输尿管支架管结壳患者尿液菌群的分布特点

目的探讨输尿管支架管结壳患者尿液菌群的分布特点。方法选取2018年10月至2019年3月在山东省立第三医院、山东大学齐鲁医院、济南市中心医院和济南市济钢医院就诊的35例输尿管支架管置入术后患者。纳入标准:年龄18~65岁;输尿管镜碎石术后留置内支架管4周。排除标准:尿液细菌培养阳性;严重肉眼血尿;近期口服抗生素;存在明显残石患者。本研究采用横断面研究方法(临床研究注册号为ChiCTR1800020025),根据有无支架管结壳将患者分为结壳组23例和无结壳组12例。收集拔管当日患者尿液行细菌16s DNA检测。使用UPARSE、UCHIME和RDP calssifier等软件分析两组患者尿液菌群分布特点,明确两组患者尿液中细菌种类总数、细菌丰度,以及丰度占比较大的细菌类别,比较两组患者尿液细菌种类、数量及细菌丰度的差异,明确结壳组患者尿液中丰度占比较大的细菌菌属。结果两组患者的年龄、性别、体质指数、置管侧别、内支架管型号及结石成分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。16s DNA检测结果显示,结壳组丰度占比>1%的菌属数量为11个,丰度占比>0.01%的菌属数量为74个;无结壳组丰度占比>1%的菌属数量为7个,丰度占比>0.01%的菌属数量为11个,两组丰度占比>1%的菌属数量比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.12,P=0.000)。结壳组中菌属丰度占比前3位分别为乳杆菌属(23.1%)、拟杆菌属(18.8%)和未分级拟杆菌属(17.1%),非结壳组中菌属丰度占比前3位分别是为埃希菌-志贺菌属(32.2%)、肠球菌属(24.9%)和假单胞菌属(18.2%)。两组间差异最大的3种细菌是乳杆菌属(P=0.010),拟杆菌属(P=0.004)和未分级拟杆菌属(P=0.004)。结论支架管结壳患者尿液中细菌种类和数量都明显多于非支架管结壳患者。拟杆菌属细菌在支架管结壳患者尿液中的细菌种类丰度较大。     

Feasibility of establishing cerebral ischemia models by using aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery of piglets Imaging assessment

BACKGROUND: The cerebral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion animal models are used to simulate the human cerebrovascular diseases is one of the popular topics of neurological science recently. To study the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and to establish the ideal animal model that is the most similar to the human cerebral ischemia, are the topics that the people generally cared about. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery on the establishment of cerebral ischemia models by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). DESIGN: Repetitive measure animal experiment. SETTING: Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory (Provincial Laboratory), Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian Univeristy from January to May 2006. A total of 14 domestic piglets, of 6 months old, weighing 12–15 kg, of either gender, were selected from Animal Experimental Center, Dalian University. Multistar T.O.P digital subtraction angiography machine was provided by Siemens Company, German. METHODS: Aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery was used to establish cerebral ischemia models. And then, Multistar T.O.P. DSA was used for imaging of cerebral vessels before blocking, during blocking and at 0.5 and 2 hours after ischemia perfusion. GE Signa 1.5 T supraconduction magnetic resonance imaging was used for DWI examination; in addition, PWI was used based on focal sites and areas. Otherwise, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to detect signal changes of T1WI and T2WI in ischemic areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analytic results of DSA, DWI, PWI and MRI. RESULTS: All 14 experimental piglets were involved in the final analysis. ① DSA: The blood flow of bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries and its branch were blocked at blocking phase, which restored 0.5 and 2 hours after reperfusion. ② DWI and PWI: There were no observable abnormalities in PWI and DWI at pre-blocking. Abnormal increased signals were found on both DWI and PWI at during and post-blocking. There were reduction in ADC and rCBF and delay in rTTP at all time points except pre-blocking. ③ MRI: There were no abnormal signals observable at any time of pre- and post-blocking in T1WI and T2WI. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to establish this kind of animal experimental models, and it can simulate the ischemic state; meanwhile, the existence and extent can be showed directly by DSA, DWI, and PWI.     

留置双J管病人的观察与护理

双J管又称双猪尾管，因两端卷曲，每端形似猪尾而得名。由于其支架和内引流作用，能解除输尿管炎症、水肿造成的暂时性梗阻，防止术后伤口漏尿和输尿管狭窄。同时，集合系统不与外界直接相通，可避免肾造瘘所引起的出血、感染，因无外引流管的限制和不适感，病人可早期下床活动，有利于术后康复。2004年7月-2005年2月我院先后为58例病人应用双J导管．效果良好，现报告如下。     

SODIUM EFFECTS ON THE FIBRILLATORYPROPENSITY OF NON-IONIC CONTRAST MEDIA

Removing sodium from standard ionic contrastmedia markedly increases the incidence of ventricu-lar fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary arvgiography. Newer nonionic contrast media, Iopa-midol (IOP), Iohexol (IOH) and Ioversol (IOV),contain only trace amounts of sodium. To determinewhether sodium influences the fibrillatory propen-sity of nonionic contrast media, we measured theprolongation in QT interval and performed program-med electrical stimulation with l,2 and 3 ventricularextra stimuli in 40 dogs during 4 ml intracoronaryinjections of IOP, IOH and IOV. Solutions of eachcontrast media with added NaCI at concentrations of0.225To, 0.45% and 0.970 were compared to stockcontrast media. The addition of NaCI markedlyincreased the amount of QT interval prolongationproduced by each contrast media. With IOP, theamount of QT interval prolongation was 40+11msec with standard IOP but was 58+11 msec with0.225'70 NaCI/IOP, 84+17 msec with 0.45'To NaCI/IOP, and 132+42 msec with 0.970 NaCl/IOP(P相似文献   

受体介导内吞和自噬同凋亡的关系

目的 观察刀豆素A(ConA)与小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞表面ConA受体结合、内吞、转运及巨噬细胞自噬、凋亡的形态学变化，以探讨受体介导内吞与自噬体形成和细胞凋亡之间的关系。方法 用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记ConA(ConA-HRP)与小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞共孵育，不同时间取出部分巨噬细胞，制备电镜标本，观察。结果透射电镜观察表明：ConA的内吞属于受体介导内吞；形成的内吞体有泡状、管状及双层膜的线状等形式；双层膜的线状结构包裹部分胞质和细胞器，形成自噬体；自噬体与溶酶体融合，而后巨噬细胞凋亡。结论受体介导内吞和自噬同凋亡之间存在一定的关系。     

六味地黄汤对实验性糖尿病大鼠心、肝、肾组织中过氧化氢酶活性和过氧化脂质含量的影响

用四氧嘧啶诱导雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠为模型进行研究．结果发现，四氧嘧啶大鼠血糖明显升高，且心、肝、肾组织中过氧化氢酶活性较正常组明显降低，过氧化脂质含量在心、肝组织中明显增高，过氧化脂质与过氧化氢酶比值在心、肝、肾组织中均明显高于正常组，表明糖尿病状态下大鼠心、肝、肾组织中均自由基生成增多，氧化损伤加重．经六味地黄汤治疗后，血糖明显下降，但心、肝、肾组织中的过氧化氢酶活性无改变；而心肌中过氧化脂质含量和过氧化脂质与过氧化氢酶比值则明显降低，过氧化脂质含量和过氧化脂质与过氧化氢酶比值在肝、肾组织中无变化，表明六味地黄汤能明显清除心肌中自由基，抑制心肌中脂质过氧化，且此作用并不是通过提高过氧化氢酶活性来达到．     

神效止痛膏的镇痛作用

用二甲苯所致的急性炎症模型观察了神效止痛膏的抗急性炎症作用．用扭体法、热板法观察了神效止痛膏对小鼠的镇痛作用．结果表明，神效止痛膏有很好的镇痛作用．     

应用干骺端骨连接性参数进行废用性骨质疏松症预防措施的比较

目的：比较不同预防废用性骨质疏松措施干预后骨小梁连接性参数的变化情况。方法：自制幼年大鼠废用性骨质疏松模型，用电针、补钙等不同干预措施干预4周后进行股骨下段干骺端(松质骨)标本节点数和游离末端数测量。结果：废用性骨质疏松骨小梁节点数明显减少。游离末端数相对增多。电针组与废用性骨质疏松对照组比较节点数增加，有统计学意义。结论：骨小梁节点数的下降是废用性骨质疏松的主要病理特征，该参数测定对废用性骨质疏松的诊断、风险预测、治疗及预防措施的比较有较大参考价值。电针刺激可有效预防废用性骨质疏松。     

ICR 小白鼠脏器中铜,锌锰含量

对40只正常成年远交系 ICR 小白鼠的主要脏器,用 WFX—Ⅱ型双光束原子吸收分光光度计测定了各脏器中铜、锌、锰含量.结果表明,主要脏器中铜、锌、锰含量大小顺序不一,铜含量最多的脏器是心,锌、锰含量最多的脏器是肝,在雌雄之间均无显著性差异.