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Oscillatory motion of the normal cervical spinal cord 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Chernyshev BV Panasyuk YA Semikopnaya II Timofeeva NO 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》2004,34(9):907-918
Spike activity was studied in 95 neurons in the basal magnocellular nucleus in rabbits during spontaneous behavior and during performance of a conditioned operant response. Nearly half the neurons (48.4%) showed significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between spontaneous discharges and the power of the frontal lobe EEG delta rhythm; most of these cells could be identified as cholinergic projection neurons. Neurons of this group had predominantly excitatory responses to the conditioned stimulus during performance of the operant task, while the responses to the conditioned stimulus of presumptively non-cholinergic neurons, not projecting to the cortex, were mainly inhibitory. The activatory responses of neurons in the basal magnocellular nucleus to the conditioned stimulus were markedly stronger while the animals performed the operant response as compared with performances in which there was no response to the conditioned stimulus. These results provide evidence that the basal magnocellular nucleus supports the level of waking and attending required for performance of operant conditioned reflex activity. 相似文献
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Mutational analysis of the SOX9 gene in campomelic dysplasia and autosomal sex reversal: lack of genotype/phenotype correlations 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
Meyer J; Sudbeck P; Held M; Wagner T; Schmitz ML; Bricarelli FD; Eggermont E; Friedrich U; Haas OA; Kobelt A; Leroy JG; Van Maldergem L; Michel E; Mitulla B; Pfeiffer RA; Schinzel A; Schmidt H; Scherer G 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(1):91-98
It has previously been shown that, in the heterozygous state, mutations in
the SOX9 gene cause campomelic dysplasia (CD) and the often associated
autosomal XY sex reversal. In 12 CD patients, 10 novel mutations and one
recurrent mutation were characterized in one SOX9 allele each, and in one
case, no mutation was found. Four missense mutations are all located within
the high mobility group (HMG) domain. They either reduce or abolish the
DNA-binding ability of the mutant SOX9 proteins. Among the five nonsense
and three frameshift mutations identified, two leave the C-terminal
transactivation (TA) domain encompassing residues 402-509 of SOX9 partly or
almost completely intact. When tested in cell transfection experiments, the
recurrent nonsense mutation Y440X, found in two patients who survived for
four and more than 9 years, respectively, exhibits some residual
transactivation ability. In contrast, a frameshift mutation extending the
protein by 70 residues at codon 507, found in a patient who died shortly
after birth, showed no transactivation. This is apparently due to
instability of the mutant SOX9 protein as demonstrated by Western blotting.
Amino acid substitutions and nonsense mutations are found in patients with
and without XY sex reversal, indicating that sex reversal in CD is subject
to variable penetrance. Finally, none of 18 female patients with XY gonadal
dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome) showed an altered SOX9 banding pattern in SSCP
assays, providing evidence that SOX9 mutations do not usually result in XY
sex reversal without skeletal malformations.
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