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排序方式: 共有207条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
F. Doricchi Daniela Perani Chiara Incoccia Franco Grassi Stefano F. Cappa Valentino Bettinardi Gaspare Galati Luigi Pizzamiglio Ferruccio Fazio 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1997,116(1):50-62
Regional cerebral blood flow changes related to the performance of two oculomotor tasks and a central fixation task were
compared in ten healthy human subjects. The tasks were: (a) performance of fast-regular saccades; (b) performance of voluntary
antisaccades away from a peripheral cue; (c) passive maintenance of central visual fixation in the presence of irrelevant
peripheral stimulation. The saccadic task was associated with a relative increase in activity in a number of occipitotemporal
areas. Compared with both the fixation and the saccadic task, the performance of antisaccades activated a set of areas including:
the superior and inferior parietal lobules, the precentral and prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, and the supplementary
motor area.
The results of the present study suggest that: (a) compared with self-determined saccadic responses the performance of fast
regular, reflexive saccades produces a limited activation of the frontal eye fields; (b) in the antisaccadic task the inferior
parietal lobes subserve operations of sensory-motor integration dealing with attentional disengagement from the initial peripheral
cue (appearing at an invalid spatial location) and with the recomputation of the antisaccadic vector on the basis of the wrong
(e.g., spatially opposite) information provided by the same cue.
Received: 20 May 1996 / Accepted: 28 January 1997 相似文献
2.
A cultural effect on brain function 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Paulesu E McCrory E Fazio F Menoncello L Brunswick N Cappa SF Cotelli M Cossu G Corte F Lorusso M Pesenti S Gallagher A Perani D Price C Frith CD Frith U 《Nature neuroscience》2000,3(1):91-96
We present behavioral and anatomical evidence for a multi-component reading system in which different components are differentially weighted depending on culture-specific demands of orthography. Italian orthography is consistent, enabling reliable conversion of graphemes to phonemes to yield correct pronunciation of the word. English orthography is inconsistent, complicating mapping of letters to word sounds. In behavioral studies, Italian students showed faster word and non-word reading than English students. In two PET studies, Italians showed greater activation in left superior temporal regions associated with phoneme processing. In contrast, English readers showed greater activations, particularly for non-words, in left posterior inferior temporal gyrus and anterior inferior frontal gyrus, areas associated with word retrieval during both reading and naming tasks. 相似文献
3.
Herholz K Nordberg A Salmon E Perani D Kessler J Mielke R Halber M Jelic V Almkvist O Collette F Alberoni M Kennedy A Hasselbalch S Fazio F Heiss WD 《Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders》1999,10(6):494-504
Progression rates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) vary considerably, and they are particularly difficult to predict in patients with mild cognitive impairment. We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study in 186 patients with possible or probable AD, mostly with presenile onset. In a cross-sectional analysis at entry, impairment of glucose metabolism in temporoparietal or frontal association areas measured with positron emission tomography was significantly associated with dementia severity, clinical classification as possible versus probable AD, presence of multiple cognitive deficits and history of progression. A prospective longitudinal analysis showed a significant association between initial metabolic impairment and subsequent clinical deterioration. In patients with mild cognitive deficits at entry, the risk of deterioration was up to 4.7 times higher if the metabolism was severely impaired than with mild or absent metabolic impairment. Copyrightz1999S.KargerAG, Basel 相似文献
4.
Giovanna Ferraioli Carmine Tinelli Raffaella Lissandrin Mabel Zicchetti Mariangela Rondanelli Guido Perani Stefano Bernuzzi Laura Salvaneschi Carlo Filice 《Hepatology International》2014,8(4):576-581
Purpose
This study was conducted to prospectively investigate the interobserver reproducibility of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurements and the relationship among the CAP and body mass index (BMI), gender and age.Methods
Consecutive subjects were studied using the M+ probe of the FibroScan device (Echosens, Paris, France). Measurements were performed by two raters (rater1 and rater2). Interobserver agreement was assessed by using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The Pearson r coefficient was used to test correlation between two study variables, and linear regression was used for the multivariate model.Results
Three hundred fifty-one subjects (227 males and 124 females) were prospectively studied. The CCC was 0.82 (95 % CI 0.78–0.85) overall, 0.80 (95 % CI 0.75–0.85) for BMI <25 kg/m2, 0.76 (95 % CI 0.69–0.84) for BMI 25–29 kg/m2 and 0.65 (95 % CI 0.41–0.88) for BMI ≥30 kg/m2. The CCC was 0.44 (95 % CI 0.31–0.56) for CAP values ≤240 dB/m and 0.72 (95 % CI 0.65–0.79) for CAP values >240 dB/m. In univariate analysis, age and BMI by gender were correlated with the CAP. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the relationship of the CAP with age and BMI, but not with gender.Conclusions
The results of this study show that the interreader agreement in CAP measurement is good. In healthy volunteers, the CAP is strongly correlated with age and BMI. 相似文献5.
S. Iannaccone C. Cerami M. Alessio V. Garibotto A. Panzacchi S. Olivieri G. Gelsomino R.M. Moresco D. Perani 《Parkinsonism & related disorders》2013,19(1):47-52
BackgroundReactive microgliosis, hallmark of neuroinflammation, may contribute to neuronal degeneration, as shown in several neurodegenerative diseases. We in vivo evaluated microglia activation in early dementia with Lewy bodies, still not reported, and compared with early Parkinson's disease, to assess possible differential pathological patterns.MethodsWe measured the [11C]-PK11195 binding potentials with Positron Emission Tomography, using a simplified reference tissue model, as marker of microglia activation, and cerebral spinal fluid protein carbonylation levels, as marker of oxidative stress. Six dementia with Lewy bodies and 6 Parkinson's disease patients within a year from the onset, and eleven healthy controls were included. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed at a 4-year follow-up.ResultsIn dementia with Lewy bodies as well as in Parkinson's disease, we found significant (p < 0.001) [11C]-PK11195 binding potential increases in the substantia nigra and putamen. Patients with Lewy bodies dementia had extensive additional microglia activation in several associative cortices. This was evident also at a single subject level. Significant increase of Cerebral Spinal Fluid protein carbonylation was shown in both patients' groups.Conclusions[11C]-PK11195 Positron Emission Tomography imaging revealed neuroinflammation in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease, mirroring, even at a single subject level, the common and the different topographical distribution of neuropathological changes, yet in the earliest stages of the disease process. Focusing on those events that characterize parkinsonisms and Parkinson's disease may be the key to further advancing the understanding of pathogenesis and to taking these mechanisms forward as a means of defining targets for neuroprotection. 相似文献
6.
Stefano F. Cappa Marina Frugoni Patrizia Pasquali Daniela Perani Francesco Zorat 《Neurocase》2013,19(4-5):391-397
Abstract Most cases of category-specific naming and recognition disorders are characterized by poorer performance with living entities, usually animals. Patients with the less frequently observed opposite pattern of impairment, i.e. better performance with biological entities than with non-living things, provide evidence for a double dissociation, making a strong case for the categorical organization of the semantic system. We describe a patient with a category-specific naming Impairment for tools. GP is a 27-year-old student, evaluated after the evacuation of a haemorrhage in the left temporal lobe. Naming was severely impaired, without significant modality, frequency, word length or grammatical class effects. A significantly inferior performance was present for non-living items (furniture and tools). GP's performance on tests assessing comprehension of the same Items (word-picture matching, forced-choice sentence verification) suggested that semantic knowledge about artefacts he could not name was largely preserved. The localization of the lesion confirms the important role of the left anterior temporal lobe in lexical retrieval. 相似文献
7.
8.
The nigrostriatal dopaminergic system assessed in vivo by positron emission tomography in healthy volunteer subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
K L Leenders E P Salmon P Tyrrell D Perani D J Brooks H Sager T Jones C D Marsden R S Frackowiak 《Archives of neurology》1990,47(12):1290-1298
A group of healthy control subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease were investigated using positron emission tomography and two tracers as indicators of different specific properties of the presynaptic dopaminergic system in caudate nucleus and putamen. The first tracer, 6-L-(18F)-fluorodopa, was used as an analog of levodopa to assess its regional brain uptake, conversion into, and retention as dopamine and further metabolites. The second tracer, (11C)-nomifensine was employed as an indicator of striatal monaminergic reuptake sites that are principally dopaminergic. We have used this tracer to assess dopaminergic nerve terminal density. In patients with Parkinson's disease, striatal uptake of both tracers was decreased, putamen being significantly more affected than caudate. Side-to-side differences of uptake in putamen, but not caudate, correlated with corresponding left-right differences of scored clinical motor performance. Both 6-L(18F)-fluorodopa and (11C)-nomifensine tracer uptake in putamen was decreased on average to 40% of normal values, suggesting that a substantial part of the cellular elements of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system is still intact in living parkinsonian patients. This is in contrast to the generally extreme depletion of endogenous dopamine in the putamen of patients found at postmortem. Our results lend support to the search for drug treatments that protect against further nigrostriatal cell loss and that could be exhibited as soon as the disease manifests clinically. If successful, a sufficient striatal nerve terminal pool would remain so that the effectiveness of levodopa as a dopamine repletor could persist. 相似文献
9.
Bilateral paramedian thalamic syndrome: abnormal circadian wake-sleep and autonomic functions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Montagna P Provini F Plazzi G Vetrugno R Gallassi R Pierangeli G Ragno M Cortelli P Perani D 《Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry》2002,73(6):772-774
OBJECTIVES: To describe wake-sleep and body core temperature (t degrees ) rhythm abnormalities in two patients with bilateral paramedian thalamic calcifications. METHODS: Patients underwent (18F)FDG PET scans and 24 hour polygraphic recordings of wake-sleep and t degrees. RESULTS: PET showed bilateral thalamic hypometabolism in both patients with additional basal ganglia or mesiolateral frontal and cingular hypometabolism. Wake-sleep studies showed abnormal sleep organisation and in the case with frontal and limbic PET hypometabolism, pre-sleep behaviour associated with "subwakefulness" EEG activities, lack of EEG spindles and K complexes, and features of status dissociatus. The t degrees rhythms showed increased mesor in both (37.4 degrees C and 37.75 degrees C) and inverted rhythm in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Paramedian thalamic structures and interconnected, especially frontal and cingular, areas play a part in the organisation of the wake-sleep cycle and attendant autonomic functions. 相似文献
10.
Borroni B Perani D Broli M Colciaghi F Garibotto V Paghera B Agosti C Giubbini R Di Luca M Padovani A 《Journal of neurology》2005,252(11):1359-1362
Platelet Amyloid Precursor
Protein ratio of different
abnormal forms and 99mTc–ECD
SPECT perfusion analysis were
evaluated in Mild Cognitive Impairment
(MCI) subjects who progressed
to Alzheimer Disease (AD)
and in stable MCI. We report that
their combined evaluation increases
the discriminative power of
the analysis in identifying presymptomatic
AD. The positive predictive
value of these combined
markers in identifying progressive
MCI was 0.87, and the negative predictive
value was 0.90. This observation
suggests that the interplay of
different markers should be considered
for enhancing diagnostic
accuracy of pre–clinical AD.
Drs. Di Luca and Padovani contributed
equally to this work. 相似文献