以社区为基础招募的乌鲁木齐市吸毒者首次吸毒发生情况的调查

目的:在横断面调查的基础上,采用生存分析方法(survivalanalysis)探讨乌鲁木齐市社区吸毒人群发生首次吸毒的情况及其影响因素。方法:于2005年4-6月,以应答驱动抽样为主要招募方式,在社区招募吸毒者参加调查;应用结构式问卷调查吸毒者的社会人口学特征、首次口吸和静脉注射毒品时间、方式,首次吸毒前的个人成瘾性行为(如吸烟、饮酒)及家庭成员、亲友吸毒情况等。结果:401名静脉注射毒品者进入本次横断面调查,首次吸毒方式为口吸和静脉注射毒品者分别为95·0%(381/401)和5·0%(20/401),首次使用的毒品均为海洛因,首次吸毒年龄19·8a±s5·0a,首次吸毒年龄最小值为6·4a,15a以前开始吸毒者占14·2%(57/401)。从出生到首次吸毒的发生率为5·0/100人年(95%CI:4·5-5·5),影响首次吸毒发生的变量为:维族(HR=2·161,95%CI:1·713-2·726)、15a以前开始吸烟(HR=1·273,95%CI:1·006-1·610)、16a以前开始饮酒(HR=1·774,95%CI:1·387-2·269)、有亲戚吸毒(HR=1·411,95%CI:1·032-1·928)。从出生到发生首次吸毒的时间分别为:维族17·9(95%CI:17·2-18·5)a,15a以前开始吸烟者为20·0(95%CI:20·0-20·8)a,16a以前开始饮酒者为17·0(95%CI:16·6-17·7)a,有亲戚吸毒者为19·2(95%CI:18·6-20·0)a。结论:提示吸毒流行严重地区,吸毒低龄化可能会加速艾滋病的流行。在青少年早期开展个人成瘾性行为(如吸烟、饮酒)的干预教育及艾滋病知识的宣传教育非常必要,维族青少年应该是重点干预人群。     

一枝蒿提取物对小鼠胃肠运动的影响

目的观察一枝蒿水提物对小鼠胃肠运动的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法将小鼠随机分为正常对照组、多潘立酮组及一枝蒿水提物高、中、低剂量组。灌胃给药5d后,以葡聚糖蓝2000为标记物,观察色素在5组小鼠胃内的残留比,以及幽门括约肌至色素最前端及至盲肠的距离比。结果一枝蒿高剂量组及多潘立酮组的胃残留率、肠推进率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,2组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论一枝蒿水提物能有效改善小鼠的胃肠动力。     

Antifungal Activity of Gallic Acid In Vitro and In Vivo

Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenol natural compound found in many medicinal plant species, including pomegranate rind (Punica granatum L.), and has been shown to have antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties. Pomegranate rind is used to treat bacterial and fungal pathogens in Uyghur and other systems of traditional medicine, but, surprisingly, the effects of GA on antifungal activity have not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of GA on fungal strains both in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the NCCLS (M38‐A and M27‐A2) standard method in vitro, and GA was found to have a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, with MICs for all the tested dermatophyte strains between 43.75 and 83.33 μg/mL. Gallic acid was also active against three Candida strains, with MICs between 12.5 and 100.0 μg/mL. The most sensitive Candida species was Candida albicans (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL), and the most sensitive filamentous species was Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 43.75 μg/mL), which was comparable in potency to the control, fluconazole. The mechanism of action was investigated for inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis using an HPLC‐based assay and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Gallic acid reduced the activity of sterol 14α‐demethylase P450 (CYP51) and squalene epoxidase in the T. rubrum membrane, respectively. In vivo model demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection administration of GA (80 mg/kg d) significantly enhanced the cure rate in a mice infection model of systemic fungal infection. Overall, our results confirm the antifungal effects of GA and suggest a mechanism of action, suggesting that GA has the potential to be developed further as a natural antifungal agent for clinical use. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群共用器具注射毒品行为特征及其影响因素

目的:了解乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群共用器具注射毒品的行为特征及其影响因素。方法:于2004年9-10月,应用结构式问卷调查乌鲁木齐市吸毒者的人口学特征、首次吸毒前的吸烟和饮酒情况;首次吸毒和首次静脉注射毒品及共用注射器具注射毒品的行为特征及相关因素等。结果:提供知情同意书的509名吸毒者中,既往共用器具注射吸毒者占59.5%(303/509)。近3个月有新的共用器具注射毒品伙伴者占17.3%(88/509);共用器具注射毒品≥5次者占14.9%(76/509);近3个月33.2%(169/509)的调查对象共用器具注射毒品;直接共用者占27.9%(142/509),间接共用者占23.2%(118/509)。Logistic回归模型结果显示,与共用器具注射毒品≥5次有统计学意义的变量是年龄(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.07-2.91)和文化程度(OR=0.31,95%CI:0.15-0.64);与直接共用有关的变量是近6个月工作(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.38-0.86)、年收入(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.38-0.86)和15a以前开始吸烟(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.18-2.72);与间接共用有关的变量是民族(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.37-0.92)和近6个月工作(OR=0.61,95%CI:0.40-0.92)。结论:乌鲁木齐地区吸毒人群共用器具注射毒品比例高;年龄、文化程度、稳定的工作和年收入及15a以前开始吸烟与共用注射器具吸毒有关。提示:推广高危行为干预和强化个体化降低毒品危害咨询的必要性。     

比色法测定巴天酸模水提物中蒽醌类成分的含量

目的 测定巴天酸模水提取物中蒽醌类成分的含量.方法 运用比色法,以1,8-二羟基蒽醌为对照品,用0.8％乙酸镁甲醇溶液显色;在510 nm波长处测定巴天酸模水提取物中蒽醌类成分含量.结果 巴天酸模水提取物中蒽醌类成分含量达到31.07 mg/g,以结合型蒽醌为主.结论 比色法简便、精确、重现性好,可以作为巴天酸模水提取物中蒽醌类成分的含量测定方法.     

没食子药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的研究10个产地没食子药材的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供可靠方法。方法采用Waters Symmetry ShieldTM RP C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,体积流量1 mL/min,检测波长270 nm,进样量为20μL。结果对所采集的没食子药材进行测定,建立了没食子药材的指纹图谱,有7个共有峰,有2批药材的相似度低于0.9,与其他批次样品差异较大;此HPLC方法的精密度、稳定性和重现性良好。结论此方法准确、可靠、可控性强,可用于没食子药材的质量控制。     

The clinical value of immunohistochemically demonstrable CEA in breast cancer: a possible method of selecting patients for adjuvant chemotherapy.

The production of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by human breast cancer tissue has been studied in relation to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. All of the patients were in a controlled trial of adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of operable breast cancer. CEA was studied in primary tumours and axillary node metastases from these patients using an immunoperoxidase (PAP) method. Sections of 290 primary carcinomas and 217 axillary metastases were examined for CEA. The CEA status of the primary tumours was of no value as a prognostic indicator nor in the selection of patients for chemotherapy. In contrast, patients could be divided into 3 groups on the basis of the CEA results in the axillary nodes. In one group, in which cases were strongly positive for CEA (24% of the total) the prognosis, as reflected by recurrence free survival, was relatively good and chemotherapy produced no further advantage. In another group in which cases were weakly positive for CEA (18% of the total) the prognosis was poor but chemotherapy produced significant improvement. In a third group, in which cases were negative for CEA (58% of the total) the prognosis was poor and was not improved by chemotherapy, at least in the short term. Thus, the CEA status of axillary metastases may be clinically useful.     

没食子提取物小鼠急性毒性实验研究

目的初步了解没食子提取物对小鼠急性毒性的强弱及特点,测定急性毒性的相关参数。方法小鼠观察检疫3 d,随机分为6组:空白对照组、没食子提取物组:3.25,4.25,5.75,7.5,10.0 g/kg.bw剂量组,灌胃给予没食子提取物,观察其毒性表现。结果没食子提取物组随着剂量的增加,毒性反应表现越明显,小鼠死亡只数也随之增加;空白对照组动物均无异常。结论没食子提取物小鼠口服急毒LD50为4.41 g/kg;没食子提取物可能对胃肠系统有一定的毒性作用。     

地锦草抗真菌有效部位中芦丁及槲皮苷含量的高效液相色谱法测定

目的 建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)法同时测定维吾尔医药地锦草抗真菌有效部位中芦丁及槲皮苷含量的方法.方法 色谱柱为waters symmetry C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-0.4％磷酸水溶液(42:58,V/V),,检测波长为360nm;流速为1.0 ml· min-1;柱温25℃;进样量10μl.结果 芦丁和槲皮苷线性范围分别在0.42～2.52 μg,0.6～3.6μg内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 5),平均加样回收率分别为99.2％,101.1％,RSD≤3.3％.结论 该方法操作简便、准确、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于地锦草抗真菌有效部位的质量控制.     

新疆乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群首次吸毒的影响因素分析

目的:了解乌鲁木齐市吸毒人群首次吸毒的发生情况。方法:于2004年9―10月,应用结构式问卷调查乌鲁木齐市吸毒者性别、年龄、民族、文化程度,首次吸毒时间、方式及种类,首次吸毒前调查对象的吸烟、饮酒,家庭成员、朋友和亲戚吸毒情况。结果:提供知情同意书的509名吸毒者中,研究对象从出生到首次吸毒的发生率为4.90/100人年(95%CI为4.48-5.33),发生首次吸毒的中位时间为19.7(95%CI为19.1-20.4)岁。在多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析中,维族(HR值为1.50;95%CI为1.25-1.80)、15岁以前开始吸烟(HR值为2.12,95%CI为1.77-2.55)及亲戚吸毒(HR值为1.36;95%CI为1.05-1.75)与发生首次吸毒的关系有统计学意义。结论:本调查提示青少年早期吸烟干预的健康教育对预防毒品滥用有必要,维族应该是当地干预的重点对象。