以科学发展观指导军校转制后的发展

军队院校转制要以科学发展观为指导、以人为本,实现平稳过渡,用发展的理念和办法解决转制中的问题.坚持适应市场理念,根据社会需求调整办学结构;坚持服务社会理念,在为地方服务中促进学校发展;坚持开放办学理念,利用社会资源拓宽发展空间;坚持科技创新理念,依托知识资源促进成果转化,打下可持续发展的牢固基础.     

A protein kinase A-dependent molecular switch in synapsins regulates neurite outgrowth

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) promotes neurite outgrowth in a variety of neuronal cell lines through the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). We show here, using both Xenopus laevis embryonic neuronal culture and intact X. laevis embryos, that the nerve growth-promoting action of cAMP/PKA is mediated in part by the phosphorylation of synapsins at a single amino acid residue. Expression of a mutated form of synapsin that prevents phosphorylation at this site, or introduction of phospho-specific antibodies directed against this site, decreased basal and dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated neurite outgrowth. Expression of a mutation mimicking constitutive phosphorylation at this site increased neurite outgrowth, both under basal conditions and in the presence of a PKA inhibitor. These results provide a potential molecular approach for stimulating neuron regeneration, after injury and in neurodegenerative diseases.     

Regional sympathetic activity, severity of liver disease and hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis.

One hundred and eight patients with cirrhosis (23 grade A, 46 grade B and 39 grade C, according to Pugh's classification) underwent hemodynamic studies and plasma catecholamine concentration measurements. Blood samples were withdrawn from the pulmonary artery (n = 108), the hepatic vein (n = 108), the azygos vein (n = 59), the right renal vein (n = 66), the right jugular vein (n = 34) and the femoral vein (n = 33). Plasma noradrenaline concentrations in the pulmonary artery and the hepatic vein were more elevated in grade B (607 +/- 52 and 402 +/- 42 pg/ml, respectively) and C patients (630 +/- 59 and 475 +/- 53 pg/ml, respectively) than in grade A patients (411 +/- 51 and 243 +/- 40 pg/ml, respectively). Plasma noradrenaline concentrations from these two vessels were negatively correlated with indocyanine green clearance. These results indicate that both overall and splanchnic sympathetic activities are dependent on altered hepatic function. Significant correlations were found between the wedged hepatic venous pressure and plasma noradrenaline concentrations from either the pulmonary artery, the hepatic vein or the azygos vein. These correlations indicate that both overall and splanchnic sympathetic activities are dependent on the degree of portal hypertension. Moreover, significant correlations were found between hepatic venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations and systemic hemodynamic values, suggesting that splanchnic sympathetic nervous activity could either play a role in the systemic hyperkinetic syndrome or be a consequence of this hyperkinetic syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 spares renal function and prostaglandin synthesis in cirrhotic rats with ascites

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The critical role of cyclooxygenase (COX) products in maintenance of renal function in cirrhosis with ascites discourages the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in this disease. The recent development of selective COX-2 inhibitors opens new avenues for the use of these compounds in decompensated cirrhosis. The current study evaluates the effects of a selective COX-2 inhibitor (SC-236) on renal function in cirrhotic rats with ascites. METHODS: In protocol 1, urine volume, urinary excretion of sodium and prostaglandins, glomerular filtration rate, and renal plasma flow were measured before and after administration of SC-236 (n = 12) or ketorolac (n = 10) to rats with cirrhosis. Protocol 2 was aimed at assessing the effects of COX inhibitors on renal water metabolism in 28 cirrhotic rats. RESULTS: Administration of SC-236 to cirrhotic animals did not produce significant renal effects, whereas administration of the nonselective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, ketorolac, resulted in a marked reduction in urine volume, urinary excretion of prostaglandins, and glomerular filtration rate and in a significant impairment in renal water metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that SC-236 does not significantly impair renal function in rats with cirrhosis.     

Diagnostic value of the copper/zinc ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma: a case control study

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the copper/zinc ratio in the evaluation of a group of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A total of 105 patients were studied and separated into three groups: group I (n = 40), patients with HCC, group II (n = 25), patients with liver cirrhosis, and group III (n = 40), patients with benign digestive disease. Serum levels of copper and zinc were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The serum levels of copper (μg/dl) in patients with HCC (97.4 ± 27.2; P < 0.05) were significantly higher than those in patients with liver cirrhosis (73.7 ± 17.5) or benign digestive disease (77.1 ± 20.8), and the serum levels of zinc (μg/dl) were significantly lower (71.6 ± 30.5; P < 0.05) than those in patients with benign digestive disease (81.7 ± 17.7 μg/dl) and were similar to those in cirrhotic patients (68.5 ± 17.1). The Cu/Zn ratio was also significantly higher in patients with HCC (1.52 ± 0.64; P < 0.05) than in patients with liver cirrhosis (1.06 ± 0.2) or patients with benign digestive disease (0.95 ± 0.39). Considering a cutoff value of 1.15, the sensitivity of the Cu/Zn ratio was 87.5%, with a specificity of 86.1%, a positive predictive value of 79.5%, and a negative predictive value of 91.8%. Conclusions: The Cu/Zn ratio was found to be significantly higher in patients with HCC compared with that in age and sex-matched controls, with a sensitivity of 87.5%; this ratio might be useful in the evaluation of suspected hepatocellular malignancy. Received: February 15, 2002 / Accepted: June 14, 2002 Acknowledgments. This work was partially supported by grant No. D-113-903903 from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, México. Reprint requests to: J.L. Poo, Centro de Investigación Farmacológica y Biotecnológica, Hospital Médica Sur, Puente de Piedra No 150, 14050, Mexico City, Mexico Editorial on page 104     

采用圆形分布法探讨宝山区梅毒发病的季节性

目的分析不同时期上海市宝山区梅毒发病情况,并探讨其发病季节性变化的规律。方法采用圆形分布法将数据进行统计分析,计算平均角α、集中度量r值、角标准差s,估计发病高峰日,并用Rayleigh’s test（雷氏检验）进行检验和Watson-William法进行多个样本的比较。结果经F检验,F=15.1667,P〈0.01,各样本平均角不等,有较集中的趋势,每年的6月末至9月初是梅毒发病集中的时段;每年的12月至次年3月是梅毒病例的低发时期。结论宝山区各年的数据,经过统计学分析发现梅毒的发病时间有明显的时间分布规律,6月末至9月初是实施防治梅毒行为干预措施的主要时间。     

Treatment of patients with recurrence or who do not respond to the first treatment against hepatitis C

The current criteria to confirm the absence of therapeutic response to HCV is based on the viral findings. Lack of response is defined as the failure to achieve a negative serological response to the virus in peripheral blood (serum or plasma) after 12 weeks of treatment with interferon alpha (2a or 2b), or 24 weeks of treatment with IFN and ribavirin. Up to 60% of patients treated with standard IFN alpha and ribavirin are considered non-responders. According to viral genotype, figures are still worse in the group with genotype 1. Recently, the use of pegylated interferon allowed the reduction of the number of non-responding patients. The investigators propose different approaches in the search for better therapeutic strategies. The most effective of them all are the addition of ribavirin to the therapeutic scheme and the use of pegylated interferon which greatly increased the number of responders. Nevertheless, there are still many patients who are resistant to therapy. These are the proposed therapeutic alternatives for non-respondent patients: 1. Another tretment cycle with standard IFN and ribavirin (low probability) 2. Another treatment cycle with pegylated IFN and ribavirin. 3. Another treatment cycle with IFN, ribavirin and amantadine. 4. Another treatment cycle with IFN, ribavirin and timosine. 5. Other antiviral agents. It's important to clarify that "real non-responders" are those patients who remain positive in the viral load tests after 12-24 months of treatment. On the other hand, patients who "escape from treatment" or those with "recurrence" are not real non-responders, compared to those who are negative after 12-24 weeks of treatment.     

Monochorionic triplets after single embryo transfer

A 40-year-old patient underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection and assisted hatching, and a single embryo was transferred. Ultrasonography demonstrated a single gestational sac containing monochorionic tri-amniotic pregnancy. Several factors that have been implicated in the aetiology of monozygotic triple pregnancies after IVF appear to be present in this case. To avoid multiple pregnancies after IVF, it is time to have definite predictive factors for the occurrence of monozygotic multiple pregnancies as well as transferring only a single embryo.