7-甲氧基-4′-羟基-3′-二乙胺甲基异黄酮(MHDF)对大鼠血流动力学和主动脉的作用

本实验观察了MHDF对整体大鼠血流动力学和离体大鼠胸主动脉的作用。结果表明iv MHDF(3～12.8 mg/kg)能降低大鼠左心室±dp/dt_max,V_max,V_pm和LVSP,延长T-dp/dt_max,减慢心率。MHDF还能舒张大鼠胸主动脉,ED₅₀为6.5×10^-6mol/L;非竞争拮抗NA和CaCl₂致主脉收缩,pD₂′为3.11±0.21和3.73±0.07;抑制高K⁺致主动脉收缩,IC₅₀为1.76×10^-5mol/L。提示MHDF对血管的作用与α受体阻断剂不同,而可能与钙拮抗有关。     

Effect of postchemotherapy nausea and vomiting on health-related quality of life

The purpose was to measure the effects of postchemotherapy nausea and vomiting (PCNV) on health-related quality of life (HQL) in patients receiving either moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. The study sample consisted of 832 chemotherapy-naive patients with cancer who received either moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy as part of multicenter trials of new antiemetics. The patients completed the self-report European Organization for Research and Cancer (EORTC) core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) before chemotherapy (baseline) and 1 week (day 8) and 2–4 weeks after chemotherapy. They also completed a self-report nausea and vomiting (NV) diary for 5–7 days after chemotherapy. To determine the effects of PCNV on HQL, the change in scores between the baseline and day 8 HQL assessments was calculated for each domain and symptom in the QLQ-C30 and compared in four subgroups of patients: those with both nausea and vomiting, those with nausea but no vomiting, those with no nausea but with vomiting, and those with neither nausea nor vomiting. The group with both nausea and vomiting showed statistically significantly worse physical, cognitive and social functioning, global quality of life, fatigue, anorexia, insomnia and dyspnea as compared to the group with neither nausea nor vomiting (0.0001<P<0.05). Patients with only nausea but no vomiting tended to have less worsening in functioning and symptoms than those having both nausea and vomiting. Increased severity of vomiting (>2 episodes) was associated with worsening of only global quality of life and anorexia as compared with 1–2 episodes of vomiting (0.0001<P<0.01). By 2–4 weeks after chemotherapy all HQL scores had either returned to their baseline levels or were better than baseline. PCNV adversely affects several quality-of-life domains, but patients with only nausea experience less disruption than do those with both nausea and vomiting. Patients with 1–2 episodes of vomiting experience almost the same degree of disruption of HQL as do patients with more than 2 episodes of vomiting.     

Alterations in Lung Macrophage Antimicrobial Activity Associated with Viral Pneumonia

Secondary bacterial infections are a common sequelae of viral pneumonias. To study 2 functions of the phagocytic defenses of the lung, macrophages were obtained by lung lavage from parainfluenza 1 virus-infected and noninfected mice. The phagocytic capacities (binding, ingestion, and killing) of these cells were assessed in vitro against viable Candida krusei. Viral pneumonia resulted in a progressive suppression (through day 7 of the infection) of the ability of macrophages to bind candida to their surfaces by nonimmunological or complement receptors; ingestion and intracellular killing of candida were also decreased. After day 7, all these functions returned and, in fact, cells with enhanced activities were present on day 17. After introduction of virus into the lungs, the lung macrophage population increased significantly between days 3 and 7 of infection. This resulted in an increase in the phagocytic potential of the lung, despite the virus-associated suppression of the phagocytic activity in a portion of the macrophages. However, the ability of the macrophages to kill ingested microorganisms was also reduced, resulting in an overall deficiency in the lung macrophage defenses. It was concluded that viral pneumonia was associated with at least two suppressive effects on the lung macrophage-decreased receptor activity and microbicidal activity-resulting in a deficiency in the lung phagocytic defenses represented by these cells. These effects were maximal 1 week after infection and could account for the increased susceptibility of these lungs to secondary bacterial pneumonias. In contrast, during the period of convalescence, the lung macrophage antimicrobial activities were increased and reflected in enhanced resistance of the lungs to infections.     

Enhancement and depression of the antibody response in mice caused by corynebacterium parvum

Corynebacterium parvum was shown to be capable of both enhancing and depressing antibody responses to SRBC and SSS III. These effects were dependent on the dose of antigen and its time of administration with respect to C. parvum. Alterations in the amount of the antigen reaching the spleen could not fully account for these effects. C. parvum depressed the capacity of spleen cells to transfer an antibody response. The homing of ⁵¹Cr-labelled lymph node cells to the spleen was not affected by C. parvum treatment of recipients. The possible mechanisms of the adjuvant and depressive effects of C. parvum on the antibody response are discussed in the light of these findings.     

Social support, social pressures and psychological distress during unemployment

A sample of 1150 unemployed 17 year-olds, containing blacks and whites, males and females, was obtained from 11 urban regions in England. Social support was measured in respect of five different forms of help from others. Measures were also obtained of psychological distress, perceived pressure from others to obtain a job, employment commitment, contact with other young people, and contact with other unemployed young people. Two forms of social support (having someone to turn to for help with money, and having someone to suggest interesting things to do) were significantly associated with measures of distress, as were perceived pressure to obtain a job and employment commitment, but not contact with other unemployed young people. The association between distress and having someone to turn to for help with money was greater for those perceiving pressure from others to obtain a job than those not perceiving pressure. Also, the association between distress and having someone to turn to when feeling low was greater for those with a high employment commitment than for those with a low one. Other associations between support and distress were found to be affected by sex and ethnic differences in the sample. The results are discussed in the light of a stress-buffering model of social support; and the need to disaggregate social support into its component parts is emphasized.     

Factors influencing the psychological impact of prolonged unemployment and of re-employment

Six hundred and twenty-nine unemployed men were re-interviewed 9 months after initial measurement of their psychological health and commitment to the labour market. For those men remaining continuously unemployed between interviews, no further decrement was observed in mean General Health Questionnaire scores after 3 months without a job, but a significant deterioration was recorded for the sub-sample initially unemployed for less than 3 months. Small but significant declines were observed after 3 months on a single-item measure of reported health and on an 8-item index of commitment to the labour market. For those regaining paid work, all measures of health showed large improvements, and employment commitment was unchanged. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with magnitude of changes during continuous unemployment, yielding a systematic pattern of significant relationships. For example, higher employment commitment at initial interview was significantly associated with a greater subsequent decline in psychological health, but not in physical health; reporting a chronic health impairment at initial interview was significantly associated with a greater subsequent decrement in physical health, but not in psychological health.     

Gain of 1q and loss of 22 are the most common changes detected by comparative genomic hybridisation in paediatric ependymoma

Ependymomas are the third most common brain tumour in the paediatric population. Although cytogenetic and molecular analyses have pinpointed deletions of chromosomes 6q, 17, and 22 in a subset of tumours, definitive patterns of genetic aberrations have not been determined. In the present study, we analysed 40 ependymomas from paediatric patients for genomic loss or gain using comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH). Eighteen of the tumours (45%) had no detectable regions of imbalance. In the remaining cases, the most common copy number aberrations were loss of 22 (25% of tumours) and gain of 1q (20%). Three regions of high copy number amplification were noted at 1q24-31 (three cases), 8q21-23 (two cases), and 9p (one case). Although there was no association with the loss or gain of any chromosome arm or with benign versus anaplastic histologic characteristics, the incidence of gain of 7q and 9p and loss of 17 and 22 was significantly higher in recurrent versus primary tumours. This study has identified a number of chromosomal regions that may contain candidate genes involved in the development of different subgroups of ependymoma.     

Behavior of unreduced polymeric and monomdric immunoglobulins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Investigation of the electrophoretic behavior, in SDS-polyacrylamide and SDS-polyacrylamide-agarose gels, of IgMs and low mol. wt. Igs from four classes of vertebrates, as well as fragments derived from them, was carried out. A clear but unexpected straight-line relationship was observed for all Igs (and fragments) tested when relative mobility was plotted against log mol. wt for the unreduced molecules. Aberrant behavior of the low mol. wt Ig of Bufo marinus was shown to be due to the complete dissociation of the molecule into free light chains and heavy-chain dimers, in the presence of SDS.