中国人眼颅压力梯度参考区间的临床研究

目的探讨中国人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间,为建立基于眼颅压力梯度的开角型青光眼诊疗新体系提供理论标准。 方法横断面研究。对2010年8月至2019年8月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院神经内科需行腰椎穿刺的受试者共200例。其中,男性97例,女性103例,年龄区间12~79岁,平均(47.0±14.7)岁。对受试者进行眼压、颅压及全身基本参数测量。性别资料采用频数和百分比描述;年龄、身高、体重、眼压、颅内压、平均动脉压、体质指数及眼颅压力梯度等连续定量资料采用 ±s描述。对于少量缺失数据,采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛模拟(MCMC)对缺失数据进行多重插补。采用95%分位数法确定参考值范围,对于连续定量资料的多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用两独立样本t检验。 结果根据全体受试者测定人群眼压参考区间为9.015 mmHg~20.265 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)。人群颅压参考区间为6.179 mmHg~14.921 mmHg。人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.987 mmHg~11.047 mmHg。眼颅压力梯度临床诊疗参考区间为0.423 mmHg~10.508 mmHg。以年龄进行分组,<30岁人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.968 mmHg~9.028 mmHg;30岁~50岁人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.466 mmHg~11.606 mmHg;>50岁人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.466 mmHg~11.606 mmHg。三组间眼颅压力梯度差异无统计学意义(F＝2.041,P>0.05)。以性别进行分组,男性眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.769 mmHg~10.089 mmHg;女性眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-3.137 mmHg~11.877 mmHg。两组间眼颅压力梯度的差异无统计学意义(t＝-1.413,P>0.05)。以体质指数(BMI)进行分组,BMI<21 kg/m²的人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-1.437 mmHg~11.577 mmHg;21 kg/m²2的人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-3.046 mmHg~11.026 mmHg;BMI>23 kg/m²的人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-3.947 mmHg~10.087 mmHg。不同BMI分组间,眼颅压力梯度差异有统计学意义(F＝6.109,P<0.05)。 结论眼颅压力梯度临床诊疗参考区间为0.423 mmHg~10.508 mmHg,可作为开角型青光眼临床诊疗的新指标。同时,还为开角型青光眼病因学诊断及个体化治疗的进一步深入研究,提供新的实践基础与研究方向。     

经鼻及皮下给予睾丸酮/丙酸睾丸酮对大鼠相关脑区c-Fos表达效能的影响

目的:探讨经鼻和皮下给予睾丸酮(T)或丙酸睾丸酮(TP)对大鼠中枢神经系统相关脑区激活的效能.方法:利用放射免疫分析法检测大鼠经鼻滴注给予TP后脑脊液和血清睾丸酮浓度的变化；以免疫组织化学观察大鼠各脑区cFos的表达.结果:放射免疫结果显示去势组大鼠脑脊液和血清中睾丸酮含量比正常组降低；去势大鼠皮下注射TP后只增加了血清巾睾丸酮的含量,去势大鼠和正常大鼠经鼻给予TP后脑脊液和血清中睾丸酮的含量均明显增加；去势大鼠经鼻给予TP脑脊液巾睾丸酮的含量高于去势皮下注射TP组,而血清巾睾丸酮的含量低于去势皮下注射TP组.免疫组织化学结果显示正常大鼠鼻腔给予TP或睾丸酮增加大鼠多数脑区的c-Fos免疫反应阳性神经元数目和c-Fos免疫反应强度,而皮下注射TP只增加了少数脑区c-Fos免疫反应阳性神经元数目以及c-Fos免疫反应强度.结论:经鼻给予睾丸酮或TP后能够激活多数脑区c-Fos蛋白的表达,经鼻给予睾丸酮或TP的给药方式有可能成为治疗大雄激素低下导致的巾枢神经系统疾病的一种有效手段.     

A meta-analysis on the relationship of exosomes and the prognosis of lung cancer

Background:A lot of research evidence shows that exosomes play an indelible role in the prognosis of lung cancer, but there are many disputes. Therefore, we conduct a meta-analysis to further demonstrate.Methods:A literature retrieval was performed through a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, CKNI, Wanfang, and other databases to locate documents from the literature that satisfied the inclusion criteria. There were four outcome indicators: overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Subgroup analysis was conducted according to sample size, country, detection method, analysis method, and pathological type. Stata 14.0 software was used to evaluate the prognostic value of exosomes in lung cancer.Results:A total of 2456 patients with lung cancer from 29 studies in 16 articles were included. The expression level of exosomes was closely associated with the OS and DFS of patients, although no statistical difference was observed between exosomes and DSS or PFS. Eighteen studies with 2,110 patients were evaluated to examine the prognostic value of exosomes in lung cancer by exploring the association between exosomes and OS. The results showed that exosomes were strongly associated with worse OS, and the combined hazard ratio (HR) was 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–2.39, P = .000). Six studies investigated the association between exosomes and DFS, and showed a pooled HR of 2.48 (95% CI: 1.75–3.53, P = .000).Conclusion:Our analysis indicated that the expression level of exosomes was closely associated with the OS and DFS of patients with lung cancer, suggesting that exosomes are associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer. Exosomes may be a new biomarker for the prognosis of lung cancer, although a large number of prospective studies are still needed to support this.     

经鼻给予丙酸睾丸酮增加大鼠中脑5羟色胺能神经元的表达

目的:观察经鼻给予丙酸睾丸酮(TP)后大鼠中缝背核色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)及中缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5羟色胺(5-HT)和5羟色胺转运体(SERT)表达的改变.方法:对正常成年雄性及去势大鼠经鼻给予TP 21 d,利用免疫组织化学观察给药后大鼠中缝背核TPH及巾缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5-HT和SERT的免疫反应强度变化.结果:大鼠去势处理降低中缝背核TPH及中缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5-HT和SERT的表达;去势大鼠经鼻给予TP则可提高巾缝背核TPH及巾缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5-HT和SERT的表达,但未达到假手术水平;正常大鼠鼻腔给予TP后,中缝背核TPH及中缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5-HT和SERT的表达也显著增加.结论:经鼻给予TP增加大鼠中缝背核TPH及中缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5-HT和SERT的表达,为经鼻给予TP辅助治疗衰老过程中出现的运动相关行为障碍及抑郁症状提供实验依据.     

Amelioratory effects of testosterone propionate supplement on behavioral, biochemical and morphological parameters in aged rats

Testosterone has been shown to affect motor behavior and nigrostriatal dopaminergic (NSDA) system in young and adult male rats. However, it is not known whether exogenous testosterone intervention to aged male rats can ameliorate age-related motor impairment. Thus, in the present study, the open field motor behavior and adhesive tape removal motor performance as well as the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) of NSDA system were examined in aged male rats following chronic subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate (TP). Aged rats showed significantly reduced open field motor behavior and adhesive tape removal motor performance compared to adult rats. Chronic TP supplement significantly ameliorated the age-related motor deficits. The expression of TH and DAT of NSDA system was significantly enhanced in TP-treated aged rats revealed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis respectively. The results imply that chronic TP treatment may favorably improve the declined motor behavior and motor performance with aging. Testosterone propionate supplement that facilitated NSDA system may influence the maintenance of motor behavior and performance in aged rats.     

Modular-level alterations of single-subject gray matter networks in schizophrenia

Brain Imaging and Behavior - Schizophrenia is often regarded as a psychiatric disorder caused by disrupted connections in the brain. Evidence suggests that the gray matter of schizophrenia patients...     

儿童新型冠状病毒感染诊断、治疗和预防专家共识(第二版)

自2019年12月新型冠状病毒感染暴发以来,我国政府采取了严格的防控措施,国内疫情已得到初步控制,但形势依然严峻,境外多个国家也相继出现疫情。根据世界卫生组织的报告:截至2020年3月5日,全球共报告95333例确诊病例(其中我国累计报告确诊病例80565例),85个国家有确诊病例报告,中国将面临输入性病例的传播风险,这为防治我国儿童的疾病疫情提出了新的挑战[1]。在这次疫情中,与成人病例相比,儿童病例相对较少、症状轻、预后较好。目前国内病例数据显示,18岁以下儿童占所有报告病例的2.4%,尚无死亡病例报告[2]。     

儿童囊性纤维化并发变应性支气管肺曲霉菌病1例报告并文献复习

目的 分析囊性纤维化(CF)并发变应性支气管肺曲霉菌病(ABPA)的临床特征.方法 回顾分析1例确诊为CF并发ABPA患儿的临床资料,分析近10年PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库中报道CF并发ABPA的资料.结果 11岁患儿,男,曾诊断哮喘,因持续咳嗽、喘息入院,初步确诊ABPA.基因检测显示患儿CFTR基因变异,汗...