以DNA修复蛋白AGT为靶向的PET显像剂前体O^6-苄基鸟嘌呤类似物的体外初步生物评价

合成一系列O^6-苄基鸟嘌呤（O^6-BG）类似物，并且采用MTT法评价其体外对DNA修复蛋白AGT的抑制作用，探讨其作为潜在的正电子发射断层成像技术（PET）显像剂前体的可能性。以鸟嘌呤作为起始原料分别合成了O^6-BG及其类似物HMBG，MOBG，MOMOBG，BABP和PEG。采用MTT方法，通过测定合成产物增强HeLa细胞对1，3-双（2-氯乙基）亚硝基脲（BCNU）药物敏感性的强弱来评价其对AGT的抑制作用。合成产物对AGT抑制活性强弱排序为HMBG≥O^6-BG≥MOBG≥MOMBG，而BABP和PEG基本未表现出任何的AGT抑制活性。HMBG，MOBG和MOMBG具有良好的体外活性，其正电子核素标记物可能成为有前景的用于肿瘤AGT显像的PET显像剂。     

家庭注射胰岛素的2型糖尿病患者的生活方式指导

目的探讨生活指导对在家庭注射胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者中的作用和经验.方法将我院内分泌科就诊的2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus,DM)患者52例,分为生活指导组27例(男15例,女12例),对照组25例(男14例,女11例).结果在4周内生活指导组患者中有25例空腹血糖控制在7.0mmol/L以下,达到良好的标准,占92.6%;对照组15例空腹血糖控制在7.0mmol/L以下,占60.0%,2组治疗效果有差别,p＜0.01.结论对家庭注射胰岛素的2型DM患者进行生活方式指导,可以取得良好的治疗效果.生活方式指导的内容为胰岛素注射指导、饮食指导、运动指导及自我保健及护理指导.     

99Tcm标记新型RGD环肽在神经胶质瘤动物模型的实验研究

Objective (1) To evaluate the effect of insertion of two 15-amino-4,7,10,13-tetraoxapentadecanoic (2 PEG4 ) linkers into cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) Dimer E [c(RGDfK)]2 on receptor binding in vitro, (2) to assess its biodistribution in vivo and (3) to investigate the value of 99Tcm labeled 2PEG4-Dimer for integrin αvβ3-positive tumors imaging.Methods The expression of U87 human glioma cells and integrin αv β3 was determined by immunofluorescence staining.The half-inhibition concentrations (IC50) for 125 I-cyclo (Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys) (c(RGDyK) ) of c ( RGDyK ), hydrazinonictinamide ( HYNIC )-Dimer and HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer binding to integrin αvβ3 were measured.99Tcm-HYNIC-Dimer and 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer were synthesized using non-SnCl2 formulation.Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed in nude mice bearing human glioma xenografts.The unpaired t test was used for statistical analysis.Results The labeling yield of the two radiotracers was more than 95%, and the radiochemical purity was more than 99% through Sep-Pek C18 cartridge.HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer had significantly higher binding affinity of integrin αvβ3 than c(RGDyK) and HYNIC-Dimer (IC50 = 0.8 nmol/L, 27 nmol/L and 2.4 nmol/L, respectively).Biodistribution study showed that 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer was mainly excreted via the kidney.The tumor uptake of 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer was higher than that of 99Tcm-HYNIC-Dimer at 2h post injection ((5.71 ±0.96) and (2.10 ±0.50) % ID/g, t =4.80, P＜0.05).The xenografted tumors were visible at 0.5 h post injection and the image contrast increased with time due to the tracer clearance of the background tissue.Conclusion 99 Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer is a promising radiotracer for integrin αvβ3-positive tumor imaging.     

RGD多肽放射性药物的研究现状及发展趋势

血管生成在肿瘤的生长和转移过程中起至关重要的作用[1],一旦有新生血管形成,肿瘤生长迅速加快,并且容易发生转移[2].     

99Tcm标记新型RGD环肽在神经胶质瘤动物模型的实验研究

目的 评价引入2个聚乙二醇（PEG4）对精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸（RGD）环肽二聚体（Dimer：E[c（RGDfK）]2）体外受体结合亲和力和体内药代动力学特征的影响,以及99Tcm标记2PEG4-Dimer用于整合素αvβ3阳性肿瘤显像的前景.方法 用免疫组织化学实验测定U87MG人神经胶质瘤细胞以及肿瘤组织中整合素αvβ3的表达.通过U87MG细胞受体竞争结合实验测定RGD环肽单体c（RGDyK）、联肼尼克酰胺（HYNIC）-Dimer和HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer对125I-c（RGDyK）的半数抑制浓度（IC50）.采用无亚锡一步法制备99Tcm-HYNIC-Dimer和99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer,评价＂TcmHYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer在荷U87MG瘤裸鼠的生物分布并进行γ显像.采用非配对t检验法对实验数据进行分析.结果 U87MG细胞和荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤组织中高表达整合素αvβ3.HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer比c（RGDyK）和HYNIC-Dimer有更高的整合素αvβ3亲和力（IC50分别是0.8,27和2.4 nmol/L）.99Tcm-HYNIC-Dimer和99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer的99Tcm标记率均＞95%,经Sep-Pek C18柱纯化后其放化纯＞99%.生物分布实验显示,2种标记物均主要经肾排泄,在注射后2h,肿瘤对99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer的摄取为99Tcm-HYNIC-Dimer的2.7倍[（5.71±0.96）%ID/g和（2.10±0.50）%ID/g],t=4.80,P＜0.05,与体外受体竞争结合实验数据相一致.γ显像结果显示,注射99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer后0.5 h肿瘤即清晰可见,随时间延长,体内放射性本底明显减低,显像对比度增高.结论 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer有希望用于整合素αvβ3阳性肿瘤显像.     

99Tcm标记RGD环肽四聚体在神经胶质瘤裸鼠模型中的显像研究

目的 制备99Tcm标记的含有精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(Arg-Gly-Asp,RGD)序列的环肽四聚体99Tcm-联肼尼克酰胺(HYNIC)-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2,评价其在整合素αvβ3表达阳性的荷人神经胶质瘤裸鼠模型的生物分布和显像.方法 以HYNIC为双功能螫合剂,以三羟甲基甘氨酸(tricine)和三苯基膦三磺酸钠(TPfffS)为协同配体,采用两步法制备99Tcm-HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDfK)2}2.通过体外受体竞争结合实验比较e(RGDyK)单体、HYNIC-E[c(RGDfK)2二聚体和HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2四聚体与整合素αvβ3亲和力.生物分布实验数据显示,99Tcm-HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDtK)]2}2主要经肾排泄;注射后1h,肿瘤对99Tcm-HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2的摄取为99Tcm-HYNIC-E[c(RG-DfK)]2的2倍,分别为(10.32±0．07)％ID／g和(5.15±O.52)％ID／g,与体外受体竞争结合实验数据相一致;注射后4h,肿瘤对99Tcm-HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2的摄取仍达(9.35.4±1.35)％ID／g,表明标记物在肿瘤中的滞留时间足够长.r显像结果显示,注射后1h肿瘤清晰可见.注射后4h显像效果更佳.结论 99Tcm-HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2具有较高的肿瘤摄取和较长的肿瘤滞留时间,可以用于整合素αvβ3表达阳性肿瘤的显像;放射性核素(如90Y)标记的RGD环肽四聚体可用于整合素(αvβ3表达阳性肿瘤的治疗.     

初次接受胰岛素治疗的糖尿病患者常见心理问题分析及其护理

糖尿病为慢性终生性疾病,在我国发病率呈逐年上升趋势,而且患者由于长期血糖控制不良,而致死或过早死亡,生命质量与生活质量受到严重的影响.应用胰岛素治疗部分糖尿病或抢救糖尿病并发症,是当代研究糖尿病的重要课题之一     

初次接受胰岛素治疗的糖尿病患者常见心理问题分析及其护理

糖尿病为慢性终生性疾病,在我国发病率呈逐年上升趋势,而且患者由于长期血糖控制不良,而致死或过早死亡,生命质量与生活质量受到严重的影响。应用胰岛素治疗部分糖尿病或抢救糖尿病并发症,是当代研究糖尿病的重要课题之一。从胰岛素问世至今,仍是通过注射途径给药为主,且胰     

99Tcm-RGD环肽二聚体的制备及其体内外评价

目的评价^99Tc^m标记的精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸（RGD）环肽二聚体E[c（RGDfK）]：的体内外特性及其用于整合素α，B，阳性肿瘤显像的可行性。方法以三羟甲基甘氨酸（tricine）和三苯基膦三磺酸钠（TPPTS）作为协同配体，以联肼尼克酰胺（HYNIC）作为双功能连接剂，采用无亚锡一步法制备^99Tc^m-HYNIC—E[c（RGDfK）]：，通过U87人神经胶质瘤细胞测定其半数抑制浓度（IC50），观察其体外与整合素α，B，受体的结合解离动力学、细胞内化及外化，评价其在荷人神经胶质瘤裸鼠的生物分布。结果^99Tc^m-HYNIC-E[c（RGDfK）]，的标记率〉95％，经Sep-PekC18柱纯化后其放化纯〉99％。与RGD环肽单体C（RGDyK）相比，HYNIC偶联的E[C（RGDfK）]：二聚体具有更高的整合素α，β3亲和力，IC50分别为80．0和9．07nmol／L。细胞实验显示，^99Tc^m-HYNIC—E[C（RGDfK）]：与整合素α，β，结合较快，并迅速被受体介导内化。生物分布实验显示，^99Tc^m -HYNIC—E[C（RGDfK）]：主要经肾脏排泄，在注射后0．5和4h，标记物在肿瘤的每克组织百分注射剂量率（％ID／g）分别为（2．46±0．66）和（3．10±0．35）％ID／g，标记物在肿瘤中的滞留时间足够长。1显像示注射后1h肿瘤清晰可见，注射后4h显像效果更佳。结论^99 Tc^mHYNIC-E[C（RGDfK）]：是一种有前景的用于整合素α，β3，阳性肿瘤显像的显像剂。     

99Tcm标记新型RGD环肽在神经胶质瘤动物模型的实验研究

Objective (1) To evaluate the effect of insertion of two 15-amino-4,7,10,13-tetraoxapentadecanoic (2 PEG4 ) linkers into cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) Dimer E [c(RGDfK)]2 on receptor binding in vitro, (2) to assess its biodistribution in vivo and (3) to investigate the value of 99Tcm labeled 2PEG4-Dimer for integrin αvβ3-positive tumors imaging.Methods The expression of U87 human glioma cells and integrin αv β3 was determined by immunofluorescence staining.The half-inhibition concentrations (IC50) for 125 I-cyclo (Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys) (c(RGDyK) ) of c ( RGDyK ), hydrazinonictinamide ( HYNIC )-Dimer and HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer binding to integrin αvβ3 were measured.99Tcm-HYNIC-Dimer and 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer were synthesized using non-SnCl2 formulation.Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed in nude mice bearing human glioma xenografts.The unpaired t test was used for statistical analysis.Results The labeling yield of the two radiotracers was more than 95%, and the radiochemical purity was more than 99% through Sep-Pek C18 cartridge.HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer had significantly higher binding affinity of integrin αvβ3 than c(RGDyK) and HYNIC-Dimer (IC50 = 0.8 nmol/L, 27 nmol/L and 2.4 nmol/L, respectively).Biodistribution study showed that 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer was mainly excreted via the kidney.The tumor uptake of 99Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer was higher than that of 99Tcm-HYNIC-Dimer at 2h post injection ((5.71 ±0.96) and (2.10 ±0.50) % ID/g, t =4.80, P＜0.05).The xenografted tumors were visible at 0.5 h post injection and the image contrast increased with time due to the tracer clearance of the background tissue.Conclusion 99 Tcm-HYNIC-2PEG4-Dimer is a promising radiotracer for integrin αvβ3-positive tumor imaging.