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排序方式: 共有723条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
Toshiro Hara Rony Chanoch-Myers Nathan D. Mathewson Chad Myskiw Lyla Atta Lillian Bussema Stephen W. Eichhorn Alissa C. Greenwald Gabriela S. Kinker Christopher Rodman L. Nicolas Gonzalez Castro Hiroaki Wakimoto Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen Xiaowei Zhuang Jean Fan Tony Hunter Inder M. Verma Kai W. Wucherpfennig Itay Tirosh 《Cancer cell》2021,39(6):779-792.e11
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Methods for repeated recording in visual cortex of anesthetized and awake behaving infant monkeys. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H R Rodman 《Journal of neuroscience methods》1991,38(2-3):209-222
This report describes methods for making repeated recordings from visual cortex in infant macaque monkeys (age range 5 weeks to 7 months) both under nitrous oxide anesthesia and in an alert behaving state. These methods permitted successful collection of single-unit data from inferior temporal cortex and other areas in a longitudinal fashion from individual infants. For the anesthetized experiments, modifications of our standard techniques for surgical preparation and maintenance of the animal in an anesthetized, artificially ventilated state permitted repeated recording sessions while assuring the animal's continued health and normal growth. Following implantation with an eye coil, monkeys as young as 5 weeks could be trained to perform a fixation task during alert recording sessions which were likewise performed on a repeated basis with maintained health and development. Further, comparison of results from anesthetized and awake recording sessions indicates that alert recording is preferable for collecting certain types of data from visual cortex in infant monkeys. 相似文献
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Promoting clinically effective practice: general practitioners' awareness of sources of research evidence 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Prescott K; Lloyd M; Douglas HR; Haines A; Humphrey C; Rosenthal J; Watt I 《Family practice》1997,14(4):320-323
BACKGROUND: Practitioners are being encouraged to base their clinical
practice on research evidence. In order to do this, they must be aware of
and use the sources of evidence. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was
undertaken to establish GPs' awareness of research evidence in their
clinical practice and, in fundholding practices, its influence on
purchasing plans. Questionnaires were sent to 360 lead fundholders in North
Thames Region and 440 of a random sample of the remaining general
practitioners in the region for comparison. RESULTS: Questionnaires were
returned by 62% of lead fundholders and 63% of GPs in the random sample.
There was limited use of the electronic sources of clinical effectiveness.
There was greater reported awareness of published sources of research
evidence and fundholding GPs were significantly more likely to have
referred to publications summarizing research evidence. CONCLUSIONS: GPs
seem to make more use of published clinical effectiveness sources than the
electronic databases. Consequently, they need educational and technical
support if they are to make full use of the available sources of research
evidence available in other media.
相似文献
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Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand can induce apoptosis in subsets of premalignant cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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![点击此处可从《The American journal of pathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Lu X Arbiser JL West J Hoedt-Miller M Sheridan A Govindarajan B Harral JW Rodman DM Fouty B 《The American journal of pathology》2004,165(5):1613-1620
During the transformation from a normal to a malignant cell, several mutations are required to bypass the pathways responsible for controlling proliferation. Premalignant cells have acquired some, but not all of these mutations and consequently have not yet attained a malignant phenotype characterized by tumor formation in vivo. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis in malignant cells while sparing normal ones and is currently being considered as adjuvant therapy for various human malignancies. Whether TRAIL is effective in inducing apoptosis in premalignant cells is unclear, however. We studied the effect of TRAIL on two human premalignant cell lines the SV7tert and HA1E cells. Both cell lines had been immortalized by the addition of simian virus 40 large T antigen and the telomerase subunit hTERT, but had not been transformed into malignant cells. TRAIL initiated apoptosis by activating both the mitochondrial-independent and -dependent apoptotic pathways in both cell lines at relatively low doses whereas it had no effect on normal human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells even at high doses. These results suggest that TRAIL can induce apoptosis in premalignant cells and suggests a novel therapy for the treatment of premalignant lesions in vivo. 相似文献
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Liver-infiltrating T helper cells in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis stimulate the production of autoantibodies against the human asialoglycoprotein receptor in vitro. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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![点击此处可从《Clinical and experimental immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
H. L
HR U. TREICHEL T. PORALLA M. MANNS K. H. MEYER ZUM BÜSCHENFELDE B. FLEISCHER 《Clinical and experimental immunology》1992,88(1):45-49
Autoantibodies against the human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) occur in the sera of patients with autoimmune liver disorders. Liver-infiltrating T cell clones that specifically recognize the ASGPR have been described in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AI-CAH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Recently, we have shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with AI-CAH or PBC but not chronic viral hepatitis secreted anti-ASGPR antibodies in vitro. In this study we characterized the influence of liver-infiltrating T cells on the secretion of ASGPR-specific autoantibodies by autologous B cells in cell culture supernatants. T cell clones from liver biopsies of three patients with chronic autoimmune liver disorders (one with AI-CAH, two with PBC) were isolated and investigated for their proliferative response to soluble ASGPR and their helper function provided to autoantibody-secreting B lymphocytes. PBMC from these patients secreted autoantibodies spontaneously in their cell culture supernatants and showed a proliferative response to ASGPR. T cell-depleted PBMC, however, lacked spontaneous antibody secretion. Four CD4+CD8- liver-infiltrating T cell clones showed a proliferative response to ASGPR and also induced spontaneous anti-ASGPR antibody production in cell culture supernatants when added to autologous T cell depleted PBMC. Activated supernatants of these T cell clones failed to induce antibody production. None of seven CD4+CD8- and two CD4-CD8+ T cell clones non-responding to ASGPR provided this help for antibody secretion. Anti-ASGPR secretion in vitro could not be inhibited by the addition of MoAbs raised against monomorphic determinants on HLA class II molecules. The addition of purified ASGPR or polyclonal-activating pokeweed mitogen showed no influence on the production of autoantibodies in these cultures. These data show that B lymphocytes require T cell help for the production of ASGPR-specific antibodies. This help can be provided by ASGPR-responsive T helper cells via cellular interactions. 相似文献
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Kim Han Komudi Singh Matthew J. Rodman Shahin Hassanzadeh Yvonne Baumer Rebecca D. Huffstutler Jinguo Chen Julin Candia Foo Cheung Katherine E. R. Stagliano Mehdi Pirooznia Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley Michael N. Sack 《Nutrients》2021,13(5)
Intermittent fasting and fasting mimetic diets ameliorate inflammation. Similarly, serum extracted from fasted healthy and asthmatic subjects’ blunt inflammation in vitro, implicating serum components in this immunomodulation. To identify the proteins orchestrating these effects, SOMAScan technology was employed to evaluate serum protein levels in healthy subjects following an overnight, 24-h fast and 3 h after refeeding. Partial least square discriminant analysis identified several serum proteins as potential candidates to confer feeding status immunomodulation. The characterization of recombinant IGFBP1 (elevated following 24 h of fasting) and PYY (elevated following refeeding) in primary human CD4+ T cells found that they blunted and induced immune activation, respectively. Furthermore, integrated univariate serum protein analysis compared to RNA-seq analysis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified the induction of IL1RL1 and MFGE8 levels in refeeding compared to the 24-h fasting in the same study. Subsequent quantitation of these candidate proteins in lean versus obese individuals identified an inverse regulation of serum levels in the fasted subjects compared to the obese subjects. In parallel, IL1RL1 and MFGE8 supplementation promoted increased CD4+ T responsiveness to T cell receptor activation. Together, these data show that caloric load-linked conditions evoke serological protein changes, which in turn confer biological effects on circulating CD4+ T cell immune responsiveness. 相似文献