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G H Stevens B H Foresman X Shi S A Stern P B Raven 《Medicine and science in sports and exercise》1992,24(11):1235-1244
Eight young men underwent an 8-month endurance exercise training program. Prior to and following the training program, the subjects' maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), total blood volume (TBV) and plasma volume (PV), tolerance to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) assessed by the cumulative stress index (CSI) to presyncope, and their hemodynamic responses to 0 to -45 torr LBNP was determined. Hemodynamic measures included rebreathe carbon dioxide cardiac output (Qc), heart rate (HR), directly measured arterial blood pressures (ABP), and strain gauge determination of forearm blood flow (FBF) and leg volume changes (delta LgV). Calculated values of stroke volume (SV), forearm, vascular resistance (FVR), and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) were made. Following training, each subject had an increased VO2max (mean = +27.4%, P < 0.001), TBV (mean = +15.8%, P < 0.02), and PV (mean = +16.5%, P < 0.02) and each subject had a decreased tolerance to LBNP (mean CSI = -24%, P < 0.001). Stepwise linear regression identified that the major factors to significantly predict the decreased CSI pre- to post-training were a reduced response of PVR to LBNP from -15 to -45 torr (Model R2 = 0.853), the delta TBV (model R2 = 0.981), and the greater post-training reduction in SBP to LBNP of 0 to -45 torr (model R2 = 1.0). These data suggest that physiologic adaptations associated with the increased VO2max and TBV resulting from a prolonged endurance exercise training program can alter the reflex control of vasomotion and cardiac output during LBNP and reduce the LBNP tolerance. 相似文献
6.
Effects of exercise training on men seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus-1. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L W Rigsby R K Dishman A W Jackson G S Maclean P B Raven 《Medicine and science in sports and exercise》1992,24(1):6-12
We examined the effects of chronic exercise on fitness and immune status in Caucasian males (34.9 +/- 5.6 yr) diagnosed by Western blot as seropositive for the HIV-1 virus. The exercise regimen involved 12 wk of 1 h sessions 3 d.wk: 20 min of cycle exercise at 60-80% HRreserve was followed by 35 min of strength and flexibility training. After matching subjects on health status (modified Walter Reed criteria), subjects (N = 37) were randomly assigned to exercise or a counseling control condition. Changes in strength, responses to the YMCA cycle test, and serum lymphocytes were tested by MANOVA in a condition (exercise or counseling)-by-time (pretest, posttest) design with repeated measures on time. Results indicated significant (P less than 0.001) group-by-time interactions for strength (N.m) (chest press and leg extension) and for HR (beats.min-1) and total time (TT) on the cycle test at 150 W. Strength and TT increased and HR decreased in the exercise condition, while control subjects did not change. Total leukocyte, lymphocyte, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were statistically unchanged for each condition. We conclude that HIV-1+ men, including those symptomatic for AIDS-related complex, can experience significant increases in neuromuscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness without changes in lymphocyte phenotypes or clinical diagnosis when the exercise regimen is prescribed and monitored in accordance with ACSM guidelines for healthy adults. 相似文献
7.
Carotid baroreflex function ceases
during vasovagal syncope 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shigehiko Ogoh PhD Stefanos Volianitis PhD Peter B. Raven PhD Niels H. Secher MD 《Clinical autonomic research》2004,14(1):30-33
Abstract. Despite the arterial baroreflex control of heart rate and
blood pressure, vasovagal syncope is a common cause of loss of
consciousness in people exposed to stimuli that reduce the
central blood volume, such as head-up tilt. Carotid baroreflex
function was evaluated using a rapid pulse train of neck
pressure and neck suction in three conscious volunteers who
developed a vasovagal episode during head-up tilt. The maximal
gain of the carotid-heart rate and carotid-blood pressure
baroreflex function curves were identified as measures of
carotid baroreceptor responsiveness. When presyncopal symptoms
developed, one further baroreflex assessment was obtained before
the subjects were returned to the supine position. The
bradycardia and hypotension exhibited during pre-syncope and
syncope reflected a leftward and downward relocation of both the
cardiac and vasomotor stimulusresponse curves. In addition,
during the vasovagal syncope, baroreflex control was suppressed
as blood pressure remained low during neck pressure stimuli. In
conclusion, arterial baroreflex function ceases during vasovagal
syncope. 相似文献
8.
Cardiovascular responses to lower body negative pressure in endurance and static exercise-trained men 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The cardiovascular responses to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) (to -50 torr) were examined in 8 sedentary control (UT), 8 endurance-trained (ET), and 8 weight-trained (WT) human subjects. The results were used to compare and contrast the blood pressure control system of the three subject groups. The primary differences in response included a more effective maintenance of blood pressure, by reason of greater stroke volume and cardiac indices of the WT subjects during LBNP (P less than 0.05). Peripheral vascular resistances were not different (P greater than 0.05) throughout LBN P between the three groups. Therefore, the improved blood pressure maintenance of the WT subjects was attributed to a cardiac effect. The ET subjects were less effective in maintaining blood pressure than UT or WT subjects. This finding was apparently due to an attenuated baroreflex sensitivity, as evidenced by a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower delta heart rate/delta systemic blood pressure ratio, 0.99 for ET vs 1.51 and 1.38 or the UT and WT groups respectively, calculated from the responses observed from 0 to -50 torr of LBNP. 相似文献
9.
Cholecystokinin-decreased food intake in rhesus monkeys 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
10.
This study analyses the influence of female and male patient age and human
menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) requirements on clinical pregnancy rates and
live birth rates with ovulation stimulation using HMG in combination with
intrauterine insemination (IUI). In this study, 363 consecutive HMG/IUI
treatment cycles in 184 patients carried out at a university fertility
centre were analysed in a retrospective fashion. The main outcomes measured
were clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates. Increased female
partner age (> or = 35) and male partner age (> or = 40) were found
to negatively influence pregnancy rates with HMG/ IUI therapy. In addition,
this study demonstrated a critical threshold of HMG requirements beyond
which pregnancy did not occur. No pregnancies occurred in treatment cycles
requiring > 25 ampoules (1875 IU) of menotrophins to achieve follicular
maturity, irrespective of patient age. In conclusion, female partner age,
male partner age, and HMG requirements all significantly influence
pregnancy rates with HMG/IUI therapy.
相似文献