免疫球蛋白轻链型淀粉样变性治疗进展

免疫球蛋白轻链型淀粉样变性(AL)是最为常见的淀粉样变性类型.近年,AL型淀粉样变性的治疗已取得一定进展.笔者拟就AL型淀粉样变性治疗的相关研究进展,包括基于自体造血干细胞移植治疗方案、基于美法仑治疗方案、基于蛋白酶体抑制剂治疗方案、基于免疫调节剂治疗方案及免疫治疗方案进行综述.     

血清网膜素-1水平与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性研究

目的:探讨血清网膜素-1(Omentin-1)水平与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的关系。方法:收集2013年3月-2014年3月于我院接受治疗的妊娠期糖尿病患者126例,其中GDM合并孕前肥胖孕妇60例(孕前肥胖组),另66例GDM合并孕前体重正常孕妇(孕前正常组);同时选取60例正常健康孕妇(正常组)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测三组血清Omentin-1水平,同时测定糖化指标,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果:孕前肥胖组、孕前正常组FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR水平均高于正常组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且孕前肥胖组的FINS、HOMA-IR高于孕前正常组(P<0.05)。血清Omentin-1水平比较孕前肥胖组最低,孕前正常组稍高,正常组最高,各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。单因素相关分析显示,血清Omentin-1与FPG、BMI、FINS及HOMA-IR呈负相关。通过多元线性逐步回归分析提示GDM患者FINS、FPG、BMI等指标的变化是影响血清Omentin-1水平变化的重要因素。结论:GDM患者的血清Omentin-1水平低于正常水平,且合并肥胖的GDM孕妇其血清Omentin-1水平降低更加显著,因此可以推测血清Omentin-1水平的降低参与了GDM疾病的发生、发展。     

The immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope region of Theiler's virus in resistant C57BL/6 mice is critical for anti-viral immune responses, viral persistence, and binding to the host cells

Theiler's virus infection induces an immune-mediated demyelinating disease, providing a relevant animal model of human multiple sclerosis. VP2(121-130)-specific CD8+ T cells in resistant H-2b mice account for the majority of CNS-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. To further study the role of the CD8(+) T cells, we generated a panel of mutant viruses substituted with L, G, or T at the anchor residue (M130) of the VP2(121-130) epitope. M130L virus (M130L-V) with a substitution of M with L displayed similar properties as wild-type virus (WT-V). However, M130G-V and M130T-V could not establish a persistent infection in the CNS. The level of both virus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses is significantly reduced in mice infected with these variant viruses. While all mutant and wild-type viruses replicate comparably in BHK cells, replication of M130G-V and M130T-V in macrophages was significantly lower compared to those infected with WT-V and M130L-V. Interestingly, these mutant viruses deficient in replication in primary mouse cells showed drastically reduced binding ability to the cells. These results suggest that the anchor residue of the predominant CD8+ T cell epitope of TMEV in resistant mice is critical for the virus to infect target cells and this deficiency may result in poor viral persistence leading to correspondingly low T cell responses in the periphery and CNS. Thus, selection of the cellular binding region of the virus as the predominant epitope for CD8+ T cells in resistant mice may provide a distinct advantage in controlling viral persistence by preventing escape mutations.     

Design,synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of novel 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dinitrotoluene derivatives

A series of novel 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dinitrotoluene derivatives were designed, synthesized in the present study, and their antitumor activities against five cell lines (A431, HepG2, A549, HT-29 and HEK-293) were tested. Most of the compounds exhibited moderate-to-significant cytotoxicity and high selectivity against one or more cell lines in comparison with cisplatin. Studies on their preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) indicated that compounds containing phenyl (piperazin-1-yl) methanone groups, especially chlorine atom at 4-position of the phenyl ring, were more effective. Compound 4g was found to be the most potent derivative with IC₅₀ values of 1.04, 3.20, 6.93, 4.10 and 20.15 μmol/L against A431, Hep G2, A549, HT-29 and HEK-293 cell lines, respectively, which was better than positive control cisplatin, one of the most clinically used chemotherapeutic drugs.     

Aldrete评分在非胃肠道术后患儿早期进食中的应用

目的 探讨Aldrete评分指导早期进食在腹腔镜非胃肠道手术患儿中应用的可行性。 方法 将220例全麻下行腹腔镜非胃肠道手术患儿按时间顺序分为对照组和观察组各110例。对照组采用传统术后6 h进食方案;观察组采用Aldrete评分判断麻醉苏醒情况,指导术后个性化早期进食。 结果 观察组术后进食时间显著早于对照组,术后3 h口干、声音嘶哑及哭闹发生率显著低于对照组（均P＜0.01）;两组进饮后呕吐发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 对腹腔镜下非胃肠道手术后患儿采取Aldrete评分指导个体化早期进食,可降低术后禁食相关不良反应发生率,且安全。     

月骨的临床解剖学及人工假体的研究进展*

目前临床上治疗月骨缺血性坏死的手术方法较多,不同手术方式各有优势,但尚无一种方法在改善患者的疼痛及恢复腕关节功能上明显优于其他治疗。因此,探索新的治疗月骨缺血性坏死的手法方式是手外科医师研究的趋势。近年来,随着对月骨解剖和生物力学分析的深入研究,人工月骨假体置换成为治疗月骨缺血坏死的重要手段。本文旨在结合相关文献资料,对月骨的临床解剖学研究和人工假体的临床应用进行综述。     

携带碘125粒子食管支架治疗食管癌的临床研究

目的:探究携带碘125粒子食管支架治疗食管癌的临床效果。方法:选择2010年1月至2018年1月于本院收治食管癌患者160例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组2组,对照组采用常规食管支架置入治疗,观察组采用携带碘125粒子食管支架治疗,评估两组患者吞咽困难及生活质量改善情况,并观察术后并发症及平均生存期。结果:术后两组患者Stooler评分均较术前降低,且观察组Stooler评分于术后1、3、6、12个月均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;术后3个月观察组吞咽困难、进食不适、疼痛、咽口水困难、吞咽梗阻、口干、言语评分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,而反流、味觉改变、咳嗽比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察组术后1个月并发症发生率16.25%显著低于对照组31.25%（P＜0.05）;观察组平均生存期显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论:携带碘125粒子食管支架治疗食管癌效果显著,可改善患者吞咽困难症状,提高生活质量,延长生存期,值得临床应用推广。     

Micro-CT扫描下舟月骨间韧带的显微解剖学研究

目的研究舟月骨间韧带(SLIL)的形态和血供分布,并从解剖学角度探讨临床上SLIL损伤对其血供的影响及重建的方法。方法2018年10月至2018年12月,选取12例新鲜成人前臂标本,从尺动脉或桡动脉灌注明胶-氧化铅溶液,于Micro-CT下扫描,通过Mimics软件三维重建图像,观察SLIL在中立位的形态和韧带内滋养血管分布,测量韧带掌侧、背侧和近端的宽度、长度、厚度,测量SLIL内滋养血管入口处的解剖参数,并分析其与舟、月骨的血供关系。结果①数字化技术三维重建SLIL的大体形态并测量其解剖参数,近端长度均值最大,掌侧、背侧长度相近;韧带掌侧最宽,厚度最小,而背侧与近端在厚度与宽度上相近。②SLIL的近端无滋养血管分布,掌侧与背侧均有丰富的滋养血管分布,其血供分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③SLIL的掌侧与背侧内滋养血管从SLIL附着处进入舟、月骨内形成吻合。结论SLIL掌侧较宽且厚度小,从解剖学角度分析其较其它亚区更易损伤;其掌侧与背侧亚区均有丰富的血供且与舟、月骨内相吻合,而近端无血管分布,因此,掌、背侧韧带早期轻度损伤有一定的自我修复能力,而近端损伤则较难修复,韧带掌侧与背侧损伤对舟、月骨血供会产生一定影响。     

液状石蜡在小儿头皮静脉输液中的应用

[目的]减轻小儿头皮静脉输液拔针时的疼痛,提高患儿家属满意度。[方法]将158例行头皮静脉输液患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用蘸有液状石蜡的棉签辅助拔针,对照组采用常规拔针法,观察两组平均拔针所需时间与患儿平均哭闹时间以及发生血管周围淤斑例数。[结果]两组平均拔针时间和患儿平均哭闹时间、血管周围淤斑发生率均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。[结论]采用蘸有液状石蜡的棉签辅助拔针可以明显减轻患儿痛苦,提高护理质量。