中药山豆根的形态组织学研究

对目前国内作山豆根用的9种不同植物来源的生药进行了形态组织学的比较研究,观察并描述了它们的生药性状和组织构造,并列出了生药的分种检索表。     

Hello,can you hear me? Orthopaedic clinic telephone consultations in the COVID-19 era- a patient and clinician perspective

BACKGROUNDThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in seismic changes in healthcare delivery. As a result of this, hospital footfall required to be reduced due to increased risk of transmission of infection. To ensure patients can safely access healthcare, we introduced orthopaedic clinic telephone consultations in our busy district general hospital.AIMTo investigate patients’ and clinicians’ perspective of telephone consultations during COVID-19, and whether this method of consultation could be a viable option in the post- pandemic future. METHODSThis is a single centre, prospective study conducted in a busy National Health Service district general hospital. In May 2020, 100 non- consecutive adult patients were contacted by independent investigators within 48 h of their orthopaedic clinic telephone consultation to complete a telephone satisfaction questionnaire. The questions assessed satisfaction regarding various aspects of the consultation including overall satisfaction and willingness to use this approach long term. Satisfaction and perspective of 25 clinicians conducting these telephone consultations was also assessed via an online survey tool.RESULTS93% of patients were overall satisfied with telephone consultations and 79% were willing to continue this method of consultation post- pandemic. Patients found telephone consultations to reduce personal cost and inconvenience associated with attending a hospital appointment. 72% of clinicians reported overall satisfaction with this service and 80% agreed that telephone consultations should be used in the future. The majority found it less laborious in time and administration in comparison to face to face consultations. Patients and clinicians expressed their desire for video consultations as a method of further improving their experience with remote consultations.CONCLUSIONOur study has shown that telephone consultations are a safe and rapid method of adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic, achieving the aim of reducing hospital footfall. This method of consultation has resulted in immense clinician and patient satisfaction. Our findings suggest that this tool has benefits in post pandemic healthcare delivery. It has also highlighted that telephone consultations can act as a steppingstone to the introduction of the more complex platform of video consulting.     

软骨修复组织蛋白多糖代谢与一氧化氮合酶抑制剂的影响

目的:应用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂可改善骨性关节炎和风湿性关节炎软骨的代谢,作者前期的实验也证明一氧化氮合酶抑制剂能提高软骨修复组织的质量。实验进一步观察一氧化氮合酶抑制剂对软骨修复组织蛋白多糖代谢的影响。方法:实验于1999-06/2002-02在南方医科大学完成。①实验分组:取雄性新西兰兔24只,8月龄,体质量(2.5±0.2)kg。随机抽签法分为对照组、骨形态发生蛋白组和S-甲基异硫脲组,每组8只。②实验方法:将大白兔双侧股骨髁间关节面造成全层软骨缺损,对照组:软骨缺损不充填任何物质;骨形态发生蛋白组:缺损用骨形态发生蛋白纤维蛋白凝胶复合物充填;S-甲基异硫脲组:缺损应用胶原复合骨形态发生蛋白充填,术后按5mg/(kg·12h)皮下注射S-甲基异硫脲。术后1年麻醉后处死动物。③实验评估:应用组织切片番红O-快绿染色和图像分析技术,按照染色百分率、平均灰度(平均染色程度)和染色厚度(软骨厚度)指标来检测糖胺聚糖含量;应用Na235SO4掺入法检测软骨修复组织蛋白多糖合成。结果:纳入新西兰兔24只,均进入结果分析。①术后1年,对照组几乎无红色染色区域;骨形态发生蛋白组可见到少量的不均匀红色区域;S-甲基异硫脲组可见到较多均匀一致的红色染色区域。②S-甲基异硫脲组软骨修复组织番红O染色百分率为89.28%,明显高于骨形态发生蛋白组36.54%和对照组13.4%,S-甲基异硫脲组修复组织番红O-快绿染色平均灰度值134.5,分别为骨形态发生蛋白组平均灰度值56.8的2.5倍,为对照组26.4的7倍。软骨平均厚度S-甲基异硫脲组1.75cm分别为骨形态发生蛋白组0.76cm和对照组0.25cm的2倍和6倍。③Na235SO4掺入法结果显示,S-甲基异硫脲组[35S]摄入量明显高于骨形态发生蛋白组和对照组(P<0.01)。结论:诱导型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂S-甲基异硫脲的应用能明显增加软骨修复组织糖胺聚糖含量和蛋白多糖合成,对于软骨修复质量的提高有积极意义。     

Abnormal expression of hepatoma specific gamma-glutamyl transferase and alteration of gamma-glutamyl transferase gene methylation status in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Abnormal expression of hepatoma specific gamma-glutamyl transferase and alteration of gamma-glutamyl transferase gene methylation status in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma@Jiang DR @Huang ZW @Lu JX @Tao QY @Yu JZ @Meng XY     

Effect of time-of-day on the yawning response to apomorphine in normal subjects

The yawning response to the dopamine (DA) receptor agonist apomorphine HCl (Apo, 7 microg/kg s.c.) and placebo (physiological saline) were examined in two groups of normal men. One group (n = 11) was investigated in the morning and the other group (n = 16) in the afternoon. The frequency of yawning was polygraphically monitored for 60 min following injection. Apo increased yawning compared with placebo when given in the morning (p < 0.02), but not when given in the afternoon. Yawning frequency was increased after both Apo (p < 0.01) and placebo (p < 0.025) when given in the morning compared with responses in the afternoon. These results suggest that yawning frequency with both Apo and placebo is influenced by time of day, possibly as a result of diurnal variation in DA receptor sensitivity.     

抗真菌药物的研究II.C-端含氧代赖氨酸二肽的合成及抗白念珠菌活性

引用违法传递概念设计合成了11个C-末端含氧代赖氨酸二肽,进行抗深部致病菌-白念珠菌活性试验,体外实验结果显示极强的抑菌活性,MIC在12.5～0.8μg/disk之间,较母体氧化赖氨酸大50～135倍(克分子比。     

Levels and circadian rhythmicity of plasma ACTH,cortisol, and β-endorphin as a function of family history of alcoholism

Rationale Individuals with a family history of alcoholism may present a dysfunction in the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis that predates the development of alcoholism. Objective The present study investigated the hypothesis that this HPA-axis dysfunction is associated with alterations in the pattern of the circadian (24 h) secretions of adrenal corticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and β-endorphin. Methods Men with [high risk (HR)] or without [low risk (LR)] family history of alcoholism participated in the study. Blood samples were drawn every 30 min for 24 h for estimation of the plasma hormone levels. Participants ingested meals at predetermined intervals and filled out mood questionnaires prior to the placement of the catheter and 1 h after each meal. Results The circadian peaks for β-endorphin, ACTH, and cortisol occurred between 0800 and 0830 hours in both LR and HR participants. The plasma ACTH and β-endorphin concentrations were lower in HR than LR participants, while the plasma cortisol concentrations were similar between HR and LR participants. For each hormone, the total 24-h secretion was estimated from the area under the 24-h time–concentration curve (AUC). For ACTH and β-endorphin, but not the cortisol, AUC were lower in HR than LR participants. LR participants reported being more nervous than HR participants. For the LR participants, but not HR participants, the initial mood ratings of “nervous” were positively correlated with the initial plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations as well as with the cortisol and β-endorphin AUC. Conclusions HR participants presented lower plasma concentrations as well as lower AUC for β-endorphin and ACTH but not for cortisol. This suggests a dysfunction of the HPA-axis in HR participants that predates the development of alcoholism and a dissociation between plasma ACTH and cortisol levels as a function of family history of alcoholism.     

丁公藤碱Ⅱ类似物的合成及其生物活性

本文设计合成了丁公藤碱Ⅱ的C_2脱氧和C_8电子等排类似物。药理结果表明,丁公藤碱Ⅱ的C_2羟基是保持其缩瞳活性的关键部分之一;目的物2和4各自分别具有拟和抗胆碱活性;电子等排目的物16和17既无拟也无抗胆碱作用。     

新缩瞳剂包公藤甲素人工合成研究

包公藤甲素是从包公藤(Erycibe obtusifolia Benth.)茎中提得的一个新莨菪烷生物碱,具有强烈的缩瞳作用,临床用于治疗青光眼。本文报道用合成的6β-乙酰氧基托品酮为原料,经卤代、水解、还原和N-去甲基化等反应合成包甲素(8)。经光谱测定证实8与天然包甲素的结构完全一致。合成品系外消旋体,其作用机理与天然品相同,而强度则减半。     

大黄苷元联合溶栓对血栓栓塞性脑缺血大鼠肺胃损伤的保护作用

目的:观察大黄苷元联合溶栓治疗对大鼠脑缺血损伤肺胃组织的保护作用。方法:实验于2005-08/2006-07在河南中医学院老年医学研究所实验室完成。①260只SD大鼠采用随机数字法分为假手术组20只、模型组60只、尿激酶组60只、大黄苷元组60只、大黄苷元 尿激酶组60只;除假手术组外,其余各组根据缺血后动脉用药时间又各分为3,6,9h3个时间点,每个时间点20只。②自体血栓结合线栓阻塞大鼠大脑中动脉制备局灶性脑缺血动物模型。③各组大鼠均于术前4d灌胃用药,大黄苷元组、大黄苷元 尿激酶组用大黄苷元灌胃(灌胃体积为每100g大鼠1mL),假手术组、模型组和尿激酶组用等体积的生理盐水灌胃;动脉用药除假手术组外,其余各组分别于造模后3,6,9h经导管由区域动脉给药,尿激酶组与大黄苷元 尿激酶组用尿激酶(用药体积为20μL),模型组和大黄苷元组区域动脉用同等体积的生理盐水。④动脉给药后24h,观察大鼠脑组织病理损伤、颅内和胃出血率、脑和肺组织含水量、肺和胃病理损伤变化。结果:实验过程中因麻醉、操作等原因死亡及剔除大鼠156只,进入结果分析104只。①颅内和胃出血率:尿激酶组9h大鼠颅内出血率较模型组高(66.67%,28.57%,P<0.05);尿激酶组9h脑和胃出血率较3h高(脑:66.67%,18.75%;胃:41.18%,17.65,P<0.05);大黄苷元 尿激酶组9h颅内出血率较尿激酶组9h低(P<0.05)。②脑和肺及胃组织病理改变:各模型组大鼠脑、胃和肺组织病理损伤均较假手术组明显;各用药组脑和肺组织分别较相应时间模型组减轻;各组脑、胃和肺组织损伤9h均较其3h明显;大黄苷元 尿激酶组9h较相应时间点尿激酶组和大黄苷元组损伤减轻(P<0.05)。③脑和肺组织含水量:各模型组脑和肺组织含水量均较假手术组增高(P<0.01);尿激酶组和大黄苷元 尿激酶组各时间点均较模型组降低(P<0.01);各组9h分别较其3h脑和肺含水量增加(P<0.01,P<0.05);大黄苷元 尿激酶组6h脑组织和9h肺含水量分别较尿激酶组降低(P<0.05)。结论:脑缺血后延迟溶栓治疗可引起大鼠脑和胃出血率增高、脑组织和肺组织水肿加重,脑和肺及胃组织病理损伤明显;大黄苷元联合溶栓可降低脑出血率,改善神经细胞超微结构,降低脑和肺组织含水量,对脑缺血肺和胃组织损伤具有保护作用。