Perforation Rates for Nonsterile Examination Gloves in Routine Dermatologic Procedures

BACKGROUND: Low cost, nonsterile examination gloves are used routinely to perform various dermatologic procedures. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perforation rate of nonsterile examination gloves in routine dermatologic procedures. METHODS: Three hundred fifty nonsterile latex examination gloves used to perform shave biopsies were evaluated for perforations using an air inflation/water submersion method. Ninety gloves, which were intentionally perforated with a 30-gauge needle, were used as controls to assess our evaluation method. RESULTS: Eight of the 350 gloves were found to have a perforation, which corresponds to a 2.3% perforation rate. Seven of the eight perforations were found in the web space between the second and third finger sleeves, with one being an obvious manufacturing error. All 90 perforations of the control group were correctly identified. CONCLUSION: There appears to be a very low risk of glove perforation when nonsterile examination gloves are used in routine dermatologic procedures.     

Tumor cells induced by the v-src oncogene are heterogeneous for expression of markers of mesenchyme differentiation

The observation that v-src-induced tumors contain tumor cells of differing morphology, notably fibroblastoid or polygonal, raised the question as to whether the tumor cells are also heterogeneous with respect to expression of markers of cellular differentiation. Of the markers tested here, consistent reactivity for tumor tissue was noted only for antibody probes reactive to muscle actin (HHF35, sm-1) or to procollagen type I (SP1. D8); for any given tumor, whether induced by v-src DNA or by Rous sarcoma virus, each of these markers was found only in a subpopulation of tumor cells. The observation of marker heterogeneity in the one v-src DNA-induced tumor examined here that typed as monoclonal suggests that v-src-induced transformation is consonant with a degree of plasticity in the phenotypes of the clonal progeny of a single transformant.     

Bacterial characteristics in relation to clinical source of Escherichia coli isolates from women with acute cystitis or pyelonephritis and uninfected women

Characteristics differentiating Escherichia coli strains that cause cystitis or pyelonephritis from fecal E. coli remain incompletely defined, particularly among adult women in the United States. Accordingly, phylogenetic group, O antigens, and virulence factors (VFs) were analyzed among 329 E. coli isolates from the mid-to-late 1990s from women in the United States with acute pyelonephritis (n = 170), cystitis (n = 83), or no infection (fecal; n = 76). Compared with fecal and cystitis isolates, pyelonephritis isolates exhibited a greater prevalence of phylogenetic group B2, most virulence-associated O antigens, and most VFs and had higher VF scores. In contrast, cystitis and fecal isolates differed minimally. By stepwise multivariable logistic regression, significant (P < or = 0.015) predictors of cystitis and/or pyelonephritis (versus fecal) included afa/dra (Dr-binding adhesins), ibeA (invasion of brain endothelium), iha (putative adhesin-siderophore), malX (pathogenicity island marker), the O75 antigen, papEF (P fimbriae), papG allele II (P adhesin variant), group B2, and sfa/foc (S and F1C fimbriae). However, virulence profiles overlapped considerably among source groups and varied greatly within each group. E. coli "clonal group A" (CGA) and the O2:K5/K7:H1 and O75:K+ clonal groups were significantly associated with cystitis and/or pyelonephritis. These findings identify potential vaccine targets, suggest that urovirulence is multiply determined, and confirm the urovirulence of specific E. coli clonal groups, including recently recognized CGA.