硫化氢对动脉粥样硬化的影响及其与 CX3CR1 的关系

目的在高脂饮食ApoE基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化模型中,探讨硫化氢对动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响及其与斑块内趋化因子受体CX3CR1的关系。方法10周龄、雄性纯合子ApoE基因敲除小鼠予以高脂饮食喂养,在高脂饮食喂养第4、8、12、24周时处死小鼠并留取血浆和主动脉,通过化学比色法和Western Blot技术检测血浆硫化氢水平和主动脉胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶（CSE）表达情况。一部分小鼠在高脂饮食4或12周后开始每天予以硫化氢供体药物NaHS（1mg-kg^-1,i．P．）或生理盐水。高脂饮食24周后,通过超声生物显微镜成像技术评估小鼠主动脉及其主要分支内的动脉粥样硬化情况,随后处死小鼠并留取主动脉,通过H＆E染色和免疫组化技术进一步观察小鼠头臂干动脉粥样斑块的病变情况及CX3CR1的表达水平。结果在动脉粥样硬化斑块形成早期,即出现了CSE表达水平的显著降低,随着斑块的进展,CSE的表达水平进一步下调和CSE活性明显下降,最终导致血浆硫化氢水平的显著降低。动脉粥样硬化早期或中晚期予以NariS均可显著延缓动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成和进展,但是NaHS早期干预,其抗动脉粥样化的益处显著优于中晚期干预。NariS的抗动脉粥样硬化益处可能与其抑制斑块内CX3CR1的表达有关。结论动脉粥样硬化过程中存在着内源性硫化氢代谢紊乱,予以NaHS干预可抑制斑块内CX3CR1的表达和延缓动脉粥样硬化的进展,早期NaHS干预的疗效显著优于中晚期干预。     

光学相干断层扫描血管成像在眼科的应用进展

光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)是近年逐渐兴起的一种眼科非入侵式影像学检查方法,它是在光学相干断层扫描(OCT)的基础上逐渐发展起来并逐步应用于临床。OCTA通过扫描血管内流动的红细胞显示出眼底血流密度与眼底组织结构形态,在眼科相关疾病(尤其是眼底病变)的诊治及疗效评估方面具有很高的价值。OCTA具有高分辨率、易操作、快速扫描、三维成像等优势,现已被应用于眼科疾病(脉络膜新生血管、糖尿病视网膜病变、角膜和虹膜相关疾病、弱视、青光眼等)的评估和诊断。本文就OCTA技术在眼科疾病中的应用进行综述。     

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Laparoscopic Versus Open Gastric Resections for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Stomach

Background

This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that compares the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastric resection (LR) versus open gastric resection (OR) for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

Methods

Comparative studies reporting the outcomes of LR and OR for GIST were reviewed.

Results

A total of 11 nonrandomized studies reviewed 765 patients: 381 LR and 384 OR. A higher proportion of high-risk tumors and gastrectomies were in the OR compared with LR (odds ratio, 3.348; 95 % CI, 1.248–8.983; p = .016) and (odds ratio, .169; 95 % CI, .090–.315; p < .001), respectively. Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the LR group [weighted mean difference (WMD), ?86.508 ml; 95 % CI, ?141.184 to ?31.831 ml; p < .002]. The LR group was associated with a significantly lower risk of minor complications (odds ratio, .517; 95 % CI, .277–.965; p = .038), a decreased postoperative hospital stay (WMD, ?3.421 days; 95 % CI, ?4.737 to ?2.104 days; p < .001), a shorter time to first flatus (WMD, ?1.395 days; 95 % CI, ?1.655 to ?1.135 days; p < .001), and shorter time for resumption of oral intake (WMD, ?1.887 days; 95 % CI, ?2.785 to ?.989 days; p < .001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to operation time (WMD, 5.731 min; 95 % CI, ?15.354–26.815 min; p = .594), rate of major complications (odds ratio, .631; 95 % CI, .202–1.969; p = .428), margin positivity (odds ratio, .501; 95 % CI, .157–1.603; p = .244), local recurrence rate (odds ratio, .629; 95 % CI, .208–1.903; p = .412), recurrence-free survival (RFS) (odds ratio, 1.28; 95 % CI, .705–2.325; p = .417), and overall survival (OS) (odds ratio, 1.879; 95 % CI, .591–5.979; p = .285).

Conclusions

LR results in superior short-term postoperative outcomes without compromising oncological safety and long-term oncological outcomes compared with OR.     

455～470nm波长的面阵蓝光对SD大鼠视网膜组织结构的影响

目的:基于455~470nm面阵蓝光照射SD大鼠,观察大鼠视网膜及脉络膜组织结构变化并分析照射时间与组织结构变化之间的关系。方法:选取6周龄健康SD雄性大鼠24只,随机分为正常对照组(n=6)和实验组(n=18),正常对照组无任何干预正常喂养6wk;实验组分为3个小组,每天分别予面阵蓝光发光器(455~470nm,391Lx)照射3、6、12h,连续照射6wk。光学显微镜下观察组织结构变化。结果:正常对照组的大鼠眼底组织结构完整,细胞形态正常。随蓝光照射时间延长,各实验组大鼠脉络膜纤维结缔组织玻璃样改变,局部疏松水肿,小血管增生,色素层变薄,细胞稀疏,视细胞数逐渐减少,局部消失。3h实验组细胞核染色清晰,双极细胞层及节细胞层未见明确改变。6、12h实验组细胞核固缩,双极细胞层轻度增生,神经节细胞层局部形成胞突。结论:视网膜的光感受器细胞随蓝光照射时间的延长出现明显变薄、萎缩、消失。色素上皮细胞损伤程度与蓝光照射时间无明显关系。     

Preparation of immunomagnetic iron-dextran nanopartides and application in rapid isolation of E.coli O157:H7 from foods

AIM: To prepare a kind of magnetic iron-dextran nanopartides that was coated with anti-E.coli O157:H7 IgG, analyze its application conditions, and try to use it to isolate E.coli O157:H7 from foods. METHODS: Magnetic iron-dextran nanopartides were prepared by the reaction of a mixture of ferric and ferrous ions with dextran polymers under alkaline conditions. The particles were coated with antiserum against E.coli O157: H7 by the periodate oxidation-borohydride reduction procedure. The oxidation time, amount of antibody coating the particles, amount of nanoparticles, incubation time and isolation time were varied to determine their effects on recovery of the organisms. Finally, the optimum conditions for isolating E.coli O157:H7 from food samples were established. RESULTS: E.coli O157:H7 can be isolated from samples within 15 min with the sensitivity of 101 CFU/mL or even less. In the presence of 108 CFU/mL of other organisms, the sensitivity is 101-102 CFU/mL. Nonspecific binding of other bacteria to the particles was not observed. Two and a half hours of enrichment is enough for the particles to detect the target from the food samples inoculated with 1 CFU/g. CONCLUSION: Isolation of target bacteria by immuno magnetic nanoparticles is an efficient method with high sensitivity and specificity. The technique is so simple that it can be operated in lab and field even by untrained personnel.     

PGBR extract ameliorates TNF-α induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes

Pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) could ameliorate metabolic syndrome, however, not much research estimates the effect of PGBR extract on insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of PGBR extract in TNF-α induced insulin resistance. HepG2 cells, hepatocytes, were cultured in DMEM medium and added with 5 μM insulin or with insulin and 30 ng/ml TNF-α or with insulin, TNF-α and PGBR extract (50, 100, 300 μg/ml). The glucose levels of the medium were decreased by insulin, demonstrating insulin promoted glucose uptake into cell. However, TNF-α inhibited glucose uptake into cells treated with insulin. Moreover, insulin increased the protein expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-α (PI3K-α), serine/threonine kinase PI3K-linked protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2), glucokinase (GCK), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and PPAR-γ. TNF-α activated p65 and MAPKs (JNK1/2 and ERK1/2) which worsened the expressions of AMPK, IRS-1, PI3K-α, Akt/PKB, GLUT-2, GCK, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), PPAR-α and PPAR-γ. Once this relationship was established, we added PGBR extract to cell with insulin and TNF-α. We found glucose levels of medium were lowered and that the protein expressions of AMPK, IRS-1, PI3K-α, Akt/PKB, GLUT-2, GCK, GSK-3, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and p65, JNK1/2 were also recovered. In conclusion, this study found that TNF-α inhibited insulin stimulated glucose uptake and aggravated related proteins expressions, suggesting that it might cause insulin resistance. PGBR extract was found to ameliorate this TNF-α induced insulin resistance, suggesting that it might be used in the future to help control insulin resistance.     

Aspirin Enhances the Protective Effect of Progesterone on Trophoblast Cell from Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Objective::Clinically, low-dose aspirin and progesterone are frequently used to prevent pregnancy loss. We investigated the effect of these drugs on the biologi...     

Determination of lansoprazole in human plasma by rapid resolution liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a bioequivalence study on Chinese volunteers

A simple, sensitive and rapid LC/MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of lansoprazole in human plasma. After a simple sample preparation procedure by one-step protein precipitation with acetonitrile, lansoprazole and the internal standard bicalutamide were chromatographed on a Zorbax SB-C₁₈ (3.0 mm × 150 mm, 3.5 μm, Agilent) column with the mobile phase consisted of methanol–water (70:30, v/v, containing 5 mM ammonium formate, pH was adjusted to 7.85 by 1% ammonia solution). Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via negative eletrospray ionization source (ESI⁻). The lower limit of quantification was 5.5 ng/mL, and the assay exhibited a linear range of 5.5–2200.0 ng/mL. The validated method was successfully applied to investigate the bioequivalence between two kinds of preparation (test vs. reference product) in twenty-eight healthy male Chinese volunteers.     

Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on lead-induced oxidative damage

Recent studies have shown that lead (Pb) could disrupt the prooxidant/antioxidant balance of tissue which leads to biochemical and physiological dysfunction. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin polyphenols component, is found to be an effective antioxidant. The present study investigated whether EGCG administration could reverse the changes on redox states in rat hippocampus caused by lead exposure. The association between redox status changes and long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 area of hippocampus were also examined. Wistar rats exposed to lead from postnatal day 1 were followed by 10 days of EGCG (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) administration through intraperitoneally (ip), and the rats were sacrificed for experiments at the age of 21–23 days. The experimental results showed that glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased accompanied with LTP amplitude decrease in CA1 area of hippocampus in the lead-exposed group. EGCG supplementation following lead intoxication resulted in increases in the GSH and SOD levels and increases in the LTP amplitude. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a major lipid peroxidation byproduct, increased following lead exposure and decreased following EGCG treatment. In hippocampal neuron culture model, lead exposure (20 μM) significantly inhibited the viability of neurons which was followed by an accumulation of ROS and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ_m). Treatment by EGCG (10–50 μM) effectively increased cell viability, decreased ROS formation and improved ΔΨ_m in hippocampal neurons exposed to lead. These observations suggest that EGCG is a potential complementary agent in the treatment of chronic lead intoxication through its antioxidative character.