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1.
Thomas Ruffing Tilmann Rückauer Frederic Bludau Alexander Hofmann Markus Muhm Arnold J Suda 《Injury》2019,50(2):607-612
Introduction
Compression fractures of the cuboid bone in children and adolescents are rare. Fracture morphology, associated lesions, treatment options and long-term outcomes of this very rare injury are published in a few case reports. This study with review of the literature aims to support the understanding of fracture pattern and optimize pathways of decision making.Material and Methods
A retrospective two-center study was performed in a patient cohort treated between 2001 and 2016. All patients aged less than 18 years who sustained a cuboid fracture were included. Age, gender, mechanism of injury, fracture morphology, amount of displacement, associated injuries, and therapy were analyzed. In the follow-up (FU), the AOFAS Midfoot Scale was investigated.Results
Fractures of the cuboid bone were diagnosed in 7 boys and 9 girls. The mean age of the patients was 10 years (range: 2.2–16.1 years). According to the classification of Fenton we detected 11 (69%) type 2, 2 (12%) type 3 and 3 (19%) type 5b fractures. Other fracture types according to Fenton were not observed. All children under 10 years sustained a type 2 fracture. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed in 5 (31%) patients. Bone grafting was not necessary. FU was performed in 14/16 patients on average after 9 years (mean; range: 1.4–16.2 years). The mean AOFAS Midfoot Scale at FU for extra-articular type 2 fractures was 100 points, whereas in intra-articular fractures (Type 3) and fractures associated with mid-tarsal disruption (type 5b) worse results were found (95 and 66 points, accordingly).Conclusion
This rare injury shows inhomogenous morphologies and offers different treatment approaches. Extra-articular Fenton type 2 lesions are the most common type of cuboid fracture in children (69%). A potential loss of length of the lateral column must be considered. In contrast to adults, type 1, 4, and 5a fractures were not found in our cohort of children and adolescents. Lower scores of the AOFAS Midfoot Scale were found with either intra-articular involvement or associated midfoot lesions. 相似文献2.
Erik de Bakker Mirthe A. M. van der Putten Martijn W. Heymans Sander W. Spiekstra Taco Waaijman Liselotte Butzelaar Vera L. Negenborn Vivian K. Beekman Erman O. Akpinar Thomas Rustemeyer Frank B. Niessen Susan Gibbs 《Experimental dermatology》2021,30(1):169-178
Unpredictable hypertrophic scarring (HS) occurs after approximately 35% of all surgical procedures and causes significant physical and psychological complaints. Parallel to the need to understanding the mechanisms underlying HS formation, a prognostic tool is needed. The objective was to determine whether (systemic) immunological differences exist between patients who develop HS and those who develop normotrophic scars (NS) and to assess whether those differences can be used to identify patients prone to developing HS. A prospective cohort study with NS and HS groups in which (a) cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and (b) the irritation threshold (IT) after an irritant (sodium lauryl sulphate) patch test was evaluated. Univariate regression analysis of PBMC cytokine secretion showed that low MCP‐1, IL‐8, IL‐18 and IL‐23 levels have a strong correlation with HS (P < .010‐0.004; AUC = 0.790‐0.883). Notably, combinations of two or three cytokines (TNF‐a, MCP‐1 and IL‐23; AUC: 0.942, Nagelkerke R2: 0.727) showed an improved AUC indicating a better correlation with HS than single cytokine analysis. These combination models produce good prognostic results over a broad probability range (sensitivity: 93.8%, specificity 86.7%, accuracy 90,25% between probability 0.3 and 0.7). Furthermore, the HS group had a lower IT than the NS group and an accuracy of 68%. In conclusion, very fundamental immunological differences exist between individuals who develop HS and those who do not, whereas the cytokine assay forms the basis of a predictive prognostic test for HS formation, the less invasive, easily performed irritant skin patch test is more accessible for daily practice. 相似文献
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Tilmann Krackhardt Dankwart Höntzsch Uwe Ochs Kuno Weise 《Trauma und Berufskrankheit》2002,4(4):383-387
The small external fixator can be used in the treatment of injuries of the wrist and the distal forearm.This fixator is indicated especially when an unstable fracture needs to be treated, when the bone concerned is affected by osteoporosis in an elderly patient,and in the early treatment of polytraumatized patients with severe soft tissue injuries.For reduction of the fracture we prefer the modular three-tube technique, which is very gentle on the soft tissue; in addition we use the advantages of ligamentotaxis.Depending on the fracture type,we use the small external fixator alone or in association with an internal osteosynthesis.With scrupulous followup checks in the outpatient clinic loosening of the Schanz screws and infection around them are very rare. 相似文献
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Andrea Wichelhaus Richard Haas Franz-Günter Sander Joachim-Franz Kreidler 《Journal of orofacial orthopedics》1998,59(6):340-351
For functional rehabilitation and improvement of mandibular mobility, 14 patients with dislocated collum or collum fracture dislocations were treated with a spring activator after surgical-conservative treatment. With an interincisal distance of<12 mm, therapy was started with a loop spring. The average age of the patients was 26.6 years. Eight patients showed additional traumatic injuries, 2 patients were seriously polytraumatically injured. The clinical investigations referring to the maximum mouth opening and maximal interincisal distance resulted in a good to very good functional rehabilitation in all cases. The average maximal interincisal distance of 31.7 mm at the beginning of the spring activator therapy could be increased to 47.3 mm. The largest increase of the maximal interincisal distance was observed after 4 weeks of therapy. The type of reaction, however, differed interindividually. Three patients showed a spontaneous improvement of the interincisal distance within the first 2 to 3 weeks of removal of intermaxillary fixation, whereas 7 patients whowed no improvement or only slightly improved values until insertion of the spring activator. An enlargement of the interincisal distance could be achieved in almost every patient within a relatively short period of time despite a drastically reduced mouth opening. Consequently, because of its mode of action in the form of a neuromuscular influence, the spring activator is especially suitable for the functional rehabilitation of patients with fractures of the condylar process. 相似文献
7.
Sander Greenland 《Statistics in medicine》1993,12(8):717-736
Many epidemiologic investigations are designed to study the effects of multiple exposures. Most of these studies are analysed either by fitting a risk-regression model with all exposures forced in the model, or by using a preliminary-testing algorithm, such as stepwise regression, to produce a smaller model. Research indicates that hierarchical modelling methods can outperform these conventional approaches. I here review these methods and compare two hierarchical methods, empirical-Bayes regression and a variant I call ‘semi-Bayes’ regression, to full-model maximum likelihood and to model reduction by preliminary testing. I then present a simulation study of logistic-regression analysis of weak exposure effects to illustrate the type of accuracy gains one may expect from hierarchical methods. Finally, I compare the performance of the methods in a problem of predicting neonatal mortality rates. Based on the literature to date, I suggest that hierarchical methods should become part of the standard approaches to multiple-exposure studies. 相似文献
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Raph Hamers Sander Bontemps Marjan van den Akker Ruy Souza Júlio Penaforte Niels Chavannes 《Primary care respiratory journal》2006,15(5):299-306
AIMS: The developing world is particularly at risk of an increasing health burden due to an increased prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) secondary to increasing tobacco consumption. However, research is scarce. The objectives of this study were to assess the current competence for diagnosing COPD in primary care in a resource-limited setting in Brazil, and to develop a local patient profile for case-finding. METHODS: 34 general practitioners (GPs) in five areas of northern Brazil recruited adult patients with principal complaints of cough and/or shortness of breath who then had spirometry (n = 142). RESULTS: For the dichotomous variable 'COPD' the degree of agreement between GP diagnosis (n = 64, 18.3%) and spirometric outcome (n = 36, 25.4%) was poor, with Kappa = 0.055 (SE 0.087) and DOR = 1.35. False-positive and false-negative diagnosis proportions were 19.8% and 75%, respectively. Independent risk factors were 'smoking history of more than five pack years' and 'presence of both dyspnoea and cough'. It requires the testing of 2.2 smokers with more than five pack years to detect one patient at risk. CONCLUSIONS: COPD is a common yet underdiagnosed disease in Brazilian primary care. Spirometry improves diagnostic competence and case-finding substantially. If applied in a pre-selected high-risk population, we believe spirometry can be a cost-effective diagnostic tool for case-finding in the resource-limited setting. This study provides important baseline information for effective guideline implementation. 相似文献