Prevalence of overlap of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis with systemic autoimmune diseases: an unrecognized example of poliautoimmunity

Clinical Rheumatology - We aimed to estimate the frequency of overlap of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) with systemic autoimmune diseases. Retrospective...     

浅低温心脏不停搏心内手术对心肌保护效果的比较

目的:探讨浅低温体外循环(CPB)心脏搏动中心内直视手术对心肌保护的效果.方法:40例患者随机分为观察组(浅低温心不停搏组)和对照组(中低温心停搏组).分别在术前、转机、停机及术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h,取冠状静脉窦或中心静脉血样,测定血气分析及血清中肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)及其同功酶(CK-MB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量.并取心房间隔肌观察心肌含水量及心肌超微结构的改变.临床观察CPB时间、脱机、呼吸支持、多巴胺应用、严重心律失常和血红蛋白尿等指标.结果:冠脉循环血气、电解质、酸碱水平与体循环的组内组间对比基本一致.CK、CK-MB、AST、LDH两组在CPB和术后均有增加,且以对照组升高显著,与观察组相同时点相比,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).对照组术后MDA明显升高,SOD明显降低(P＜0.01),而观察组变化不大.心肌含水量和超微结构观察,对照组变化显著,而观察组轻微改变.临床指标观察,观察组优于对照组.结论:浅低温体外循环心脏不停搏心内直视手术对心肌损伤很轻,有很好的心肌保护效果.     

B细胞淋巴瘤TIL-T的IL-2Rα基因突变及蛋白表达检测

目的 :检测B细胞淋巴瘤 (B NHL)中肿瘤浸润T细胞 (TIL T)的活化标记IL 2Rα(CD2 5 )的基因及蛋白表达 ,寻找TIL T在B NHL肿瘤微环境中存在意义的实验依据。方法 :将 19例B NHL提取RNA ,采用RT PCR和SSCP检测其IL 2Rα的Ⅳ Ⅷ外显子基因突变与否 ;19例B NHL采用细胞免疫化学染色进行CD3、CD4、CD8、CD2 0、CD2 5细胞免疫表型的分析 ;2 9例B NHL和 2 0例良性淋巴组织 ,采用冰冻切片免疫组化方法进行IL 2Rα(CD2 5 )蛋白表达的检测。结果 :SSCP显示 19例TIL -T的IL 2Rα未发现异常泳动条带。细胞免疫化学染色示B NHL中 5 2 .6 3% (10 /19例 )的CD2 5 +细胞少于 10 % ,TIL T(CD3+)与CD4相关 (r =0 .5 7,P <0 .0 1)并与CD2 5相关 (r =0 .5 0 ,P <0 .0 5 )。免疫组化示 86 .2 % (2 5 /2 9例 )的B NHL中CD2 5表达 (+/- )和 (+) ,且主要表达在TIL T细胞上 ,呈散在分布 ,阳性细胞少于T标记细胞。结论 :19例TIL T的IL 2Rα在RNA水平未发现基因异常 ;CD2 5蛋白在B NHL中呈弱表达趋势。提示部分TIL T不表达CD2 5 ,推测TIL T的IL 2Rα的表达在转录后机制中可能出现异常或TIL T存在活化障碍。     

Involvement of ADAM10 in axonal outgrowth and myelination of the peripheral nerve

The disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is a membrane‐anchored metalloproteinase with both proteolytic and disintegrin characteristics. Here, we investigate the expression, regulation, and functional role of ADAM10 in axonal outgrowth and myelination of the peripheral nerve. Expression pattern analysis of 11 ADAM family members in co‐cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and Schwann cells (SCs) demonstrated the most pronounced mRNA expression for ADAM10. In further studies, ADAM10 was found to be consistently upregulated in DRG‐SC co‐cultures before the induction of myelination. Neurons as well as SCs widely expressed ADAM10 at the protein level. In neurons, the expression of ADAM10 was exclusively limited to the axons before the induction of myelination. Inhibition of ADAM10 activity by the hydroxamate‐based inhibitors GI254023X and GW280264X resulted in a significant decrease in the mean axonal length. These data suggest that ADAM10 represents a prerequisite for myelination, although its activity is not required during the process of myelination itself as demonstrated by expression analysis of myelin protein zero (P0) and Sudan black staining. Hence, during the process of myelin formation, ADAM10 is highly upregulated and appears to be critically involved in axonal outgrowth that is a requirement for myelination in the peripheral nerve. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

石刻雕塑作业劳动卫生学调查及实验研究

测定了石雕作业粉尘浓度，几何平均浓度为８２．３５～３．６７ｍｇ／ｍ３。工人职业性健康检查结果，接尘工人的咽部充血、咳嗽、咯痰检出率高于对照组；肺功能低下的检出率也高于对照组。该厂自１９７２年以来发生尘肺患者１７例，其病情发展和晋期缓慢，发病工龄长。动物实验研究表明，石雕粉尘有轻微的致纤维化作用。     

INVOLVEMENT OF NON-NMDA AND NMDA RECEPTORS IN GLUTAMATE-INDUCED PRESSOR OR DEPRESSOR RESPONSES OF THE PONS AND MEDULLA

1. Fifty-five intact and six baroreceptor denervated and vagotomized cats of either sex were anaesthetized intraperito-neally with urethane (400 mg/kg) and a-chloralose (40 mg/kg). Responses of the systemic arterial pressure (SAP), mean SAP (MSAP) and sympathetic vertebral nerve (VNA) and renal nerve activities (RNA) were recorded. 2. In intact animals, monosodium L-glutamate (Glu, 0.1 mol/L, 50 nL) was microinjected into pressor areas of the locus coeruleus (LC), gigantocellular tegmental field (GTF), rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and dorsomedial medulla (DM), and the depressor areas of caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). The induced actions were compared before and after microinjection of either glutamate antagonists, glutamate diethylester (GDEE, 0.5 mol/L, 50–100nL), a competitive AMPA receptor blocker, or 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-AP5, 0.025 mol/L, 50–100 nL), a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker. GDEE completely blocked the increases of SAP and VNA elicited from all pressor areas. D-AP5 only partially blocked the pressor but slightly blocked VNA and RNA responses from LC, GTF and DM, particularly those from RVLM. Neither GDEE nor D-AP5 blocked the depressor responses of SAP and two nerve activities elicited from CVLM. 3. In baroreceptor denervated animals, NMDA (2 mmol/L, 50–100 nL) and AMPA (0.2 mmol/L, 50–100 nL) were micro-injected into the same pressor areas of GTF, RVLM and DM and the depressor area of CVLM responsive to Glu activation (0.1 mol/L, 30 nL). In RVLM, DM and CVLM, the results of either NMDA or AMPA were similar to those induced by Glu. However, in GTF, microinjection of either NMDA or AMPA did not induce similar responses to Glu. This suggests that the nature of GTF may differ from RVLM and DM. 4. The above results suggest that the Glu-induced pressor responses from LC, GTF, DM and especially RVLM, are primarily mediated through AMPA receptors. The Glu-induced depressor responses from CVLM may not be predominantly mediated by either AMPA or NMDA receptors. 5. In both baroreceptor-intact and -denervated cats stimulation of the pressor areas often produced an increase of VNA and a decrease of RNA, while in the depressor CVLM decreased both VNA and RNA. The VNA, but not RNA were positively correlated with the pressor responses, while both VNA and RNA were positively correlated with the depressor responses. This may suggest that neurons of the sympathetic vertebral and renal nerves are topographically organized in the brain.     

Proximal femoral focal deficiency: radiologic analysis of 49 cases

Proximal femoral focal deficiency, an uncommon congenital anomaly, necessitates early radiologic classification for surgical planning and treatment. Objective radiographic criteria, including femoral length index, acetabular depth index, acetabular angle index, and shape of the proximal femur were determined in 49 patients before cartilaginous ossification of the femoral capital epiphysis; final classification was based on follow-up radiographs or findings at arthrography or surgery. These parameters were analyzed to determine the accuracy and contributions of each in classification. Correct classification into one of three groups was possible in 86% of cases with use of three of the parameters: femoral length index, acetabular depth index, and shape of the proximal femur. The acetabular angle was found to contribute insignificantly to classification. Magnetic resonance imaging, used in only one case, depicted the nonossified cartilaginous femoral capital epiphysis, thus obviating the need for invasive diagnostic procedures and facilitating early classification.