清热散治疗老年肺炎心气不足证的验案浅析

老年肺炎治疗由于其特殊的生理、病理特点,病情往往复杂多变,尤其需要对患者症状仔细甄别。本案为陈旧性脑梗、白细胞减少的免疫功能低下的老年患者,以午后至次日清晨发热、口干欲饮水、小便自利为主症,辨证属心气不足证,以扶正祛邪为原则,以补养心气,透热除邪为主要治法,以清热散为主方,临床获得良效。该案显示老年肺炎多属正虚邪恋、心气不足一类特殊证型,清热散加减是治疗该证的有效方剂。     

以肺动脉高压为首发表现的先天性中枢性低通气综合征临床特征和基因分析

目的探讨先天性中枢性低通气综合征(CCHS)的临床和基因变异特征。方法分析1例首发表现为不明原因肺动脉高压的CCHS患儿的临床资料,并总结国内外文献中CCHS病例的临床特点、致病机制和基因变异情况。结果11月龄女婴,主要表现为浮肿、尿少、低血压、嗜睡、发绀、抽搐及颅内压增高。B型脑利钠肽、丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高,凝血酶原时间延长。颅脑磁共振示右侧额叶出血;超声心动图示中重度肺动脉高压。靶向捕获二代测序未发现可能的致病基因。采用Sanger法验证示患儿PHOX 2 B基因第3外显子存在多聚丙氨酸重复扩展变异,基因型为20/25。患儿入院后采用无创通气,睡眠时呼吸浅慢、微弱,伴血氧下降;血气分析提示二氧化碳潴留。随后改用夜间无创通气、降肺压药物治疗。复查肺动脉压力明显下降,生命体征稳定。随访至24月龄,夜间只需较低压力水平的无创通气,生长发育无异常。结论对于不明原因的肺动脉高压伴撤机困难患儿,需警惕CCHS。疑诊者应尽早针对CCHS相关基因进行靶向捕获二代测序及PHOX 2 B基因Sanger法验证。早期给予无创通气有望改善预后。     

产后产妇300例心理状态调查及应对措施

根据现代医学模式，健康的标准是躯体健康，心理健康和社会适应良好。妇女在妊娠期、分娩期和产褥期承受着躯体和精神上的巨大压力；产后由于身体的变化、社会角色的改变，对产妇的认知、情感、行为具有明显影响。焦虑是人们对环境中一些即将面临的，可能会造成危险和威胁的重大事件，或者要做出重大努力的情况中进行适应时，心理上出现紧张和一种不愉快的期待。探讨产后产妇的心理状态变化及其原因，采取有效的应对措施，以保证产妇的健康及至婴幼儿的健康成长。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

诺和锐胰岛素治疗儿童1型糖尿病的临床观察

目的:观察诺和锐胰岛素治疗儿童1型糖尿病的疗效。方法:对10例应用诺和灵短效胰岛素联合诺和灵中效胰岛素治疗的1型糖尿病患儿以超短效胰岛素诺和锐等量替代短效胰岛素联合诺和灵中效胰岛素治疗1个月,观察HbA1c等代谢指标变化。结果:用诺和锐治疗后患儿餐后2 h血糖、HbA1c显著下降,P<0．01,平均下降值分别为3．51±1．10 mmol／L与0．64％±0．19％。胰岛素用量与血脂无明显变化,P>0．05。治疗期间未发现明显低血糖。结论:超短效胰岛素诺和锐替代短效胰岛素可进一步控制餐后血糖．并显著降低HbA1c,有利于血糖控制。     

距小腿关节运动损伤的常见因素

距小腿关节是人体中比较复杂和重要的关节,发生损伤的几率很高。对于距小腿关节损伤,虽然多数人通过治疗可以康复,但仍有20%左右的患者将转为慢性损伤或伤残。有鉴于此,探讨距小腿关节损伤的机制、找出距小腿关节损伤的原因及掌握预防的措施,是体育教学、运动训练和大众体育活动中迫切需要解决的问题。     

颈内动脉起始部血管成形术治疗缺血性脑血管病的疗效观察

目的 探讨颈内动脉起始部血管成形术治疗缺血性脑血管病的临床效果。方法 对15例缺血性脑血管病术前行全脑血管造影与超声检查，狭窄部位支架置入、球囊扩张，比较术前、术后狭窄程度的改善，术后随访1～34个月。结果 术后狭窄程度明显改善，围手术期无并发症。随访期内无缺血性脑血管病事件发生．但有脑出血的发生。结论 支架置入血管成形术是值得选择的缺血性脑血管病病因治疗方法之一；多个部位支架置入是安全的；支架的选择、手术的技巧以及严格的适应证掌握是影响手术的重要因素，特别要警惕预防高灌注综合征的发生，注意患者的心理评价与治疗。     

紧急避孕的时间选择

紧急避孕是指未防护的性交或避孕措施失败后几天内采用的一种紧急补救措施 ,目的是预防非意愿妊娠发生 ,以减少人工流产率。每个妇产科医生都应该掌握紧急避孕知识和技能 ,及时为妇女提供各种紧急避孕服务。1　紧急避孕药物的作用机理与效果的计算紧急避孕药物的作用机理随用药时间的不同而异。排卵前用药可抑制卵泡生长发育 ,阻止排卵或使排卵延迟。排卵后用药作用于子宫内膜 ,孕卵受精后一般 5～ 6天到达宫腔 ,紧急避孕药常在性交后 72小时内服用 ,使药物有足够的时间作用于子宫内膜 ,致使胚泡不能着床。宫内节育器的作用机理为干扰受精和…