早期去骨瓣减压+颞肌贴敷术治疗幕上大面积脑梗死

目的 探讨早期去骨瓣减压+颞肌贴敷术治疗幕上大面积脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年1月去骨瓣减压+颞肌贴敷术治疗的34例幕上大面积脑梗死的临床资料。根据手术时间分为早期组（发病后24 h内手术，16例）和常规组（发病后24~72 h手术，18例）。结果 早期组术后1个月死亡1例；常规组术后1个月死亡2例，术后2个月死亡1例；其余30例术后至少随访6个月。与常规组相比，早期组术后3、6个月脑梗死面积明显减少（P<0.05），神经功能及脑灌注明显改善（P<0.05）。术后3个月，早期组恢复良好率（60.0%，9/15）明显高于常规组（20.0%，3/15；P<0.05）；两组术后6个月恢复良好率无统计学差异（60.0% vs. 33.3%；P>0.05）。结论 对于幕上大面积脑梗死，早期去骨瓣减压+颞肌贴敷术能够显著减少脑梗死面积，改善神经功能。     

应用抗生素治疗急性单纯性阑尾炎的策略及其价值

目的 评价应用抗生素治疗急性单纯性阑尾炎价值,总结应用策略.方法 急性单纯性阑尾炎患者54例,药物保守治疗21例,采用手术治疗34例,保守治疗患者,使用头孢噻肟+甲硝唑治疗,手术治疗者,术前术后都应用抗生素,采用氟喹诺酮患者14例,采用头孢噻肟20例.结果 保守组、手术治疗氟喹诺酮组、头孢噻肟组、手术治疗合计组患者年龄、WBC计数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);保守治疗住院时间低于氟喹诺酮组,氟喹诺酮组地狱头孢噻肟组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);保守治疗治疗失败率15.0%(3/20),失败2例病程长患,手术组全部成功;保守组6个月内复发2例,手术组出现并发症2例,切口感染1例、发热1例.结论 抗生素治疗急性单纯性阑尾炎可作为保守药物,也可作为感染预防药物,若以保守治疗为目的,应联合应用广谱抗生素,以提高对病原体覆盖率,若为预防性用药,应据既往手术感染情况选择耐药率低、覆盖率高的药物.     

钢板与空心螺钉内固定术在劈裂型肱骨大结节骨折中的应用比较

目的比较钢板固定术与空心螺钉内固定术在劈裂型肱骨大结节骨折中的应用效果。方法选取濮阳市人民医院2013年1月到2014年1月收治的60例劈裂型肱骨大结节骨折患者,随机分为研究组(30例)和对照组(30例)。对照组给予常规钢板固定术治疗,研究组给予空心螺钉内固定术治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果研究组优良率为90.0%,明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术中输血量较对照组小,手术时间及骨折愈合时间较对照组短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论劈裂型肱骨大结节骨折治疗中应用空心螺钉内固定治疗可以提高治疗效果,减轻患者的痛苦,利于骨折愈合,值得临床推广。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

脸色腰段椎间盘突出症21例临床分析

胸腰段椎间盘突出症罕见,约占椎间盘突出的0.6％～4％。随着CT及MRI的应用,其发病率有增加的趋势。因其发病率低,报道较少。但由于病变位于脊髓圆椎段,其发病较下腰段椎间盘突出有很大的特殊性,故有必要结合我院近年收治的21例对其作一回顾性分析。1 临床资料     

后腹腔镜手术对机体免疫和创伤反应的影响

后腹腔镜手术(RLS)对于泌尿系统疾病的治疗直接,对腹腔脏器干扰少;较开放手术(OS)具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点近年来得到迅速的发展[1].有泌尿系后腹腔镜手术对于机体呼吸和循环影响的研究[2],而对免疫系统的影响研究较少.我们将泌尿系肾、肾上腺疾病根据手术方式的不同分为RLS组和OS组,观察两组各20例患者术前、术后体液免疫指标和C-反应蛋白质(CRP)变化,探讨后腹腔镜手术对机体围手术期免疫功能和创伤反应的影响.     

缩短肝脏移植无肝期的护理探讨

肝移植手术是治疗终末期肝病的根本治疗手段，由于手术常伴有大量出血、渗血、渗液及输血治疗，而在无肝前期、无肝期、新肝期这三个不同阶段中，无肝期为病肝切除至新肝的大血管吻合开放，期间纤维蛋白原和凝血酶原等凝血因子不能合成，而类肝素样物质增加，出现明显的纤溶亢进，如伴有供肝情况不良，凝血因子合成减少而合成不能，就会产生凝血功能障碍，在无肝期中一旦发生则出血情况较为严重。