图像,记录各组的增强扫描序列的螺距、CT容积剂量指数(CTDvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(ED)值.应用单因素方差分析比较3组患者的扫描螺距、图像质量评分和辐射剂量值等.分析心率对冠状动脉成像图像质量及辐射剂量的影响.结果 A、B、C组螺距分别为0.241±0.025、0.286±0.034、0.335±0.036;3组图像质量评分分别为(4.78±0.26)、(4.66±0.56)、(4.70±0.46)分;CTDIvol值分别为(18.06±5.16)、(19.62±7.15)和(17.50±7.13)mGy,ED值分别为(4.23±1.16)、(4.59±1.75)、(4.12±1.39)mSv.3组的螺距差异有统计学意义(F=60.00,P=0.00);3组间的图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(F=0.53,P=0.59);3组间CTDIvol差异无统计学意义(F=0.83,P=0.44),ED差异也无统计学意义(F=0.86,P=0.43).结论 中低心率对双源CT低管电压冠状动脉成像的图像质量影响很小,在自动心电门控剂量窗时,对辐射剂量的影响也很小.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the imaging quality and radiation doses of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography at a low tube voltage in patients with medium and low heart rate.Methods Eighty-five patients[heart rate (HR) ＜ 91 beats per minute (bpm); body mass index (BMI) 17. 51-30. 00 kg/m2]suspected of coronary artery disease received retrospectively ECG-gating coronary angiography with dual-source CT scanner (Somatom Definition, Siemens) at a tube voltage of 100 kVp. For all patients, no beta-blocker was used before CT scan. According to the HR, the patients were divided into three groups: Group A, HR ≤ 59 bpm, n = 27; Group B, HR 60-69 bpm, n = 29; Group C,HR ≥70 bpm, n = 29. All images were transferred to a workstation for postprocessing. The best R-R interval reconstruction images of all groups were evaluated. The value of pitch, CT volume dosage index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP)and effective dose (ED)were recorded. The pitch, the score of imaging quality of coronary artery segments and the radiation dose were compared with one-way ANOVA. The influence of HR on image quality and radiation doses of coronary artery was analyzed. Results The value of pitch in Group A, Group B and Group C was 0. 241 ± 0. 025, 0. 286 ± 0. 034 and 0. 335 ± 0. 036,respectively. The mean score of imaging quality of coronary artery segments in Group A, Group B and Group C was 4. 78 ± 0. 26, 4. 66 ± 0. 56 and 4. 70 ± 0. 46, respectively. The value of CTDIvol in Group A,Group B and Group C was (18.06 ±5. 16), (19. 62 ±7. 15) and (17. 50 ±7. 13) mGy, respectively. The value of ED in group A, Group B and Group C was (4.23 ± 1.76), (4.59 ± 1.75) and (4.12 ±1.39) mSv, respectively. There was statistical difference in value of pitch among the three groups (F =60. 00, P= 0. 00). There were no statistical difference in score of imaging quality, CTDIvol and value of ED among the three groups (F = 0. 53, P = 0. 59; F = 0. 83, P = 0. 44 ; F = 0. 86, P = 0. 43). Conclusion Medium and low HR have little influences on image quality of dual-source CT coronary angiography at a low tube voltage. When the auto ECG-gating is selected, there is little influence on radiation dosage as well.     

双源CT低管电压技术在超重患者冠状动脉成像中的应用

目的 探讨在超重患者双源CT冠状动脉成像中低管电压技术的应用价值,评价其图像质量和辐射剂量.方法 将66例接受双源CT冠状动脉检查,体质量<85 kg、且体质量指数(BMI)为25.0～30.0 ks/m2的患者完全随机化分为A、B 2组.A组30例,管电压为120 kVp;B组36例,管电压为100 kVp.所有患者均采用回顾性心电门控螺旋扫描和四维智能在线剂量调控(CARE Dose 4D)技术,严格控制扫描范围.对2组的扫描数据分别进行多种图像后处理,由影像科副主任医师和副主任技师各1名采用双盲法评估图像质量.测量并计算信噪比(SNR)、对比信噪比(CNR).记录CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积(DLP),计算有效辐射剂量(ED).应用两独立样本t检验比较2组患者图像ROI的CT值、噪声、SNR、CNR、辐射剂量及对比剂用量、图像质量评分等.应用X2检验比较两组患者冠状动脉图像质量分级显示段数.应用Kappa检验判断2名评价者评分的一致性.以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 图像ROI内CT值、噪声(以标准差SD计算)、SNR测量值:A组右冠状动脉(RCA)起始部分别为(429.3±77.4)HU,24.0±8.2、21.8±9.9,左冠状动脉主干(LMA)起始部分别为(436.7±79.0)HU、19.4±7.3、22.3±9.8;B组RCA分别为(503.5±95.4)HU、34.0±12.6、21.0±10.7,LMA分别为(491.7±96.2)HU、33.4±15.5、20.6±11.4;CNR测量值:A组为24.4±10.3,B组为21.9±8.2.2组患者冠状动脉血管腔内强化平均CT值、噪声比较,B组大于A组,差异有统汁学意义(P值均<0.05);2组间SNR、CNR筹异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);2组CTDIvol比较,A组为(42.2±13.8)mGy,B组为(20.2±6.5)mGy,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组ED为(9.5±3.6)roSy,B组为(4.8±1.7)mSv,差异有统汁学意义(P<0.05);A组图像质量评分为(4.5±1.0)分,B组为(4.7±0.5)分,筹异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A绀评价383段冠状动脉,图像优良者377段(98.4%)B组评价490段冠状动脉,图像优良者483段(98.6%).结论 对于BMI在25.0～30.0 kg/m2的患者,使用100 kVp管电压配合CARE Dose 4D技术进行双源CT冠状动脉检查,可以获得较好的图像质量,并且可以显著降低辐射剂量.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the image quality and the radiation dose of dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography by using low kilovohage combination with low tube current in overweight patients.Methods Sixty-six patients with body mass inde,(BMI)25.(0-30.0 kg/m2 and a body weight<85 kg were randomized two groups(group A and group B).Thirty patients in group A were examined with 120 kVp,and 36 patients in group B with 100 kVp.ECG-pulsing and care dose 4D for radiation dose reduction were used in all patients.All images were transferred to Siemens workstation for post processing and analysis.Two observers blimted to clinical data independently assessed the image quality of each coronary segment by using a 5-point scoring scale(5:excellent,1:no diagnostic).and measured the different image parameters including image noise,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).The effective dose(ED)was calculated by using CT dose volume index(CTDIvol)and the doselength product (DLP). The mean intraluminal attenuation, image noise, SNR, CNR, radiation dose,volume of contrast medium, and mean image quality scores were compared between the two groups with t test. The grading quantity of coronary artery segment was compared with Chi-square test. The interobserver agreement was determined by Kappa statistics. Results The mean intraluminal attenuation, image noise,SNR in group A were (429. 3±77.4 ) HU, 24.0±8.2, 21.8±9. 9 in right coronary artery ( RCA), and (436. 7±79. 0) HU, 19.4±7.3, 22. 3±9. 8 in left main coronary artery (LMA ), and that in group B were (503.5±95.4) HU, 34.0±12.6, 21.0±10.7 in RCA, and (491.7±96.2) HU, 33.4±15.5,20.6±11.4 in LMA. The CNR were 24.4±10.3 in group A and 21.9±8.2 in group B. The mean intraluminal attenuation and image noise were significantly higher for group B compared with group A ( P <0. 05 ). There were no difference in SNR and CNR between the two groups ( P > 0. 05 ). Estimated ED in group B was significantly lower than that in group A [CTDIvol = (42. 2±13. 8) mGy, ED = (9. 5±3.6)mSv in group A vs. CTDIvol = ( 20. 2±6.5 ) mGy, ED = (4. 8±1.7 ) mSv in group B ; each P < 0. 05 ].Mean image quality scores were not significantly different between two groups ( 4. 5±1.0 in group A vs.4. 7±0. 5 in group B, P > 0. 05 ). A total of 383 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 490 segments in group B. The difference of grading quantity of coronary artery segment was no statistical significant between two groups. Conclusions 100 kVp combination with ECC-pulsing and CARE Dose 4D of dual-source CTCA was valuable for patients with BMI ranging from 25 to 30 kg/m2 which have a better image quality and low radiatiun dose.     

双源CT低辐射剂量冠状动脉成像的初步研究

目的:探讨双源CT(DSCT)低剂量冠状动脉成像在较大体重质量指数(BMI)范围中的临床应用价值。方法:将BMI在17.51~30.00之间的可疑冠心病患者随机分为两组:A组(低辐射剂量组)95例,依据体重指数再将其分为三组(BMI<18.5,18.5≤BMI<24和24≤BMI),采用100kVp,参考毫安320mAs扫描;B组(常规辐射剂量组)69例,采用120kVp,参考毫安360mAs扫描,其他参数两组相同。两组均使用回顾性心电门控和CareDose4D技术进行DSCT(Somatom Definition,西门子)冠状动脉成像增强检查,检查前均不使用受体阻滞剂控制心率。所有扫描数据传送到西门子独立图像后处理工作站进行进一步处理。分析A、B两组最佳的重建时相图像,由2名副主任医师独立评估图像质量。记录并计算CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(ED)值。利用单因素方差分析比较A组中三组图像质量是否存在差别。应用χ2检验比较A、B两组患者冠状动脉分级显示段数,应用两独立样本t检验比较A、B两组患者图像质量评分、CTDIvol、DLP和ED等。结果:A组中的三组图像评分为4.67±0.53、4.72±0.42、4.51±0.57;三组图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(F=1.39,P=0.25)。A组评价1298段冠状动脉,B组评价934段冠状动脉。图像质量评为优良的A组占99.31%,B组占99.79%,两组显示差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.54,P=0.11);可诊断图像节段数A组占99.69%,B组占99.89%,两组显示差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.98,P=0.32)。A、B两组图像质量评分分别为4.69±0.47、4.81±0.35分;CTDIvol值分别为18.53±7.55、45.85±15.49;DLP值分别为253.31±97.78、645.10±254.00;ED值分别为4.31±1.66、10.97±4.32。A、B两组间的图像质量评分差异无统计学意义(t=-1.70,P=0.09),A、B两组CTDIvol差异有统计学意义(t=-14.93,P=0),A组小于B组;A、B两组间DLP差异有统计学意义(t=-13.71,P=0),A组小于B组,A、B两组的ED差异有统计学意义(t=-13.71,P=0),A组小于B组。结论:双源CT低剂量冠状动脉成像在较大的BMI范围具有很好的图像质量,可以降低辐射剂量,具有广泛的临床应用价值。