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排序方式: 共有302条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ingunn Bj?rnsdóttir Thomas Ray Einarson Lárus Steintór Guemundsson Rannveig Alma Einarsdóttir 《Pharmacy World & Science》2007,29(6):577-583
Aim To determine the efficacy of diphenhydramine against cough due to respiratory infection or irritation in patients/subjects
without comorbidities.
Method Two reviewers independently identified English language studies, searching on: clinical trials, randomized, diphenhydramine
(OR dimenhydrinate), antitussive agents, cough (combine using AND). Sources were: Medline (1966–2005), Embase (1980–2005),
Cochrane and references from retrieved articles. Two other reviewers, blinded to study origin selected studies, inclusion
criteria being: diphenhydramine monotherapy against placebo, double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial, intention-to-treat,
dropout information. The blinded reviewers evaluated the selected studies on a quality scale.
Results Eleven articles were identified, 7 were rejected (4 not placebo controlled, 2 had no diphenhydramine, 1 not blinded), leaving
4 articles, that were included in the evaluation and scored 20, 21, 25 and 26 out of a maximum of 32. In these selected studies,
a total of 162 people were examined, 65 on diphenhydramine, 63 on placebo and 34 in a crossover setting. There was a total
of 13 dropouts. The crossover studies demonstrated significant effect; 27–56% reduction in 20 healthy volunteers and 21–26%
reduction in 13 patients (originally 14, one outlier left out), whereas the active versus placebo studies did not.
Conclusion In spite of the 60 years that the substance has been on the market, only few studies have properly evaluated the effect of
diphenhydramine against cough. Presumptions about efficacy of diphenhydramine against cough in humans are not univocally substantiated
in literature. 相似文献
2.
C. A. Vedeler H. Nyland J. Fagius P. O. Osterman R. Matre J. A. Aarli R. W. C. Janzen H. Jacobsen H. Skre 《Journal of neurology》1982,228(1):59-64
Summary The mixed haemagglutination technique was used to demonstrate IgG antibodies to peripheral nerve tissue in sera from patients with the Guillain-Barré syndrome. The clinical effect and the effect on the antibodies of plasma exchange were examined in 18 patients. Neurological examination with muscle testing and neurophysiological examination of the patients were performed before and immediately after plasma exchange. Before the exchange antibodies were detected in sera from 11 of the patients. These patients showed clinical improvement during the treatment. After plasma exchange, antibodies were detected in sera from only two of the patients. The seven patients without detectable antibodies showed no clinical improvement.
Zusammenfassung Bei 18 Patienten mit Guillain-Barré Syndrom, die einem therapeutischen Plasmaaustausch (PA) unterzogen wurden, wurde das Serum mit Hilfe einer gemischten Hämagglutinations-Technik auf IgG-Antikörper (IgG-AK) gegen peripheres Nervengewebe untersucht. Einfluß der PA auf den klinischen Zustand und Titerverlauf wurden verglichen: Bei 11 Patienten wurden IgG-AK gefunden; sie zeigten unter der PA eine klinisch verifizierte Besserung, die in einigen Fällen auch elektromyographisch gesichert werden konnte; nach Beendigung der PA waren nur noch in 2 Fällen IgG-AK nach-weisbar. Bei den restlichen 7 Patienten fehlten IgG-AK; bei ihnen war die PA ohne Effekt.相似文献
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Magne Aldrin Ragnhild Raastad Ingunn Fride Tvete Dag Berild Arnoldo Frigessi Truls Leegaard Dominique L. Monnet Mette Walberg Fredrik Müller 《Statistics in medicine》2013,32(8):1407-1418
Association between previous antibiotic use and emergence of antibiotic resistance has been reported for several microorganisms. The relationship has been extensively studied, and although the causes of antibiotic resistance are multi‐factorial, clear evidence of antibiotic use as a major risk factor exists. Most studies are carried out in countries with high consumption of antibiotics and corresponding high levels of antibiotic resistance, and currently, little is known whether and at what level the associations are detectable in a low antibiotic consumption environment. We conduct an ecological, retrospective study aimed at determining the impact of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in three hospitals in Norway, a country with low levels of antibiotic use. We construct a sophisticated statistical model to capture such low signals. To reduce noise, we conduct our study at hospital ward level. We propose a random effect Poisson or binomial regression model, with a reparametrisation that allows us to reduce the number of parameters. Inference is likelihood based. Through scenario simulation, we study the potential effects of reduced or increased antibiotic use. Results clearly indicate that the effects of consumption on resistance are present under conditions with relatively low use of antibiotic agents. This strengthens the recommendation on prudent use of antibiotics, even when consumption is relatively low. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Ethical implications of home telecare for older people: a framework derived from a multisited participative study
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Maggie Mort PhD Celia Roberts PhD Jeannette Pols PhD Miquel Domenech PhD Ingunn Moser PhD The EFORTT investigators 《Health expectations》2015,18(3):438-449
Context
Telecare and telehealth developments have recently attracted much attention in research and service development contexts, where their evaluation has predominantly concerned effectiveness and efficiency. Their social and ethical implications, in contrast, have received little scrutiny.Objective
To develop an ethical framework for telecare systems based on analysis of observations of telecare‐in‐use and citizens’ panel deliberations.Design
Ethnographic study (observation, work shadowing), interviews, older citizens’ panels and a participative conference.Setting
Participants’ homes, workplaces and familiar community venues in England, Spain, the Netherlands and Norway 2008–2011.Results
Older respondents expressed concerns that telecare might be used to replace face‐to‐face/hands‐on care to cut costs. Citizens’ panels strongly advocated ethical and social questions being considered in tandem with technical and policy developments. Older people are too often excluded from telecare system design, and installation is often wrongly seen as a one‐off event. Some systems enhance self‐care by increasing self‐awareness, while others shift agency away from the older person, introducing new forms of dependency.Conclusions
Telecare has care limitations; it is not a solution, but a shift in networks of relations and responsibilities. Telecare cannot be meaningfully evaluated as an entity, but rather in the situated relations people and technologies create together. Characteristics of ethical telecare include on‐going user/carer engagement in decision making about systems: in‐home system evolution with feedback opportunities built into implementation. System design should be horizontal, ‘two‐way’/interactive rather than vertical or ‘one‐way’. An ethical framework for telecare has been developed from these conclusions (Table 1). 相似文献7.
Jenny Mullen Lasse Vestli Bkken Timo Trmkangas Lena Ekstrm Magnus Ericsson Ingunn R. Hullstein Jenny J. Schulze 《Drug testing and analysis》2020,12(6):720-730
The steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) aims to detect doping with endogenous steroids, e.g. testosterone (T), by longitudinally monitoring several biomarkers. These biomarkers are ratios combined into urinary concentrations of testosterone and metabolically related steroids. However, it is evident after 5 years of monitoring steroid passports that there are large variations in the steroid ratios complicating its interpretation. In this study, we used over 11000 urinary steroid profiles from Swedish and Norwegian athletes to determine both the inter‐ and intra‐individual variations of all steroids and ratios in the steroidal passport. Furthermore, we investigated if the inter‐individual variations could be associated with factors such as gender, type of sport, age, time of day, time of year, and if the urine was collected in or out of competition. We show that there are factors reported in today's doping tests that significantly affect the steroid profiles. The factors with the largest influence on the steroid profile were the type of sport classification that the athlete belonged to as well as whether the urine was collected in or out of competition. There were also significant differences based on what time of day and time of year the urine sample was collected. Whether these significant changes are relevant when longitudinally monitoring athletes in the steroidal module of the ABP should be evaluated further. 相似文献
8.
Ingunn Amble Tore Gude Sven Stubdal Tuva Oktedalen Anne Marie Skjorten Bror Just Andersen 《Psychotherapy research》2013,23(4):504-507
AbstractObjective: Monitoring of ongoing psychotherapy is of crucial importance in improving the quality of mental health care by detecting therapies being off track, which requires that the instrument used is psychometrically sound. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2 (OQ-45) and situates the results in an international context.Method: Data from one non-clinical sample (N = 338) and one clinical sample (N = 560) were compared to international samples investigating reliability, cut-offs, and factor structure. Results: The results show adequate reliability and concurrent validity. Conclusions: The means, clinical cut-offs, and the reliable change index vary across countries. However, the means of the OQ-45 for nonclinical samples correlate highly with external values of national well-being, indicating that the OQ-45 is a valid instrument internationally. The factor analyses in the present study do not confirm the hypothesized factor structure of the OQ-45, but are similar to the results internationally. 相似文献
9.
Engebretsen Ingunn M. S. Doherty Tanya Horwood Christiane Moland Karen Marie Dierkes Jutta 《Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz》2018,61(8):937-944
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Da es an der Überlegenheit des Stillens gegenüber anderen Formen der Säuglingsernährung keinen Zweifel mehr... 相似文献
10.
Ingunn Ranøyen Thomas Jozefiak Jan Wallander Stian Lydersen Marit S. Indredavik 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2014,49(12):1937-1949