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1.
2.
A double blind, randomised, parallel group study to investigate
the dose equivalence of Dysport® and Botox®
in the treatment of cervical dystonia 下载免费PDF全文
T Odergren H Hjaltason S Kaakkola G Solders J Hanko C Fehling R Marttila H Lundh S Gedin I Westergren A Richardson C Dott H Cohen 《Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry》1998,64(1):6-12
OBJECTIVE—This study was designed toestablish whether a ratio of three units of Dysport® isequivalent to one unit of Botox® for the treatment ofcervical dystonia.
METHODS—Patients with predominantly rotationalcervical dystonia, and a minimum of four previous Botox treatments,were randomised to receive either the clinically indicated dose ofBotox or three times that dose in Dysport units. Study botulinum toxinwas administered in a double blind fashion, to one or more clinicallyindicated muscles, at one or more sites per muscle. Patients returnedfor assessment two, four, eight, and 12 weeks after treatment.
RESULTS—A total of 73 patients (Dysport, 38;Botox, 35) were entered. The Dysport group received a mean (SD) dose of477 (131) (range 240-720) Dysport units, and the Botox group receiveda mean (SD) dose of 152 (45) (range 70-240) Botox units. The mean(SEM) post-treatment Tsui scores for the Dysport group (4.8 (0.3)) andthe Botox group (5.0 (0.3)) were not statistically different (p=0.66).The study had 91% power to detect a clinically significant differenceof two points. Both groups showed substantial improvement in Tsui scoreby week 2 (mean (SD); Dysport, 46 (28)%; Botox, 37 (28)%), with apeak effect at week 4 (mean (SD); Dysport, 49 (29)%; Botox, 44 (28)%). A similar response profile was seen for other assessments ofefficacy. The duration of effect, assessed by time to retreatment, wasalso similar (mean (SD); Dysport, 83.9 (13.6) days; Botox, 80.7 (14.4)days; p=0.85). During the study 22 of 38 (58%) Dysport patientsreported 39 adverse events, and 24 of 35 (69%) Botox patients reported56 adverse events (p=0.35). A global assessment of efficacy and safetyconsidered that 29 of 38 (76%) Dysport patients and 23 of 35 (66%)Botox patients were treatment successes (p=0.32).
CONCLUSION—Patients with predominantly rotationalcervical dystonia treated with the clinically indicated dose of Botoxor three times that dose in Dysport units show similar improvements anddo not have significantly different safety profiles.
相似文献
METHODS—Patients with predominantly rotationalcervical dystonia, and a minimum of four previous Botox treatments,were randomised to receive either the clinically indicated dose ofBotox or three times that dose in Dysport units. Study botulinum toxinwas administered in a double blind fashion, to one or more clinicallyindicated muscles, at one or more sites per muscle. Patients returnedfor assessment two, four, eight, and 12 weeks after treatment.
RESULTS—A total of 73 patients (Dysport, 38;Botox, 35) were entered. The Dysport group received a mean (SD) dose of477 (131) (range 240-720) Dysport units, and the Botox group receiveda mean (SD) dose of 152 (45) (range 70-240) Botox units. The mean(SEM) post-treatment Tsui scores for the Dysport group (4.8 (0.3)) andthe Botox group (5.0 (0.3)) were not statistically different (p=0.66).The study had 91% power to detect a clinically significant differenceof two points. Both groups showed substantial improvement in Tsui scoreby week 2 (mean (SD); Dysport, 46 (28)%; Botox, 37 (28)%), with apeak effect at week 4 (mean (SD); Dysport, 49 (29)%; Botox, 44 (28)%). A similar response profile was seen for other assessments ofefficacy. The duration of effect, assessed by time to retreatment, wasalso similar (mean (SD); Dysport, 83.9 (13.6) days; Botox, 80.7 (14.4)days; p=0.85). During the study 22 of 38 (58%) Dysport patientsreported 39 adverse events, and 24 of 35 (69%) Botox patients reported56 adverse events (p=0.35). A global assessment of efficacy and safetyconsidered that 29 of 38 (76%) Dysport patients and 23 of 35 (66%)Botox patients were treatment successes (p=0.32).
CONCLUSION—Patients with predominantly rotationalcervical dystonia treated with the clinically indicated dose of Botoxor three times that dose in Dysport units show similar improvements anddo not have significantly different safety profiles.
相似文献
3.
4.
Competitive control of the self-renewing T cell repertoire 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We develop a mathematical model for the self-renewing part of the T cell
repertoire. Assuming that self-renewing T cells have to be stimulated by
immunogenic MHC-peptide complexes presented on the surfaces of
antigen-presenting cells, we derive a model of T cell growth in which
competition for MHC-peptide complexes limits T cell clone sizes and
regulates the total number of self-renewing T cells in the animal. We show
that for a sufficient diversity and/or degree of cross-reactivity, the
total T cell number hardly depends upon the diversity of the T cell
repertoire or the diversity of the set of presented peptides. Conversely,
for repertoires of lower diversity and/or cross-reactivity, steady-state
total T cell numbers may be limited by the diversity of the T cells. This
provides a possible explanation for the limited repertoire expansion in
some, but not all, mouse T cell re-constitution experiments. We suggest
that the competitive interactions described by our model underlie the
normal T cells numbers observed in transgenic mice, germ-free mice and
various knockout mice.
相似文献
5.
Localization of a gene for otosclerosis to chromosome 15q25-q26 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Tomek MS; Brown MR; Mani SR; Ramesh A; Srisailapathy CR; Coucke P; Zbar RI; Bell AM; McGuirt WT; Fukushima K; Willems PJ; Van Camp G; Smith RJ 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(2):285-290
Among white adults otosclerosis is the single most common cause of hearing
impairment. Although the genetics of this disease are controversial, the
majority of studies indicate autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced
penetrance. We studied a large multi- generational family in which
otosclerosis has been inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Five of16
affected persons have surgically confirmed otosclerosis; the remaining nine
have a conductive hearing loss but have not undergone corrective surgery.
To locate the disease- causing gene we completed genetic linkage analysis
using short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) distributed over the entire
genome. Multipoint linkage analysis showed that only one genomic region, on
chromosome 15q, generated a lod score >2.0. Additional STRPs were typed
in this area, resulting in a lod score of 3.4. STRPs FES (centromeric) and
D15S657 (telomeric) flank the 14. 5 cM region that contains an otosclerosis
gene.
相似文献
6.
IMPT1, an imprinted gene similar to polyspecific transporter and multi- drug resistance genes 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
Dao D; Frank D; Qian N; O'Keefe D; Vosatka RJ; Walsh CP; Tycko B 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(4):597-608
Human chromosome 11p15.5 and distal mouse chromosome 7 include a
megabase-scale chromosomal domain with multiple genes subject to parental
imprinting. Here we describe mouse and human versions of a novel imprinted
gene, IMPT1 , which lies between IPL and p57 KIP2 and which encodes a
predicted multi-membrane-spanning protein similar to bacterial and
eukaryotic polyspecific metabolite transporter and multi- drug resistance
pumps. Mouse Impt1 and human IMPT1 mRNAs are highly expressed in tissues
with metabolite transport functions, including liver, kidney, intestine,
extra-embryonic membranes and placenta, and there is strongly preferential
expression of the maternal allele in various mouse tissues at fetal stages.
In post-natal tissues there is persistent expression, but the allelic bias
attenuates. An allelic expression bias is also observed in human fetal and
post-natal tissues, but there is significant interindividual variation and
rare somatic allele switching. The fact that Impt1 is relatively repressed
on the paternal allele, together with data from other imprinted genes,
allows a statistical conclusion that the primary effect of human chromosome
11p15.5/mouse distal chromosome 7 imprinting is domain-wide relative
repression of genes on the paternal homolog. Dosage regulation of the
metabolite transporter gene(s) by imprinting might regulate placental and
fetal growth.
相似文献
7.
Role of nitric oxide in the biology, physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Following its benchmark discovery, nitric oxide (NO) is nowknown to play important functional roles in a variety of physiologicalsystems. Within the vasculature, NO induces vasodilation, inhibitsplatelet aggregation, prevents neutrophil/platelet adhesionto endothelial cells, inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferationand migration, regulates programmed cell death (apoptosis) andmaintains endothelial cell barrier function. NO generated byneurons acts as a neurotransmitter, whereas NO generated bymacrophages in response to invading microbes acts as an antimicrobialagent. Because neurons, blood vessels and cells of the immunesystem are integral parts of the reproductive organs, and inview of the important functional role that NO plays in thosesystems, it is likely that NO is an important regulator of thebiology and physiology of the reproductive system. Indeed, inthe past 10 years, NO has established itself as a polyvalentmolecule which plays a decisive role in regulating multiplefunctions within the female as well as the male reproductivesystem. This review provides an overview of the role of NO invarious reproductive organs under physiological and pathologicalconditions. 相似文献
8.
Oksi J Marttila H Soini H Aho H Uksila J Viljanen MK 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2001,109(9):581-588
The diagnosis of erythema migrans (EM) is not always easy, and reports of culture- or PCR-confirmed diagnosis as well as reports of EM with simultaneous disseminated disease are few. Characteristics and incidence of EM in addition to frequency of early dissemination of B. burgdorferi were studied in the archipelago of South-Western Finland prospectively using questionnaires, skin biopsies and blood samples. Clinical EM was recognized in 82 patients (incidence 148/100,000 inhabitants/year). Of skin biopsy samples, 35.5% were positive by PCR (the majority B. garinii), and 21.5% by cultivation (all B. garinii). Of blood samples, 3.8% were positive by PCR, and 7.7% by cultivation. Of the patients, 30.9% were seropositive at the first visit, and 52.9% 3 weeks later. Of the patients with laboratory confirmed diagnosis, the EM lesion was ring-like in 31.8% and homogeneous in 65.9%. Dissemination of B. burgdorferi, based on culture or PCR positivity of blood samples, was detected in 11.0% of the patients. The frequency of generalized symptoms was nearly the same in patients with as in those without dissemination (22.2% vs 27.4%). Only 21.4% of the patients with culture-positive EM recalled a previous tick bite at the site of the EM lesion. We conclude that EM lesions are more often homogeneous than ring-like. B. burgdorferi may disseminate early without generalized symptoms. 相似文献
9.
ATRX encodes a novel member of the SNF2 family of proteins: mutations point to a common mechanism underlying the ATR-X syndrome 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11
Picketts DJ; Higgs DR; Bachoo S; Blake DJ; Quarrell OW; Gibbons RJ 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(12):1899-1907
It was shown recently that mutations of the ATRX gene give rise to a
severe, X-linked form of syndromal mental retardation associated with alpha
thalassaemia (ATR-X syndrome). In this study, we have characterised the
full-length cDNA and predicted structure of the ATRX protein. Comparative
analysis shows that it is an entirely new member of the SNF2 subgroup of a
superfamily of proteins with similar ATPase and helicase domains. ATRX
probably acts as a regulator of gene expression. Definition of its genomic
structure enabled us to identify four novel splicing defects by screening
52 affected individuals. Correlation between these and previously
identified mutations with variations in the ATR-X phenotype provides
insights into the pathophysiology of this disease and the normal role of
the ATRX protein in vivo.
相似文献
10.