创伤后迟发性脑肿胀的临床特点与治疗

目的 探讨创伤后迟发性脑肿胀的临床特点、发病机制与治疗。方法 回顾性分析1998年1月～2005年6月年收治的17例迟发性脑肿胀患者的临床特点和救治情况。结果 所有颅脑损伤患者采用保守治疗后均有好转，但于伤后5-10d出现恶化，CT复查有脑肿胀，经加强综合脱水等治疗后16例治愈，1例死亡。结论 迟发性脑肿胀好发于对冲性额、颞叶挫裂伤伴明显蛛网膜下腔出血、硬膜下薄层血肿及早期CT有脑肿胀者。其发病机制可能与创伤后的迟发性脑血管痉挛、微循环障碍、静脉回流障碍及甘露醇作用下降等因素有关。此类患者病情隐蔽性强，应加强观察、积极行CT复查，如能早期明确诊断，保守治疗多数效果良好。     

Cortical Distribution of Eeg Activity for Component Processes During Mental Rotation

Alpha power (8–12 Hz) was monitored over the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes of the left and right cerebral hemispheres while participants mentally rotated three-dimensional shapes to match a specified target. By comparing the activational patterns generated during three experimental conditions, each designed to systematically isolate the involvement of the various subcomponents comprising this mental rotation task, it was suggested that the right frontal lobe mediates encoding and comparison/decision processes, while the left parietal and the left temporal region appear most involved in the generation of images and their mental rotation. A preliminary model describing the cooperative interaction of these cortical regions during mental rotation tasks is proposed.     

Retrorenal colon: implications for percutaneous diskectomy

It has been recommended that computed tomography (CT) with the patient prone be performed in every patient undergoing percutaneous diskectomy; this would enable detection of a retrorenal location of the colon, which could interfere with the percutaneous procedure. In this evaluation of 346 prone CT studies, only one patient (0.29%) was found to have retrorenal or retropsoas bowel that would have been perforated at diskectomy. Because of this extremely low prevalence, the performance of prone CT in every patient undergoing percutaneous lumbar diskectomy is not believed to be necessary.     

Agonist and antagonist interactions with D1 dopamine receptors: agonist-induced masking of D1 receptors depends on intrinsic activity.

The effects of agonist and antagonist compounds on the equilibrium binding of the D1 antagonist ligand [3H]SCH 23390 were examined in membranes from the striatum of the rat. The antagonist SK&F 83566 interacted with D1 receptors in the manner of a competitive antagonist, causing a decrease in the affinity of the binding of [3H]SCH 23390, without altering the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax). The interaction of agonist compounds with the D1 receptor appeared to be more complex. The drug SK&F 75670, a weak partial agonist, also acted competitively at D1 sites. However, agonists with moderate (SK&F 38393, CY 208-243) or full (dopamine) intrinsic activity to stimulate adenylate cyclase, interacted with D1 binding sites in a mixed competitive/non-competitive manner, causing both a decrease in ligand affinity and a decrease in Bmax. The benzazepine analogue, which also has full agonist activity, SK&F 82958, only caused a reduction in Bmax. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between the intrinsic activity of agonists and the magnitude of the reductions in Bmax which they induced. In the presence of the GTP analogue, Gpp(NH)p, CY 208-243 no longer caused an apparent reduction in the number of receptors. These data suggests that the apparent loss of D1 receptors, induced by agonists, may result from an interaction with a guanine-nucleotide sensitive, high affinity agonist binding site and that the degree of interaction with this site depends on the intrinsic D1 activity of the agonist.     

The growth of Salmonella in rumen fluid from cattle at slaughter

The pH of the rument contents of cattle was recorded at slaughter; pH ranged from 5.5 to 7.8 and was not correlated with the period from saleyard to slaughter. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured in 43 rumen samples; acetic, propionic and butyric were the major acids present, and the total VFA ranged from 75.9 mM/l for samples between pH 6-7, to 7.1 mM/l for samples of pH 8-9. Ten Salmonella strains belonging to 8 serotypes were grown in these 43 rumen samples. Where acid levels of these samples were high and pH low, most Salmonella sp. were inhibited; as the pH rose (pH 7-8) all Salmonella serotypes grew, some vigorously; as the total acid declined and pH continued to rise, growth of salmonella ceased. Serotypes and strains of the same serotype differed in their ability to grow in rumen contents, particularly when the pH was low.     

肾移植受者血清巨细胞病毒IgE和IgA抗体检测

采用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测２３名肾移植受者血清巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）抗体，共检出１８名（７８％）活动性ＣＭＶ感染，其中１０名（４４％）为原发性感染。结果证实ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＥ和－ＩｇＡ具有较好的血清学诊断价值，优于ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ。     

GGA1 acts as a spatial switch altering amyloid precursor protein trafficking and processing

The beta-amyloid (Abeta) precursor protein (APP) is cleaved sequentially by beta-site of APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) and gamma-secretase to release the Abeta peptides that accumulate in plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). GGA1, a member of the Golgi-localized gamma-ear-containing ARF-binding (GGA) protein family, interacts with BACE and influences its subcellular distribution. We now report that overexpression of GGA1 in cells increased the APP C-terminal fragment resulting from beta-cleavage but surprisingly reduced Abeta. GGA1 confined APP to the Golgi, in which fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses suggest that the proteins come into close proximity. GGA1 blunted only APP but not notch intracellular domain release. These results suggest that GGA1 prevented APP beta-cleavage products from becoming substrates for gamma-secretase. Direct binding of GGA1 to BACE was not required for these effects, but the integrity of the GAT (GGA1 and TOM) domain of GGA1 was. GGA1 may act as a specific spatial switch influencing APP trafficking and processing, so that APP-GGA1 interactions may have pathophysiological relevance in AD.