Radiation dose reduction during hysterosalpingography: an application of scanning-beam digital radiography

Hysterosalpingography was performed in 31 patients by means of a low-dose scanning-beam digital radiographic system. The technique permits adequate evaluation of gynecologic abnormalities while allowing significant reduction in radiation: 2.4-mR (6.1 X 10(-7) C/kg) exposure to the skin and 0.7-mrad (7 X 10(-6) Gy) mean dose to the ovaries per image obtained. Sixteen patients demonstrated readily recognizable and documented abnormalities, corroborated by laparoscopy, laparotomy, or other supportive evidence.     

Chronic hiccups

Patients with chronic hiccups should be carefully examined for an underlying disorder while receiving symptomatic treatment. Treatment includes physical maneuvers, drugs such as chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, anticonvulsants or quinidine, and other, less tested modalities such as hypnosis. Only those patients with disabling hiccups that do not respond to conservative treatment should be considered for phrenic nerve surgery.     

新麻醉药静松灵生物转化的研究

静松灵[2-(2,4-二甲基苯胺基)-4,5-二氢噻唑,XT]是国内合成的麻醉物,经ip给药后,从大鼠尿中分离、纯化、鉴定了四个代谢产物。MB₁即XT原形;MB₃及MA₂互为异构体,分别为2位、4位甲基氧化为羧基的产物;MA₁则4位甲基氧化为羧基,二氢噻唑环中4¹位亚甲基氧化为羰基。初步实验表明:代谢产物MB₃,MA²,MA₁的药效与毒性均远低于原形药,大鼠与小鼠对XT的转化机制相近,但也存在种属的差异。     

Urethral stricture after TURP and transvesical prostatectomy]

In an attempt to elucidate factors predisposing to the occurrence of urethral stricture after transurethral resection of the prostate, we performed a prospective follow-up of 178 patients over 12-20 months. We took account of 11 factors that we considered important. Urethral strictures developed in 14.04% of the patients. The resection operations were carried out by five different surgeons, who had different rates of stricture. The only one of the 11 factors studied that was found to involve a statistically significant risk was the presence of an indwelling catheter for more than 3 days. No other factor influenced the result. This patient group was compared with a group of 73 patients followed up for 12-60 months following transvesical prostatectomy. In this group only one stricture (1.36% incidence rate) was observed retrospectively. It seems that urethral ischaemia might increase the risk of urethral stricture. Urethral injuries are considerably less frequent with open prostatectomy. Therefore, we recommend transvesical prostatectomy for pronounced prostatic hyperplasias.     

F-19 MR imaging of glucose metabolism in the rabbit

Noninvasive metabolic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging reflecting glucose metabolism in the aldose-reductase-sorbitol (ARS) pathway was performed in the rabbit head; after administration of the fluorinated glucose analogue 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose (3FD-glucose), fluorine-19 images were generated. Images of 3FD-glucose showed significant 3FD-glucose uptake by adipose tissue, indicating its buffering effects in case of excess loads of glucose. Images of 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-sorbitol (3FD-sorbitol) demonstrated the spatial distribution of aldose reductase activities and significant sorbitol accumulation in the lens. Images of 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-fructose (3FD-fructose) showed preferential uptake of fructose by muscle tissue. The extremely low toxicity of 3FD-glucose indicates promise for its clinical application in metabolic imaging.     

大鼠移植心脏组织中血小板衍生生长因子A mRNA表达及雷帕霉素的干预效应

目的:血小板衍生生长因子在平滑肌细胞的表型转化过程中起重要作用。观察大鼠移植心脏组织中血小板衍生生长因子AmRNA表达的变化及雷帕霉素的干预效应。方法:实验于2005-10/2006-01在中南大学湘雅二医院胸心外科实验室完成。将60只SD大鼠、24只Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法分为3组:①同系移植组:供、受体各12只,均为SD大鼠。②异系移植组:供体为Wistar大鼠(n=24),受体为SD大鼠(n=24),受体大鼠随机分为雷帕霉素组(n=12)和环孢霉素组(n=12),术后分别给予雷帕霉素1.25mg/(kg·d)灌胃及环孢霉素A10mg/(kg·d)皮下注射,给药60d,给药结束后留取移植心脏待检。③另12只SD大鼠直接取心脏组织作为正常对照组。指标检测:①对移植心脏组织行VanGieson染色后采用Miassystem4.1医学图像分析管理系统分析血管狭窄程度。②应用反转录-聚合酶链反应检测血小板衍生生长因子AmRNA在移植心脏组织中的表达情况。结果:36只受体SD大鼠及12只正常SD大鼠全部进入结果分析,无脱失。①同系移植组、环孢霉素组及雷帕霉素组大鼠的冠状动脉狭窄指数均显著高于正常对照组[(13.12±0.72)%,(62.45±8.12)%,(28.91±3.24)%,(0.09±0.02)%(P<0.01)],环孢霉素组及雷帕霉素组高于同系移植组(P<0.05),环孢霉素组高于雷帕霉素组(P<0.01)。②正常对照组、同系移植组、环孢霉素组及雷帕霉素组大鼠的血小板衍生生长因子AmRNA相对含量分别为0.19±0.06,0.21±0.08,1.12±0.22及0.47±0.11,环孢霉素组、雷帕霉素组显著高于同系移植组(P<0.01),环孢霉素组高于雷帕霉素组(P<0.05)。结论:血小板衍生生长因子AmRNA的高表达与移植心脏的血管硬化有关;雷帕霉素具有预防大鼠心脏移植物血管病变的作用,其作用可能与抑制心脏组织中血小板衍生生长因子AmRNA的表达有关。