大狼毒三萜类化学成分的研究

自大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)植物大狼毒(Euphorbia nematocypha Hand—Mazz)根的乙醇提取物的苯溶解部分,经20%AgNO₃硅胶层析,分离得到七个三萜类成分。根据光谱(IR,EIMS,¹H—NMR和¹³C—NMR)和化学方法,确定其中一个化合物为新化合物,命名为大狼毒醇(nematocyphol,Ⅳa),其它化合物为已知物:印度荆芥醇乙酸酯(nepehinol acetate Ⅰ),日尔曼醇乙酸酯(germanicol acetate Ⅱ),大戟醇(euphol,Ⅲ),蒲公英醇(taraxasterol,Ⅴa),24-亚甲基环阿尔廷醇(24-methylenecycloartanol,Ⅴa)和印度荆芥醇(nepehinol,Ⅶa)。这些化合物均为首次从大狼毒中得到。     

Profile of non-compliance in lymphoblastic leukaemia

A nationwide study of intracellular drug metabolite concentrations in children prescribed 6-mercaptopurine for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukaemia was carried out to assess interpatient variability at a standardised dose. Nine children (2% of the total) had completely undetectable metabolites, indicative of non-compliance. Five were adolescents, but otherwise they had no obvious distinguishing characteristics. Not taking any 6-mercaptopurine at all is uncommon, but the problem cannot be predicted. The total number of children who do not comply cannot be determined from this study, but the nine children described represent only a fraction of these.     

New hypointense lesions on MRI in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients

BACKGROUND: Preliminary observational studies with multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have reported strong correlations between an increase in hypointense lesion load (black holes) on T1-weighted spin echo images, and an increase in disability. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the relationship of hypointense lesions to the clinical course of disease among 50 relapsing-remitting MS patients in the controlled setting of a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Fifty patients with relapsing-remitting disease were enrolled in a randomized double-blind two-arm (cladribine vs. placebo) clinical trial of 1-year duration. All patients had monthly clinical evaluations and MRIs over the course of the trial. Multivariate techniques were used to identify predictors of clinical severity from information on exacerbations, MRIs, baseline clinical parameters, and demographics. RESULTS: At baseline, clinical severity is weakly related to counts of black holes, with rank correlations between counts and clinical scores (EDSS and SNRS) of absolute magnitude 0.3. Rates of appearance of new black holes over the course of the trial are higher for patients with more severe disease at baseline (EDSS > or = 4) than for the less severe patients. Changes in clinical severity over the course of the trial are best predicted by baseline neurologic scores and numbers of exacerbations, with black holes adding no further improvement in prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Numbers of exacerbations seem more critical to short-term clinical outcomes in relapsing-remitting MS, as reflected by patients' clinical scores, rather than black holes. Various imaging methods and MRI indices capture complementary information relating to MS disease processes. The determination of which processes are affected by different drugs should lead to more effective treatment of MS patients.     

Immune responses against SARS-coronavirus nucleocapsid protein induced by DNA vaccine

The nucleocapsid （N） protein of SARS-coronavirus （SARS-CoV） is the key protein for the formation of the helical nucleocapsid during virion assembly. This protein is believed to be more conserved than other proteins of the virus, such as spike and membrane glycoprotein. In this study, the N protein of SARS-CoV was expressed in Escherichia coli DHSalpha and identified with pooled sera from patients in the convalescence phase of SARS. A plasmid pCI-N, encoding the full-length N gene of SARS-CoV, was constructed. Expression of the N protein was observed in COS1 cells following transfection with pCI-N. The immune responses induced by intramuscular immunization with pCI-N were evaluated in a murine model. Serum anti-N immunoglobutins and splenocytes proliferative responses against N protein were observed in immunized BALB/c mice. The major immunoglobulin G subclass recognizing N protein was immunoglobulin G2a, and stimulated splenocytes secreted high levels of gamma interferon and IL-2 in response to N protein. More importantly, the immunized mice produced strong delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH） and CD^8＋ CTL responses to N protein.     

千层塔中三萜成分的研究

前曾报道自千层塔[Huperzia serrata Thunb.(Trev)=Lycopodium serratum Thunb(Trev.)]中分得具有胆碱酯酶抑制活性的新生物碱——石杉碱甲、石杉碱乙、甲基石杉碱乙及已知生物碱8-deoxyserratinine,serratinine,lycodoline及lycoclavine。为进一步阐明该植物的化学成分,我们对其三萜成分进行了研究。从浙江安吉产的千层塔植物中分到六个石松三萜,其中一个为新化合物,经下述方法推定为serratenediol-21-acetate(Ⅰ)。另五     

国产麻黄的形态组织学研究——Ⅱ.西南主产种及其它种

本文报道我国西南产麻黄——丽江麻黄Ephedra likiangensis Florin、匍枝丽江麻黄E.likiangensis f.mairei(Florin)C.Y.Cheng、藏麻黄E.saxatilis Royle ex Florin、山岭麻黄E.gerardiana Wall、垫状山岭麻黄E.gerardiana Var.congesta C.Y.Cheng、矮麻黄E.minuta Florin和异株矮麻黄E.minuta var.dioeca C.Y.Cheng,以及形态组织特征较特殊的宁夏产斑子麻黄E.lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng、新疆产窄膜麻黄E.lomatolepis Schrenk,西藏产西藏中麻黄E.intermedia var.tibetica Stapf的生药形态组织学研究结果。并根据对国产麻黄的生药形态组织学的系统研究结果,分别编写了各种国产麻黄(包括13种3变种1变型)的生药性状和生药显微特征检索表。     

蜜环菌菌丝体化学成分的研究——Ⅴ.蜜环菌辛素和蜜环菌壬素的分离与鉴定

从人工液体发酵培养的蜜环菌[Armillaria mellea(Vahl.ex Fr.)Quel.]菌丝体的石油醚提取物中,经硅胶柱层析,低压柱层析和制备性薄层层析分离得到两个新的原伊鲁烷型倍半萜芳香酸酯类化合物。命名为蜜环菌辛素(armillarilin)和蜜环菌壬素(armillarinia),根据光谱(UV,IR,~1HNMR,~(13)CNMR和MS)分析,推定它们的化学结构分别为Ⅰ和Ⅱ。