OBJECTIVES: To determine whether aromatase expression in the eutopic endometrium and adenomyotic foci is affected by previous use of oral contraceptives containing gestodene, and to determine whether changes in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression occur in adenomyosis during the menstrual cycle. PATIENT AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study carried out in paraffin-embedded endometrial tissue obtained from patients with a histological diagnosis of adenomyosis obtained during the proliferative (n = 25) and luteal (n = 10) phases of the menstrual cycle and following the use of continuous oral contraception with gestodene/ethinyl estradiol (n = 7). COX-2 and aromatase expression were measured in both eutopic endometrium and adenomyotic foci using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: Aromatase expression was detected in 80% of the endometrial slices by immunohistochemistry. In positive cases, aromatase was mainly detected in the stromal cells of the eutopic endometrium, whereas in the adenomyotic foci this expression was negative in the majority of the cases. Oral contraceptives containing gestodene, on the other hand, were effective in suppressing aromatase expression in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium. COX-2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in the glandular epithelium of both eutopic endometrium and adenomyotic foci and there were no significant changes in its intensity throughout the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSION: Aromatase expression in the eutopic endometrium and adenomyotic foci is suppressed by oral contraceptives containing gestodene. Increased aromatase activity may be responsible for the persistent COX-2 expression during the luteal phase. 相似文献
Background: Tight perioperative control of blood glucose improves the outcome of diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Because stress response and cardiopulmonary bypass can induce profound hyperglycemia, intraoperative glycemic control may become difficult. The authors undertook a prospective cohort study to determine whether poor intraoperative glycemic control is associated with increased intrahospital morbidity.
Methods: Two hundred consecutive diabetic patients undergoing on-pump heart surgery were enrolled. A standard insulin protocol based on subcutaneous intermediary insulin was given the morning of the surgery. Intravenous insulin therapy was initiated intraoperatively from blood glucose concentrations of 180 mg/dl or greater and titrated according to a predefined protocol. Poor intraoperative glycemic control was defined as four consecutive blood glucose concentrations greater than 200 mg/dl without any decrease in despite insulin therapy. Postoperative blood glucose concentrations were maintained below 140 mg/dl by using aggressive insulin therapy. The main endpoints were severe cardiovascular, respiratory, infectious, neurologic, and renal in-hospital morbidity.
Results: Insulin therapy was required intraoperatively in 36% of patients, and poor intraoperative glycemic control was observed in 18% of patients. Poor intraoperative glycemic control was significantly more frequent in patients with severe postoperative morbidity (37% vs. 10%; P < 0.001). The adjusted odds ratio for severe postoperative morbidity among patients with a poor intraoperative glycemic control as compared with patients without was 7.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.7-19.0). 相似文献
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to radiographically quantify bone density and bone height preservation in tooth extraction alveolus filled with xenograft. STUDY DESIGN: The maxillary and mandibular fourth deciduous molars and fourth premolars of 6 minipigs were removed. Randomly, in 3 animals the right side was used as the test side and in the other 3 animals the left side was the test side. Intraoral radiographs were performed to compare the condition at the initial time and 3 months later. Measurements of bone height and bone density were performed using KS300 (Zeiss) software. RESULTS: After 3 months, there was a statistically significant smaller bone height loss for the test group. The test group presented a statistically greater bone density immediately after tooth extraction. However, after 3 months there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that treatment of postextraction alveolus with xenograft can preserve bone height initially but differences in bone density compared to when no xenograft is used are not sustained. 相似文献
BACKGROUND: Although normally quiescent, the adult mammalian liver possesses a great capacity to regenerate after different types of injury. Major players in the regeneration process are mature residual cells, including hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and stromal cells. However, if the regenerative capacity of mature cells is impaired, hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are activated and expand into the liver parenchyma. Upon transit amplification, the progenitor cells generate new hepatocytes and biliary cells to restore liver homeostasis. AIMS/METHODS: To study the relationship between different histopathological parameters as well as their correlations with clinical parameters and outcome, we examined liver specimens from 74 patients with acute or subacute severe liver impairment by immunohistochemistry for CK7/CK19 (evaluation of HPCs activation/differentiation), Mib1(Ki 67)/P21 (evaluation of proliferative activity/proliferation arrest of hepatocytes) and hematoxylin and eosin (evaluation of hepatocyte loss). RESULTS: Of the 74 patients, 32% survived without transplantation, 14% died without transplantation and 54% were transplanted. Our results show that a threshold of 50% loss of hepatocytes, associated with significant decrease in the proliferative activity of remaining mature hepatocytes, is needed for extensive hepatic progenitor cell activation. Such activation is a sign of disease severity and occurs early (within 1 week) in the disease course. However, development of intermediate hepatocytes, suggesting HPCs differentiation towards mature hepatocytes, takes at least 1 week's time. We found a positive correlation between histopathological parameters (percentage hepatocyte loss, number of proliferating hepatocytes and number of HPCs) and clinical parameters of liver impairment such as model for end stage liver diseases (MELD). Surviving patients compared with those who either died or were transplanted had significantly less hepatocyte loss, less HPCs activation and more mature hepatocyte proliferative activity. Hepatocyte proliferative activity and degree of hepatocyte loss were the most important independent histopathological parameters in predicting outcome. CONCLUSION: Liver biopsy can provide important additional information in a patient with severe acute liver impairment. 相似文献
We sought to quantify the systematic and random errors associated with-artifacts in the platens compression test for trabecular bone. Our hypothesis was that while errors may depend on anatomic site, they do not depend on apparent density and therefore have substantial random components. Trabecular bone specimens were first tested nondestructively using newly developed accurate protocols and then were tested again using the platens compression test. Percentage differences in modulus between the techniques (bovine) proximal tibia [n = 18] and humerus [n = 17] and human lumbar spine, [n = 9] were in the range of 4-86%. These differences did not depend on anatomic site (p = 0.21) and were only weakly dependent on apparent density and specimen aspect ratio (r2 < 0.10). The mean percentage difference in modulus was 32.6% representing the systematic component of the end-artifact error. Neglecting the minor variations explained by density and specimen size (approximately 10%), an upper bound on the random error from end-artifacts in this experiment was taken as the SD of the modulus difference (±18.2%). Based on a synthesis of data taken from this study and from the literature, we concluded that the systematic underestimation error in the platens compression test can be only approximated and is in the range of 20-40%; the substantial random error (±12.5%) confounds correction, particularly when the sample size is small. These errors should be considered when interpreting results from the platens test, and more accurate testing techniques should be used when such errors are not acceptable. 相似文献