阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与代谢综合征相关机制的探讨

目的　探讨老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)与代谢综合征 (MS)临床并存率较高的可能原因及机制。　 方法　将老年鼾症者 79例分为单纯性鼾症者 (对照组 )及OSAS组 ,并根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)和最低脉氧饱和度 (LSpO2 )分别将OSAS患者进一步分为轻中度及重度OSAS组。比较MS在各组的发生率。测量多导睡眠监测参数 :AHI、LSpO2 、平均脉氧饱和度 (ASpO2 ) ;外周循环中代谢参数 :空腹血糖 (FBG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、真胰岛素 (TI)与胰岛素原 (PI)、血压和体内稳态模式评估 (HOMA)指数 ,以及某些人体指数 :体质量指数 (BMI)、腰围 (WC)及颈围 (NC) ,并分析它们的相关性。　 结果　所有OSAS患者中 2 7 9%并存有MS。重度OSAS组的MS发生率明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。HOMA指数、PI水平均与LSpO2 、ASpO2 呈显著性负相关 ;LSpO2 、ASpO2 与BMI、WC、NC与舒张压呈显著性负相关 ,而与TC、HDL C呈显著性正相关。HOMA指数与PI是重度OSAS的危险因素 ,其OR值(95 %可信限 )分别为 1 92 6(1 3 0 3～ 2 846,P <0 0 1) ,1 716(1 716～ 2 5 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。HOMA指数与重度OSAS的发生独立相关 ,其OR值为 1 991(1 3 0 8～ 3 0 3 0 ,     

Origin and evolution of two Yugur sub-clans in Northwest China: a case study in paternal genetic landscape

Background: Yugur is an ethnic group that was officially identified by the Chinese Government in 1953. Within the population there are two sub-clans distinctly identified as the Eastern Yugur and Western Yugur, partly because they have different local languages.

Aim: A parentage comparison was conducted between the two sub-clans to investigate their genetic relationship.

Subjects and methods: Male subjects were chosen from the two clans to investigate their paternal genetic landscape through typing 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and 12 short tandem repeats (STR) of the Y chromosome.

Results: Significant differences were revealed between the sub-clans at the haplogroup level. Genetic divergence was also observed by analyses of multidimensional scaling (MDS) and principal components (PC). Genetically, the Eastern Yugur are closer to the Han Chinese and Mongolian people than the Western Yugur. The Uygur people, who share a common ancestor (ancient Huihu) with the Yugur, were genetically separate from both sub-clans of Yugur. Moreover, the constructed phylogenetic network for haplogroup O provided further evidence that the two Yugur sub-groups present an underlying genetic difference.

Conclusion: Overall, the diffusion of Mongolians during the Mongol Period has affected the Eastern Yugur more than the Western Yugur. The genetic contribution of the Han people to the Eastern Yugur seems to be more pronounced than to the Western Yugur. Besides the two different contributions referred to above, small population size and genetic drift have resulted in the genetic differentiation of the current sub-clans of Yugur.     

Less reduced gray matter volume in the subregions of superior temporal gyrus predicts better treatment efficacy in drug-naive,first-episode schizophrenia

Decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) has been implicated in the neurophysiology of schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear whether volumetric reduction in the subregions of the STG can predict treatment efficacy for schizophrenia. Our cohort included 44 drug-naive, first-episode patients, 42 unaffected siblings and 44 healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry and pattern classification were utilized to analyze the acquired imaging data as per the anatomical subdivision by a well-defined brainnetome atlas. The patients presented lower GMV values in left TE1.0/1.2 (TE, anterior temporal visual association area) than the siblings, and lower GMV values in the left/right TE1.0/1.2 and left A22r (rostral area 22) than the controls. A positive correlation is observed between the GMV values in the right A38l (lateral area 38) and baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores in the patients. Support vector regression (SVR) results exhibited a significant association between predicted (based on the GMV values in the right A38l) and actual symptomatic improvement based on the reduction ratio of the PANSS total scores (r = 0.498, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that normal structure in the right A38l of the STG may be an important factor indicative of the effects of antipsychotic drugs, which can be potentially used to monitor drug effects for first-episode patients at an early stage in clinical practice.

     

幽门螺杆菌感染诱导胃粘膜环氧化酶-2表达

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌（Hp)感染对胃粘膜环氧化酶－2（COX－2）表达的影响。方法 27例无任何症状健康检查者，经胃镜采取胃窦部粘膜组织，用于Hp检测、病理组织学检查及免疫组织化学检查COX－2的表达。结果 18例Hp感染者胃粘膜上皮细胞和炎症细胞表达COX－2，而9例Hp阴性者胃粘膜均不表达COX－2。结论 Hp感染诱导胃粘膜COX－2表达。     

Amino acids 89–96 of Salmonella typhimurium flagellin represent the major domain responsible for TLR5-independent adjuvanticity in the humoral immune response

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) signaling in response to flagellin is dispensable for inducing humoral immunity, but alterations of aa 89–96, the TLR5 binding site, significantly reduced the adjuvanticity of flagellin. These observations indicate that the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we found that the native form of Salmonella typhimurium aa 89–96-mutant flagellin extracted from flagella retains some TLR5 recognition activity, indicating that aa 89–96 is the primary, but not the only site that imparts TLR5 activity. Additionally, this mutation impaired the production of IL-1β and IL-18. Using TLR5KO mice, we found that aa 89–96 is critical for the humoral adjuvant effect, but this effect was independent of TLR5 activation triggered by this region of flagellin. In summary, our findings suggest that aa 89–96 of flagellin is not only the crucial site responsible for TLR5 recognition, but is also important for humoral immune adjuvanticity through a TLR5-independent pathway.     

齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳的手术治疗

目的:探讨齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳的治疗方案及疗效。方法 :2005年4月~2014年2月共手术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ型齿状突骨折患者48例,男33例,女15例,年龄21~74岁,平均43.3±29.0岁。新鲜骨折43例,陈旧骨折5例。按Grauer分型:Ⅱa型12例,Ⅱb型13例,Ⅱc型11例,浅Ⅲ型12例。术前均有外伤史,伴有颈部疼痛和活动受限。术前常规行颅骨牵引,牵引后骨折均有不同程度的复位。根据患者骨折类型、年龄、牵引复位情况、骨质情况、全身条件选择手术方式,22例采用前路单枚中空齿状突螺钉固定,其中1例因C6椎体骨折同时行C6椎体次全切除钛网支撑植骨钢板固定。24例采用经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定取髂骨植骨融合,其中1例行一期后路C1/2椎弓根螺钉植骨融合+前路C5椎体次全切除钛网置入钢板内固定术,4例因椎动脉骑跨采用枢椎椎板螺钉固定。2例高龄患者因体质差合并骨质疏松,不能耐受全麻手术,行Halo-vest架固定。随访观察患者骨折融合率、颈椎活动度及神经功能恢复情况。结果:患者均顺利完成手术。前路手术患者中2例在术后1周复查CT时发现骨折移位,1例行翻修手术,取出内固定后重新置钉,再次复查CT示骨折复位满意,6个月后骨折愈合;1例改为后路C1/2椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨融合术,术后4个月植骨融合;2例发生喉上神经损伤,出现饮水呛咳,经对症处理后症状缓解。后路手术患者1例术中出现椎动脉破裂,置入螺钉后出血停止,未特殊处理;1例枢椎椎弓根螺钉进入椎管,无神经损伤症状,未特殊处理。所有患者均未发生脑脊液漏和脊髓损伤。随访12~120个月,平均25±72个月,骨折均达到骨性愈合。前路手术组颈椎屈伸和旋转功能正常,后路手术组颈椎旋转功能有不同程度受限。结论:对于齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳的患者,根据骨折类型、患者年龄、牵引复位情况、骨质情况、全身条件综合考虑,制定个体化的手术方案,可获得良好的治疗效果。     

HIV Care After Jail: Low Rates of Engagement in a Vulnerable Population

The criminal justice system is a critical area of focus to improve HIV outcomes and reduce health disparities. We analyzed demographic, incarceration, socioeconomic, and clinical data for HIV-positive persons released to the community from the Dallas County Jail (1450 incarcerations, 1111 unique individuals) between January 2011 and November 2013. The study population was 68% black and 14% Hispanic; overall linkage to care within 90 days of release was 34%. In adjusted analyses, Hispanics were more likely to link than whites (aOR 2.33 [95% CI: 1.55–3.50]), and blacks were as likely to link as whites (aOR 1.14 [95% CI: 0.84–1.56]). The majority of HIV-positive jail releases did not re-engage in HIV care after release, though Hispanics were twice as likely as other groups to link to care. Further efforts are needed to improve the transition from jail to community HIV care with particular attention to issues of housing, mental illness, and substance use.     

球形脂联素对间歇低氧所致H9C2细胞损伤的保护作用及机制

目的：探讨Parkin介导的线粒体自噬在球形脂联素(globular adiponectin,gAPN)减轻间歇低氧(intermittent hypoxia, IH)所致H9C2心肌细胞损伤中的作用及相关机制。方法：建立H9C2细胞IH模型来模拟阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征。 采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。采用JC-1试剂盒检测线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential,MMP)。采用免疫印迹法检测Parkin、Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达。采用Parkin siRNA抑制Parkin基因表达。采用LC3与线粒体红色荧光探针进行荧光共定位检测线粒体自噬。结果：IH暴露后,H9C2细胞凋亡率、Bax及Parkin蛋白表达水平、线粒体自噬明显升高,MMP下降,Bcl-2 蛋白表达水平下降;给予gAPN保护后,IH+gAPN组细胞凋亡率、Bax蛋白表达水平较IH组下降,MMP较IH组升高,Bcl-2及 Parkin蛋白表达水平、线粒体自噬也较IH组升高。抑制Parkin基因表达后,线粒体自噬明显下降,线粒体损伤、心肌细胞凋亡率明显增加。结论：gAPN通过上调Parkin介导的线粒体自噬减轻IH所致H9C2心肌细胞损伤。     

The rate of decrease in oxygen desaturation during severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is correlated with subjective excessive daytime sleepiness

Sleep and Breathing - To explore factors that influence subjective excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Patients with snoring seen at...     

The evaluation of some nutritional indexes in nutritional status of patients with maintenance hemodialysis

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of serum albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), body mass index (BMI), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and hand strength in the nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 126 MHD patients were included in this study who had been on MHD for at least 3 months. Depending on the levels of Alb, patients were divided into two groups：normal nutrition group (group A) and malnutrition group (group B). TP, BMI, MNA and hand strength were also detected at the same time. Independent samples t test, Spearman correlation analysis, ROC curve were used to analyze their difference between the two groups and evaluate their diagnostic value in nutritional status in MHD patients. Results Age, sex, height, weight and dialysis ages had no statistical significant difference (P＞0.05) between group A and group B, whileAlb, TP, BMI, MNA and hand strength had statistical significant difference (P＜0.05) between two groups. After adjusting for age, sex and hemodialysis age, Alb, TP, BMI, MNA and hand strength were positively correlated with each other (P＜0.05).Since the area under the ROC curve of BMI was the smallest, BMI had the lowest diagnostic value in evaluation of the nutritional status in those patients. Conclusions Alb, TP, MNA and hand strength are good indexes in evaluation of the nutritional status in MHD patients but BMI is not.