全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2377篇 |
免费 | 103篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 31篇 |
儿科学 | 178篇 |
妇产科学 | 119篇 |
基础医学 | 174篇 |
口腔科学 | 73篇 |
临床医学 | 228篇 |
内科学 | 529篇 |
皮肤病学 | 54篇 |
神经病学 | 132篇 |
特种医学 | 120篇 |
外科学 | 468篇 |
综合类 | 40篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 55篇 |
眼科学 | 56篇 |
药学 | 121篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 111篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 59篇 |
2020年 | 30篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 53篇 |
2017年 | 42篇 |
2016年 | 75篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 93篇 |
2013年 | 131篇 |
2012年 | 158篇 |
2011年 | 194篇 |
2010年 | 109篇 |
2009年 | 77篇 |
2008年 | 188篇 |
2007年 | 178篇 |
2006年 | 181篇 |
2005年 | 176篇 |
2004年 | 165篇 |
2003年 | 135篇 |
2002年 | 88篇 |
2001年 | 63篇 |
2000年 | 38篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2493条查询结果,搜索用时 17 毫秒
1.
Formulation and in Vitro-in Vivo Evaluation of Sustained-Release Lithium Carbonate Tablets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Çiftçi Kadriye Çapan Yilmaz Öztürk Orhan Hincal A. Atilla 《Pharmaceutical research》1990,7(4):359-363
The release of lithium carbonate incorporated into polymethylmethacrylate, poly vinyl chloride, hy-drogenated vegetable oil, and carbomer matrix tablets was studied in vitro. The formulation containing 10% carbomer showed a sustained-release profile comparable to that of a standard, commercially available, sustained-release preparation containing 400 mg lithium carbonate embedded in a composite material. In vivo the newly formulated and standard sustained-release lithium carbonate tablets were compared to an oral solution and conventional lithium carbonate tablets in 12 healthy subjects. These crossover studies showed that the sustained-release tablets produced a flatter serum concentration curve than the oral solution and conventional tablet, without loss of total bioavailability. 相似文献
2.
Yildiz Oner-Iyido?an Pernur Oner Hikmet Ko?ak Abdul Lama Figen Gürd?l Selda? Bekpinar Nurettin Unur Zeynep Ozbek-Kir 《Pharmacological research》2005,52(4):340-345
Leukocyte arylsulphatase A (AS-A) was shown to be significantly high in newly-diagnosed breast cancer patients. Previous reports imply a connection between serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and breast cancer, possibly through a modulation of enzymes involved in estrogen synthesis. Abnormal distribution of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in malignant breast epithelial cells suggests that they play a key role in the regulation of cell growth. Estradiol is believed to be effective in modulating glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and their depolymerizing enzymes. Therefore, in this study, attempts were made to evaluate the activity of leukocyte arylsulphatase A, serum interleukin-6, urinary GAGs and heparan sulphate (HS) in response to tamoxifen (TAM) therapy in mastectomised breast cancer patients. Thirty-four patients (aged 30-82 years) were administered TAM (20 mg twice daily). Blood and urine samples of each patient were collected three times (at the beginning, and in third and sixth month of TAM therapy), and biochemical parameters were measured. There was no difference between baseline leukocyte AS-A activity and that measured after three months. At the end of six months, enzyme activity was significantly higher than the former values (p=0.022), but within the reference intervals reported in the literature. Although this increase might imply a normalization, the duration of TAM therapy is not long enough to make a decision about either regression or aggravation of the disease. TAM did not have any effect on serum IL-6, urinary HS and GAG levels which may be due to insensitivity of these variables to TAM during the short period of therapy. Both urinary GAG and HS levels measured at sixth month exhibited a positive correlation with the baseline level of leukocyte AS-A (p=0.005 and 0.009, respectively), suggesting that positive responses to the drug might be seen in patients with low AS-A activity. 相似文献
3.
A. C. Iplikçioğlu M. A. Bayar F. Kökeş B. Yildiz C. Gökçek Z. Buharali 《Neuroradiology》1994,36(1):31-32
We report a fluid level in an acute extradural haematoma developing after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus. This fluid level was thought to be due to a mixture of blood and cerebrospinal fluid. 相似文献
4.
Effects of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and various doses of thyroxin (T4) on prolactin (PRL)-producing cells and thyrotropic cells in the pituitary were investigated in adult male and female Rana ridibunda frogs. Animals were given 200 microg TRH once a week for 4 weeks and 0.2-0.5 mg T4 during 3 days per week for a period of 2 weeks by injections in the groin. PRL-producing cells and thyrotropic cells were identified with light microscopical and electron microscopical immunocytochemical methods, using rabbit anti-PRL and rabbit anti-thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) as primary antibodies. TRH caused cytological changes in both cell types, which were consistent with increased synthesis and release of both PRL and TSH. Treatment with 0.5 mg T4 activated both cell types less than TRH treatment did, whereas 0.2 and 0.4 mg T4 caused inactivation of both cell types. In conclusion, mammalian TRH is effective on both types of frog pituitary cells. Our study suggests that T4 has a positive rather than a negative effect when concentrations above a certain threshold are given. 相似文献
5.
Ioana Maris Sabine Dölle-Bierke Jean-Marie Renaudin Lars Lange Alice Koehli Thomas Spindler Jonathan Hourihane Kathrin Scherer Katja Nemat C. Kemen Irena Neustädter Christian Vogelberg Thomas Reese Ismail Yildiz Zsolt Szepfalusi Hagen Ott Helen Straube Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos Susanne Hämmerling Ute Staden Michael Polz Tihomir Mustakov Ewa Cichocka-Jarosz Renata Cocco Alessandro Giovanni Fiocchi Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas Margitta Worm Network for Online Registration of Anaphylaxis 《Allergy》2021,76(5):1517-1527
Background
Peanut allergy has a rising prevalence in high-income countries, affecting 0.5%–1.4% of children. This study aimed to better understand peanut anaphylaxis in comparison to anaphylaxis to other food triggers in European children and adolescents.Methods
Data was sourced from the European Anaphylaxis Registry via an online questionnaire, after in-depth review of food-induced anaphylaxis cases in a tertiary paediatric allergy centre.Results
3514 cases of food anaphylaxis were reported between July 2007 - March 2018, 56% in patients younger than 18 years. Peanut anaphylaxis was recorded in 459 children and adolescents (85% of all peanut anaphylaxis cases). Previous reactions (42% vs. 38%; p = .001), asthma comorbidity (47% vs. 35%; p < .001), relevant cofactors (29% vs. 22%; p = .004) and biphasic reactions (10% vs. 4%; p = .001) were more commonly reported in peanut anaphylaxis. Most cases were labelled as severe anaphylaxis (Ring&Messmer grade III 65% vs. 56% and grade IV 1.1% vs. 0.9%; p = .001). Self-administration of intramuscular adrenaline was low (17% vs. 15%), professional adrenaline administration was higher in non-peanut food anaphylaxis (34% vs. 26%; p = .003). Hospitalization was higher for peanut anaphylaxis (67% vs. 54%; p = .004).Conclusions
The European Anaphylaxis Registry data confirmed peanut as one of the major causes of severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reactions in European children, with some characteristic features e.g., presence of asthma comorbidity and increased rate of biphasic reactions. Usage of intramuscular adrenaline as first-line treatment is low and needs to be improved. The Registry, designed as the largest database on anaphylaxis, allows continuous assessment of this condition.6.
Mechanisms of smooth muscle antibody production: a clinical study in children with infections, haemolytic syndromes, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical pathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
F Kanakoudi-Tsakalidis C Cassimos T Papastavrou-Mavroudi T Akoglu B H Toh A Yildiz O Osung E J Holborow J Sotelo 《Journal of clinical pathology》1979,32(12):1257-1263
Sera from 530 children suffering from various diseases and from 64 controls were tested for smooth muscle autoantibodies (SMA) by indirect immunofluorescence. A high incidence of SMA (51-86%) was found in patients with viral and bacterial infections (viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, measles, mumps, chickenpox, typhoid fever, and brucellosis), independently of liver invovlvement, and in patients with acute haemolytic anaemia due to G-6-PD deficiency (48%). By contrast, the incidence of SMA from patients with beta-thalassaemia major and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was no higher than in the controls. The discrepancy in incidence in haemolytic anaemias due to different causes may reflect the effect of endogenous and extrinsic agents. In the viral infections, SMA were mainly of the IgM class and gave an 'SMA-V' staining pattern. In bacterial infections (typhoid fever and brucellosis), SMA were either IgG only or IgM and IgG, and the staining pattern was also mainly 'SMA-V'. In infections which affect or may affect the liver (viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, typhoid fever, and brucellosis), SMA was present at high titres (1:80-1:320), whereas in infections not affecting the liver (measles, mumps, and chickenpox) the titres were lower (less than or equal to 1:80). In most patients SMA occurred transiently and without apparent pathogenetic significance. The antigen against which infection-induced SMA is directed is not actin; its nature has yet to be identified. 相似文献
7.
Deniz Eyice Karabacak Semra Demir Osman Ozan Yeğit Ali Can Kadriye Terzioğlu Derya Ünal Müge Olgaç Raif Coşkun Bahauddin Çolakoğlu Suna Büyüköztürk Aslı Gelincik 《Allergy》2021,76(8):2535-2543
Background
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks can be provoked with psychological factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of anxiety, depression and stress related to COVID-19 pandemic on disease activity of HAE patients during the quarantine period (QP) and the return to normal period (RTNP).Methods
This study was conducted between March 2020 and September 2020 in four allergy centres. Demographic, clinical features and mental health status were evaluated in QP (from March to the beginning of June) and RTNP (from June to the beginning of September) applied by the government. The 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS10) was used to define the severity of HAE attacks. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and Fear of COVID-19 (FC-19) scale were performed to assess mental health status.Results
139 HAE patients were included in the study. In QP, median attack numbers and median VAS10 scores were 5 (min-max: 0–45) and 6 (min-max: 0–10), respectively. HAE attack numbers, DASS-21 stress, anxiety, depression and total DASS-21 scores, and FC-19 scores were higher in QP than RTNP (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). However, there was no difference in attack severity scores between the two periods (p > 0.05).Conclusions
This study revealed that the restriction measures during COVID-19 outbreak cause an increase in the number of HAE attacks in relation to anxiety, depression, stress and fear of COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is important to provide psychological support to HAE patients during the pandemic.8.
Inge Van de Walle Karen Silence Kevin Budding Liesbeth Van de Ven Kim Dijkxhoorn Elisabeth de Zeeuw Cafer Yildiz Sofie Gabriels Jean-Michel Percier Johanna Wildemann Jan Meeldijk Peter J. Simons Louis Boon Linda Cox Rob Holgate Rolf Urbanus Henny G. Otten Jeanette H.W. Leusen Peter Boross 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2021,147(4):1420-1429.e7
9.
Ali Yildiz Ekrem Islamoglu Mustafa Yuksel Ibrahim Erol Kaan Karamik Tuncay Cakir Mutlu Ates Murat Savas 《Current Urology》2021,15(2):111
Background:To evaluate the changes in penile sensation by electrophysiological tests in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and to demonstrate the role of dorsal penile nerve injury in postoperative erectile dysfunction.Materials and methods:Twenty-six volunteer patients who were eligible for RP were included in the study. Preoperative penile sensory electromyography and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire were done for each patient. Erectile function assessment and electrophysiological evaluation of penile sensation were repeated at postoperative 3rd and 6th months.Results:Postoperative IIEF-5 scores and electromyography values were significantly lower than preoperative findings (p < 0.05). The IIEF-5 scores in the nerve sparing-RP (NS-RP) group were significantly higher than the non-nerve sparing-RP (NNS-RP) group in the postoperative period. Nerve conduction velocity values in the NS-RP group were also higher than the NNS-RP group at the postoperative 3rd and 6th months. However, these changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusions:Patients who underwent RP have decreased penile sensation due to cavernous nerve damage and a possible dorsal penile nerve injury. The decrease of penile sensation may be associated with postoperative erectile dysfunction. 相似文献
10.
Bengi Balci Alp Yildiz Sezai Leventoğlu Bulent Mentes 《World journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2021,13(11):1327-1337
Retrorectal or presacral tumors are rare lesions located in the presacral area and considered as being derived from multiple embryological remnants. These tumors are classified as congenital, neurogenic, osseous, inflammatory, or miscellaneous. The most common among these are congenital benign lesions that present with non-specific symptoms, such as lower back pain and change in bowel habit. Although congenital and developmental tumors occur in younger patients, the median age of presentation is reported to be 45 years. Magnetic resonance imaging plays a crucial role in treatment management through accurate diagnosis of the lesion, the evaluation of invasion to adjacent structures, and the decision of appropriate surgical approach. The usefulness of preoperative biopsy is still debated; currently, it is only indicated for solid or heterogeneous tumors if it will alter the treatment management. Surgical resection with clear margins is considered the optimal treatment; described approaches are transabdominal, perineal, combined abdominoperineal, and minimally invasive. Benign retrorectal tumors have favorable long-term outcomes with a low incidence of recurrence, whereas malignant tumors have a potential for distant organ metastasis in addition to local recurrence. 相似文献