全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14602篇 |
免费 | 698篇 |
国内免费 | 80篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 209篇 |
儿科学 | 223篇 |
妇产科学 | 140篇 |
基础医学 | 1719篇 |
口腔科学 | 235篇 |
临床医学 | 904篇 |
内科学 | 4195篇 |
皮肤病学 | 222篇 |
神经病学 | 969篇 |
特种医学 | 775篇 |
外科学 | 2502篇 |
综合类 | 46篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 466篇 |
眼科学 | 141篇 |
药学 | 1010篇 |
中国医学 | 78篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1545篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 65篇 |
2022年 | 120篇 |
2021年 | 230篇 |
2020年 | 148篇 |
2019年 | 234篇 |
2018年 | 264篇 |
2017年 | 222篇 |
2016年 | 293篇 |
2015年 | 259篇 |
2014年 | 348篇 |
2013年 | 454篇 |
2012年 | 728篇 |
2011年 | 814篇 |
2010年 | 437篇 |
2009年 | 418篇 |
2008年 | 712篇 |
2007年 | 762篇 |
2006年 | 776篇 |
2005年 | 875篇 |
2004年 | 800篇 |
2003年 | 841篇 |
2002年 | 809篇 |
2001年 | 376篇 |
2000年 | 391篇 |
1999年 | 383篇 |
1998年 | 230篇 |
1997年 | 157篇 |
1996年 | 155篇 |
1995年 | 142篇 |
1994年 | 144篇 |
1993年 | 131篇 |
1992年 | 278篇 |
1991年 | 223篇 |
1990年 | 231篇 |
1989年 | 215篇 |
1988年 | 209篇 |
1987年 | 195篇 |
1986年 | 181篇 |
1985年 | 166篇 |
1984年 | 128篇 |
1983年 | 93篇 |
1982年 | 43篇 |
1981年 | 44篇 |
1980年 | 46篇 |
1979年 | 73篇 |
1978年 | 37篇 |
1977年 | 57篇 |
1975年 | 41篇 |
1974年 | 44篇 |
1971年 | 50篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Kensuke Kudou Hiroshi Saeki Yuichiro Nakashima Shun Sasaki Tomoko Jogo Kosuke Hirose Qingjiang Hu Yasuo Tsuda Koichi Kimura Ryota Nakanishi Nobuhide Kubo Koji Ando Eiji Oki Tetsuo Ikeda Yoshihiko Maehara 《American journal of surgery》2019,217(4):757-763
Background
There were few studies assessed the postoperative sarcopenia in patients with cancers. The objective of present study was to assess whether postoperative development of sarcopenia could predict a poor prognosis in patients with adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction, (AEG) and upper gastric cancer (UGC).Methods
Patients with AEG and UGC who were judged as non-sarcopenic before surgery were reassessed the presence of postoperative development of sarcopenia 6 months after surgery. Patients were divided into the development group or non-development group, and clinicopathological factors and prognosis between these two groups were analyzed.Results
The 5-year overall survival rates were significantly poorer in the development group than non-development group (68.0% vs. 92.6%, P?=?0.0118). Multivariate analyses showed that postoperative development of sarcopenia was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival (P?=?0.0237).Conclusions
Postoperative development of sarcopenia was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with AEG and UGC. 相似文献2.
Shimon Kurasawa Takahiro Imaizumi Shoichi Maruyama Keitaro Tanaka Yoko Kubo Mako Nagayoshi Hiroaki Ikezaki Sadao Suzuki Teruhide Koyama Chihaya Koriyama Aya Kadota Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano Kiyonori Kuriki Kenji Wakai Keitaro Matsuo 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2023,153(4):732-741
The association between kidney function and cancer incidence is inconsistent among previous reports, and data on the Japanese population are lacking. It is unknown whether kidney function modifies the cancer risk of other factors. We aimed to evaluate the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with cancer incidence and mortality in 55 242 participants (median age, 57 years; 55% women) from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. We also investigated differences in cancer risk factors between individuals with and without kidney dysfunction. During a median 9.3-year follow-up period, 4278 (7.7%) subjects developed cancer. Moderately low and high eGFRs were associated with higher cancer incidence; compared with eGFR of 60-74 ml/min/1.73 m2, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for eGFRs of ≥90, 75-89, 45-59, 30-44 and 10-29 ml/min/1.73 m2 were 1.18 (1.07-1.29), 1.09 (1.01-1.17), 0.93 (0.83-1.04), 1.36 (1.00-1.84) and 1.12 (0.55-2.26), respectively. High eGFR was associated with higher cancer mortality, while low eGFR was not; the adjusted subdistribution HRs (95% CIs) for eGFRs of ≥90 and 75-89 ml/min/1.73 m2 were 1.58 (1.29-1.94) and 1.27 (1.08-1.50), respectively. Subgroup analyses of participants with eGFRs ≥60 and <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 revealed elevated cancer risks of smoking and family history of cancer in those with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, with significant interactions. Our findings suggest that the relationship between eGFR and cancer incidence was U-shaped. Only high eGFR was associated with cancer mortality. Kidney dysfunction enhanced cancer risk from smoking. 相似文献
3.
4.
Shinichiro Uchiyama Takao Hoshino Leila Sissani Monteiro Tavares Linsay Kenji Kamiyama Taizen Nakase Kazuo Kitagawa Kazuo Minematsu Kenichi Todo Yasushi Okada Jyoji Nakagawara Ken Nagata Hiroshi Yamagami Takenori Yamaguchi Pierre Amarenco 《Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases》2019,28(8):2232-2241
BackgroundTIAregistry.org is an international cohort of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke within 7 days before enrollment in the registry. Main analyses of 1-year follow-up data have been reported.5 We conducted subanalysis on the baseline and 1-year follow-up data of Japanese patients.MethodsThe patients were classified into 2 groups based on Japanese ethnicity, Japanese (345) and non-Japanese (3238), and their baseline data and 1-year event rates were compared. We also determined risk factors and predictors of 1-year stroke.ResultsCurrent smoking, regular alcohol drinking, intracranial arterial stenosis, and small vessel occlusion; and hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and extracranial arterial stenosis were more and less common among Japanese patients, respectively. Stroke risk was higher and TIA risk was lower at 1-year follow-up among Japanese patients. The baseline risk factors for recurrent stroke were diabetes, alcohol drinking, and large artery atherosclerosis. Independent predictors of 1-year stroke risk were prior congestive heart failure and alcohol consumption.ConclusionsThe two populations of patients featured differences in risk factors, stroke subtypes, and outcome events. Predictors of recurrent stroke among Japanese patients included congestive heart failure and regular alcohol drinking. Strategies to attenuate residual risk of stroke aside from adherence to current guidelines should take our Japanese-patient specific findings into account. 相似文献
5.
Yamaoka Mai Yoshida Mahoko Nakashima Ayumu Doi Shigehiro Naito Takayuki Masaki Takao 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》2022,26(11):1111-1118
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology - The association between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and stroke in Japanese hemodialysis (HD) outpatients is unclear. Therefore, in... 相似文献
6.
Takao Itoi Atsushi Sofuni Fumihide Itokawa Yasushi Shinohara Kazuya Takeda Kazuto Nakamura Toshio Kurihara Takayoshi Tsuchiya Fuminori Moriyasu 《Digestive endoscopy》2006,18(3):232-238
We describe our methods and outcomes of multidisciplinary treatments in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Fifty‐seven patients with a known outcome were enrolled. Thirty‐four of 57 patients were treated and evaluated by salvage therapy. For salvage therapy, we used internal and external radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, YAG laser therapy and microwave coagulation therapy. The median survival time was 548 days for the group receiving salvage therapy and 198 days for the group not receiving this treatment. In conclusion, although no randomization of the patients was performed in this retrospective study, our present data provide convincing evidence that salvage therapy is a useful therapeutic approach for unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinomas. 相似文献
7.
Kazuhiko Tsuruya Atsumi Harada Shinji Kubo Kouji Mitsuiki Kazuhito Takeda 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》1997,1(2):131-135
A 69-year-old man was admitted to our kidney center with endstage renal failure. We started intermittent peritoneal dialysis
immediately because of severe azotemia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. Two weeks after admission, he developed uremic
pericarditis with frequent ventricular premature contractions and supraventricular premature contractions. The intermittent
peritoneal dialysis was then replaced by intensive hemodialysis, and oral administration of 300 mg/d of cibenzoline was started.
Four days later, he developed thirst, weakness, and dyspnea due to respiratory muscular paralysis. We initiated respiratory
support with a respirator because analysis of his blood gases revealed marked hypercapnia and hypoxia. He also developed hypoglycemia
and prolonged PQ and QRS intervals on the electrocardiogram, which we believed were due to cibenzoline intoxication; we discontinued
the cibenzoline immediately. All symptoms improved, and he was extubated 5 days later. After 2 months, his pericardial effusion
disappeared. He now continues maintenance hemodialysis as an outpatient. We suspect that the cibenzoline induced the respiratory
muscular paralysis for 2 reasons: 1) the patient experienced the respiratory muscular paralysis, at the same time he also
experienced thirst, weakness, hypoglycemia, and prolonged PQ and QRS intervals on electrocardiogram, and all of these symptoms
improved after the discontinuation of cibenzoline, and 2) his plasma concentration of cibenzoline became remarkably elevated,
to 20 times above the standard therapeutic level. This patient's clinical course indicates that hemodialysis might be superior
to intermittent peritoneal dialysis for treatment of cibenzoline intoxication. 相似文献
8.
Yukio Ito M.D. Yoshihide Fujimoto M.D. Takao Obara M.D. Takaya Kodama M.D. 《World journal of surgery》1990,14(3):330-334
Thirty-seven patients with primary aldosteronism were treated by unilateral total adrenalectomy during a 7-year period (1981–1987). The 37 patients were classified into 3 groups on the basis of adrenal pathology: unilateral solitary adenoma, 23 cases (group 1); unilateral adenomas, 3 cases (group 2); and adenoma with multiple macro- or microscopic nodules, 11 cases (group 3). The preoperative conditions of the patients (age, duration of hypertension, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration, and serum potassium concentration), postoperative sequential changes of hormone levels, and outcome of hypertension were compared among the groups in order to determine whether the differences of adrenal pathology would affect the postoperative course. The preoperative parameters excluding age at surgery did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. The mean age in group 3, however, was slightly higher than in groups 1 and 2 (47.8 versus 42.8 versus 42.7 years).
Postoperative hormonal changes were also similar, particularly in groups 1 and 3, staying within the normal range throughout the follow-up period (mean, 31 months; range, 3–86 months). However, postoperative improvement of hypertension showed marked differences, being significantl retarded in patients with multinodular lesions (group 3), about half of whom remained hypertensive even after 1 year. Nodular lesions other than adenoma(s) were, therefore, thought not to contribute to hormonal excess but to result from intractable hypertension.
Presented at the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, September, 1989. 相似文献
Resumen Treinta y siete pacientes con aldosteronismo primario fueron tratados mediante adrenalectomía total unilateral en un período de 7 años (1981–1987). Los 37 pacientes fueron clasificados en 3 grupos con base en la patología adrenal: adenoma solitario unilateral, 23 casos (grupo I); adenomas unilaterales, 3 casos (grupo 2); y adenoma con múltiples macro-o micronódulos, 11 casos (grupo 3). Las condiciones preoperatorias de los pacientes (edad, duración de la hipertensión, actividad de renina plasmática, concentración plasmática de aldosterona, y concentración sérica de potasio), los cambios postoperatorios secuenciales en los niveles hormonales, y el resultado de la hipertensión fueron comparados en los 3 grupos, con el objeto de determinar si las diferencias en la patología adrenal podrían afectar la evolución postoperatoria. Los parámetros preoperatorios, excluyendo la edad en el momento de la cirugía, no diferieron significativamente en los 3 grupos. La edad promedio en el grupo 3, sin embargo, fue ligeramente superior en los grupos 1 y 2 (47.8 versus 42.8 versus 42.7 años).Los cambios hormonales postoperatorios también fueron similares, particularmente en los grupos 1 y 3, manteniéndose dentro del rango normal a través del seguimiento (promedio, 31 meses; rango, 3–86). Sin embargo, la mejoría postoperatoria de la hipertensión exhibió diferencias marcadas, con aparación significativamente tardía en pacientes con lesiones nodulares (grupo 3); aproximadamente la mitad de éstos permanecieron hipertensos aún después de un año. Por consiguiente, se piensa que las lesiones nodulares diferentes del adenoma(s) no contribuyen al exceso hormonal sino que resultan de la hipertensión intratable.
Résumé Trente-sept patients ayant un hyperaldostéronisme primaire ont eu une surrénalectomie totale unilatérale entre 1981 et 1987. Ces 37 patients ont été classés en 3 groupes selon la pathologie surrénalienne: adénome solitaire unilatéral, 23 cas (groupe 1); adénome unilatéral, 3 cas (groupe 2); et adénome avec nodules micro ou macroscopiques multiples, 11 cas (groupe 3). On a comparé les données préopératoires (âge, durée de l'hypertension, activité rénine plasmatique, concentration d'aldostérone plasmatique et kaliémie), les changements hormonaux postopératoires, et l'évolution de l'hypertension afin de déterminer si des différences de pathologie surrénalienne peuvent influencer l'évolution postopératoire. Les paramètres préopératoires (excepté l'âge) ne différaient pas de façon significative parmi les 3 groupes. L'âge moyen était plus élevé dans le groupe 3 que dans les groupes 1 et 2 (47.8 versus 42.8 versus 42.7 ans).Les variations hormonales postopératoires étaient également similaires, surtout dans les groupes 1 et 3, restant dans les limites de la normale pendant la période de suivi (moyenne, 31 mois; extrêmes, 3 à 86 mois). Cependant l'amélioration de l'hypertension postopératoire était différente, retardée de façon significative chez les patients ayant des lésions multinodulaires (groupe 3), la moitié d'entre eux restant hypertendus après un an. Les lésions nodulaires, étant donné que les adénomes ne donnent pas d'hypersécrétion hormonale, peuvent traduire plutôt une hypertension prolongée.
Presented at the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, September, 1989. 相似文献
9.
Shoji Kubo Hiroaki Kinoshita Kazuhiro Hirohashi Takatsugu Yamamoto 《Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery》1995,2(1):85-89
A case of cystadenocarcinoma of the liver is reported. The patient was a 73-year-old woman in whom a tumor was detected in
the lateral segment of the liver during a health examination. Ultrasonograms and computed tomograms showed a multilocular
cystic mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a multilocular lowintensity mass, including a high-intensity portion
and a portal branch compressed by the tumor. MRI with gadolinium showed an enhanced cyst wall. The cystic part of the tumor
became smaller and the solid part became larger over a 1-month period, indicating that the tumor was malignant. Subsegmentectomy
(S3) was performed and cystadenocarcinoma with cystadenoma was diagnosed by histopathological examination. Identification of
changes in the appearance of a tumor should be helpful for the differential diagnosis of cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma. 相似文献
10.
A variant of the HL-60 cell line, HL-60/MCSFR4D2, has been found to express twice the amount of PTP1C as compared to the parental HL-60 cell line by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. Differentiation of the variant cells after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment was examined by the appearance of adherence. In 1% fetal calf serum (FCS), 20% of HL-60/MCSFR4D2 cells exhibited adherence after treatment with 0.5 ng/ml PMA for 48 h, 60% exhibited adherence after treatment with 1.0 ng/ml PMA and 80% exhibited adherence after treatment with 5.0 ng/ml PMA, while HL-60 cells exhibited only a slight response. Furthermore, antisense PTP1C oligonucleotides decreased the PMA-induced adherence of HL-60/MCSFR4D2 cells. These results suggest that the high-expression of PTP1C in HL-60 cells may be involved in the enhancement of susceptibility to macrophage-like differentiation by PMA. 相似文献