Classification tree analysis of second neoplasms in survivors of childhood cancer

Background  

Reports on childhood cancer survivors estimated cumulative probability of developing secondary neoplasms vary from 3,3% to 25% at 25 years from diagnosis, and the risk of developing another cancer to several times greater than in the general population.     

Anatomical considerations of selective pudendal neurectomy

The pudendal nerve was examined in 100 cadavers of both sexes. Because of the variable number of trunks of the pudendal nerve, 5 types were distinguished: one-trunked; two-trunked, rectopudendal; two-trunked, pudendo-penile (or-clitoridal); three-trunked, recto-perineo-penile (or-clitoridal); four-trunked, recto-perineo-perineopenile (or-clitoridal). The authors' suggestions make it possible to perform selective pudendectomy, consisting in denervation of the sphincter urethrae muscle by neurectomy of the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve.     

Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in patients with para-ampullar diverticulosis

It is suggested that the numerous variants of diverticula occurring in the region of the major duodenal papilla should be grouped into four types. Type I--the major duodenal papilla (MDP) is on the floor of the diverticulum; type II--the MDP is in the region of the lower ++semi-circumference of the diverticular orifice while the longitudinal fold runs radially on the wall of the diverticulum; type III--the MDP is in the region of the orifice of the diverticulum while the longitudinal fold does not pass on its wall; type IV--two diverticula located above the MDP to both sides of the longitudinal fold. Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy is considered contraindicated in patients with type I diverticulum. When indicated, the intervention was carried out in patients with types III and IV diverticula. Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy can be conducted in patients with type II diverticulum measuring more than 2 cm.     

Intraportal allogeneic transplantation of the islets of Langerhans cultures in the complex treatment of surgical patients with diabetes mellitus

The article presents results of treatment of 21 patients with a surgical pathology and diabetes mellitus who had intraportal allotransplantation of cultures of islet cells of the pancreas and 316 patients with the similar surgical pathology without such transplantation. It was found that the intraportal introduction of islet cell cultures into the liver can result in an early and considerable drop of the injected insulin dose which is very important in the postoperative period. This method allowed to make the period of treatment at the hospital approximately 15 days shorter.     

Circular stereotactic callosotomy: A preliminary report

Summary The authors propose a new method for performing Stereotactic callosotomy, which they have named circular callosotomy. The operating device is the original Riechert-Mundinger's string electrode, which can be protruded through a side window and by rotating the probe it is possible to cut the commisural pathways to the extent required. The anatomical results of the operation can be checked using MRI scanning.