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1.
Milos Jesenak MD PhD Peter Banovcin MD PhD Zuzana Rennerova MD PhD Lubica Jakusova MD PhD Zuzana Havlicekova MD PhD Vladimir Pohanka MD PhD MPH FCCP Maria Pia Villa MD PhD Roberto Ronchetti MD PhD 《International journal of dermatology》2009,48(9):941-946
Background The atopy patch test (APT) is no longer an experimental method; it is increasingly being used as a standard diagnostic tool for the characterization of patients with aeroallergen- and food-triggered disorders. Some technical aspects of this test still remain to be answered. We aimed to study the reproducibility of this test over time in the general child population.
Methods In a general population of 118 children, we investigated the reproducibility of duplicate APTs with four food allergens in their native form, which were repeated at set intervals from the first test: 7 days (group 1), 14 days (group 2), and 21 days (group 3).
Results We observed very poor reproducibility on both sides of the back in all three studied subgroups. The reproducibility rates and Cohen's κ values did not improve when we did not consider the side of the back. There were no differences in the prevalence of atopy between the subjects with reproducible and nonreproducible APT results. All three groups studied showed no difference in the prevalence rates of atopy. There was no relationship between APT and skin prick test positivity for the same allergen. Questionnaire-derived data about previous food-related reactions did not help in the evaluation of the doubtful nonreproducible APT results with food allergens.
Conclusions Our results show that the reproducibility of food APTs is poor and unsatisfactory over time, and there is an urgent need for the development of optimal, stable, and good-quality APT testing substances. 相似文献
Methods In a general population of 118 children, we investigated the reproducibility of duplicate APTs with four food allergens in their native form, which were repeated at set intervals from the first test: 7 days (group 1), 14 days (group 2), and 21 days (group 3).
Results We observed very poor reproducibility on both sides of the back in all three studied subgroups. The reproducibility rates and Cohen's κ values did not improve when we did not consider the side of the back. There were no differences in the prevalence of atopy between the subjects with reproducible and nonreproducible APT results. All three groups studied showed no difference in the prevalence rates of atopy. There was no relationship between APT and skin prick test positivity for the same allergen. Questionnaire-derived data about previous food-related reactions did not help in the evaluation of the doubtful nonreproducible APT results with food allergens.
Conclusions Our results show that the reproducibility of food APTs is poor and unsatisfactory over time, and there is an urgent need for the development of optimal, stable, and good-quality APT testing substances. 相似文献
2.
Maria Pia Francescato P. Cok O. Radillo B. de Bernard 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》1988,1(5):321-327
A computer-assisted method for the registration of food intakes in real time according to a concise and simple procedure was subjected to a series of controls in order to assess precision. The method employs the 'portion' of a composite dish as unit of measure. The constancy of the portion was tested. The results show that the recipes of the diet of a subject may be stored and utilized in deferred time without loss of precision: data to be recorded in real time are then very limited. The length of period of analysis was also studied. The time of investigation should not be shorter than two weeks to obtain precise information on the feeding habits of an individual subject, whereas for a group of subjects the diary of a single day provides information of sufficient precision. 相似文献
3.
Pia Lautala Maija Kivimaa Hannele Salomies Eivor Elovaara Jyrki Taskinen 《Pharmaceutical research》1997,14(10):1444-1448
Purpose. Nitrocatechol COMT inhibitors are a new class of bioactive compounds, for which glucuronidation is the most important metabolic pathway. The objective was to characterize the enzyme kinetics of nitrocatechol glucuronidation to improve the understanding and predicting of the pharmacokinetic behavior of this class of compounds.
Methods. The glucuronidation kinetics of seven nitrocatechols and 4-nitrophenol, the reference substrate for phenol UDP-glucuronosyltrans-ferase activity, was measured in liver microsomes from creosote-treated rats and determined by non-linear fitting of the experimental data to the Michaelis-Menten equation. A new method that combined densitometric and radioactivity measurement of the glucuronides separated by HPTLC was developed for the quantification.
Results. Apparent Km values for the nitrocatechols varied greatly depending on substitution pattern being comparable with 4-nitrophenol (0.11 mM) only in the case of 4-nitrocatechol (0.19 mM). Simple nitrocatechols showed two-fold Vmax values compared with 4-nitrophenol (68.6 nmol min–1 mg–1), while all disubstituted catechols exhibited much lower glucuronidation rate. Vmax/Km values were about 10 times higher for monosubstituted catechols compared to disubstituted ones. The kinetic parameters for COMT inhibitors were in the following order: Km nitecapone >> entacapone > tolcapone; Vmax nitecapone > entacapone > tolcapone; Vmax/Km tolcapone > nitecapone > entacapone.
Conclusions. Nitrocatechols can in principle be good substrates of UGTs. However, substituents may have a remarkable effect on the enzyme kinetic parameters. The different behaviour of nitecapone compared to the other COMT inhibitors may be due to its hydrophilic 5-substituent. The longer elimination half-life of tolcapone in vivo compared to entacapone could not be explained by glucuronidation kinetics in vitro. 相似文献
4.
5.
Pia Andersson RDH Ingalill R. Hallberg RNT PhD Stefan Renvert DDS PhD 《Special care in dentistry》2002,22(5):181-186
The aim of this study was to test the inter-rater reliability of a revised oral assessment guide (ROAG) for patients residing in a geriatric rehabilitation ward. A consecutive sample of 140 patients was recruited for the study. Oral assessments were performed for 133 newly admitted patients by one registered nurse (RN) during a period of six months. A dental hygienist (DH) carried out 103 oral assessments during the same half-year. For 66 patients, the RN and the DH performed independent assessments. There was an agreement between the RN and the DH in the majority of the independent assessments, except for tongue and teeth/dentures. The percentage agreement exceeded 80 percent. Inter-rater agreement measured by Cohen's Kappa coefficient ranged from moderate to very good and percentage agreement had a range of 58 to 91 percent. The agreement was highest in assessment of voice and swallowing (91%). Assessments of teeth and dentures seemed to be most difficult for the RN to evaluate. ROAG was found to be a clinically useful assessment tool. Additional education and training is needed to improve the reliability of the oral assessments and should include continuous support from a dental hygienist as well as a pictorial manual on how to use the ROAG. 相似文献
6.
Pia Hovbrandt Agneta Ståhl Susanne Iwarsson Vibeke Horstmann Gunilla Carlsson 《European journal of ageing》2007,4(4):201-211
Due to decreased functional capacity as well as high environmental demands there is a risk of diminishing activity outside
home in very old age (age 80+). In order to explore differences according to functional limitations (FL) among very old people
with respect to frequency of activity, perceived health, overall perception of neighbourhood environment, and perceived problems
in the pedestrian environment, data derived from a postal questionnaire survey to very old people living in an urban area
in Sweden were used. This explorative study is based on the sub-sample of people aged 80+ who reported outdoor activities
(n = 97). Four groups of respondents with different types of FL were identified: with no FL (n = 23), with only movement-related FL (n = 26), with only perception/cognition-related FL (n = 16), and with both movement- and perception/ cognition-related FL (n = 32). The majority of the respondents reported rather high frequency of activity outside home. When examining differences
between the four groups, the analysis indicated how the complexity of FL and perceived problems in the pedestrian environment
impacted on their activity performance. Persons with both movement- and perception/cognition-related FL were less satisfied
with their frequency of activity, experienced their health more negatively and experienced more problems in the pedestrian
environment than in the other groups. The findings from this study indicate the importance of considering combinations of
FL in creating supportive environments for activity and health. 相似文献
7.
We tested the ability of normal subjects to make changes in the conjugacy of their saccades. Subjects dichoptically viewed a grid the size of which was 10% larger in one eye. The grids were centred onto a flat screen at 57 cm or 1 m from the subject. Horizontal saccades immediately became larger in the eye viewing the larger grid. For some subjects this disconjugacy persisted even under subsequent monocular viewing. Such persistent changes occurred mainly in the field where the required disconjugacy was divergent for centrifugal saccades, convergent for centripetal saccades. Vertical saccades also developed compensatory disconjugacy; its amplitude was smaller but less variable. To explain these results we propose a fast associative learning mechanism that pairs peripheral disparity with saccades and is capable of producing saccade disconjugacy even in the absence of disparity. For horizontal saccades a secondary conditioning of monocular depth cues by the disparity would also be involved. 相似文献
8.
9.
David Quarcoo Tanja C Fischer Nora Peckenschneider David A Groneberg Pia Welker 《Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)》2009,4(1):8
Background
Neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) is a member of the neurotrophin family, a group of related proteins that are known to regulate neuro-immune interactions in allergic diseases. Their cellular sources and role in the recruitment of mast cell precursors in atopic dermatitis have not been characterized in detail so far. 相似文献10.
Authors injected a 1.5-2 cc Gax-Collagen into the tongue of 13 rats in order to examine the reactivity of the tissues around the graft and its attitude and duration. The research had practical purposes as the material is mainly used in E.N.T. for reconstructing the vocal cords. The animals have been sacrificed from 1 day to 9 months and the tongue subjected to the ordinary histologic methods. Our conclusions are as follows: a) a moderate inflammatory reaction following the introduction of the foreign body, then it attenuates and disappears at the third month; b) the implant is well tolerated, does not cause structural alterations in the surrounding tissues, in particular in the musculature where it is placed; c) a neovascularization appears, it lessens over the time, keeping itself only at the edge of the graft; d) in the formed fissures, fibroblasts, traces of collagen and neocollagen are present. All these conditions allow for taking root and the persistence of the implant. It is remarkable that the spherical form of the Gax-Collagen does not modify even if it has been implanted into a muscular organ and therefore subjected to severe and continuous mechanical stress. 相似文献