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1.
K. Sasaki H. Gemba 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1986,64(3):603-606
Summary Monkeys were trained to perform hand movements in a reaction time task with discrimination between positive (go) and negative
(no-go) light signals, and field potentials in various cortical areas were recorded and analysed with chronically implanted
cortical electrodes. As previously reported, areas such as the prefrontal, premotor and motor cortices were active in association
with simple visually-initiated, reaction-time hand movements. The caudal part of the dorsal bank of the principal sulcus was
found to be activated specifically on no-go trials during discrimination, and revealed a relatively sharp surface-negative,
depth-positive potential. The potential appeared at a latency of 110–150 ms, which was 150–210 ms earlier than the movement
onset on go trials. With reversal of the go and no-go signals, this potential was found to be recorded only on no-go trials,
irrespective of the colour used for the stimulus. It is suggested that the activity in the dorsal bank of the principal sulcus
is related to the judgement not to execute the movement and/or the suppression of motor execution. 相似文献
2.
Dr. H. Gemba K. Sasaki 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1984,55(1):26-32
Summary A monkey was trained to lift a lever by wrist extension in response to a light stimulus. During the learning process of the task over several months, field potentials related not only to the task performance but also to substitution and stimulation experiments were recorded with chronically implanted electrodes on the surface and at a depth of 2.5–3.0 mm in the prefrontal, premotor, motor and prestriate cortices. In the substitution experiment, an examiner lifted a lever for the monkey so that it was watching the light and rewarded without the hand movement. In the stimulation experiment, the same light stimulus was simply delivered to the monkey. In a naive monkey which lifted the lever independently of the stimulus, stimulus-locked potentials were evoked by the task experiment in those cortices except the motor cortex, but none was elicited by the substitution or stimulation experiment. In a welltrained monkey, the substitution and stimulation experiments induced almost the same potentials as those prior to the task movement in respective cortices except the motor cortex, in which the component of cerebellar-induced premovement potential was not observed during the substitution and stimulation experiments. At an intermediate stage of learning, the situation was intermediate between the naive and well-trained stages and most premovement potentials except those in the motor cortex were elicited by the substitution experiment in reduced sizes, but nothing by the stimulation experiment.The present study suggests that the neuronal circuits for the operantly conditioned movement are functionally organized and gradually consolidated in the learning process, and that the consolidation is made earlier for the circuit involving association and premotor cortices than the circuit including the motor cortex in the process. The circuit to the motor cortex via the cerebro-cerebellar interconnection is recruited only on the execution of movement. 相似文献
3.
Sasaki K. Gemba H. 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1984,56(3):532-538
Summary Electrical activities of the motor and somatosensory cortices preceding visually-initiated hand movements were recorded with electrodes chronically implanted on the surface and at 2.5–3.0 mm depth in the cortex of monkeys, and changes in field potentials in these cortices after cerebellar hemispherectomy were observed for many weeks. As previously reported, a unilateral cerebellar hemispherectomy including the lateral and interpositus nuclei eliminates the cerebellar-mediated superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) responses recorded in the forelimb motor cortex contralateral to the hemispherectomy. These T-C responses normally precede the hand movement, and the operation results in the delay of movement initiation. The electrodes in the forelimb area of the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex showed an enhancement of superficial T-C responses of the somatosensory cortex for 30–40 days after the operation. The enhanced potentials preceded the delayed movement as do the cerebellar-mediated superficial T-C responses of the motor cortex in normal situations. Local cooling of the somatosensory cortex following the cerebellar hemispherectomy disturbed the reaction time movement for a few weeks after the operation. This effect was rarely encountered in normal monkeys. The present study suggests the compensatory motor function of the somatosensory cortex for the dysfunction of the motor cortex in early weeks after cerebellar hemispherectomy.Supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan 相似文献
4.
Hiroshi Konomi Hisae Hori Junjiro Sano Hironobu Sunada Ryu-ichiro Hata Sakuhei Fujiwara Yutaka Nagai 《Pathology international》1981,31(4):601-610
Type specific rabbit antibodies to bovine type I, 11, 111, and IV (basement membrane) collagens showing no cross-reaction with other types of collagen were prepared by cross-adsorption and diethylamiuoethyl-cellulose romatography. The antibodies to bovine type I and I11 collagens showed a high cross-reaction with the corresponding human collagens, but those to type I1 and IV collagens did moderate and no cross-reactions with human type I1 and IV collagens, respectively. By using these antibodies, tissue distribution of various types of collagen in normal bovine lung was examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Both type I and I11 collagens were found to distribute widely in the interstitium of bronchial tree, bronchial
lamina propria and of interlobules as well as alveolar nipples and adventitia of pulmonary arteries. Type I1 collagen was located only in bronchial cartilage. The tissues mainly stained for type 11 collagen were the alveolar interstitium (also stained faintly for type I collagen) and the intima and media of the arteries. Type IV collagen was located in a membranous fashion in alveolar septa and bronchial smooth muscles and subepithelial layers as well as capillaries and the intima and media of arteries. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 31: 601–610, 1981. 相似文献
lamina propria and of interlobules as well as alveolar nipples and adventitia of pulmonary arteries. Type I1 collagen was located only in bronchial cartilage. The tissues mainly stained for type 11 collagen were the alveolar interstitium (also stained faintly for type I collagen) and the intima and media of the arteries. Type IV collagen was located in a membranous fashion in alveolar septa and bronchial smooth muscles and subepithelial layers as well as capillaries and the intima and media of arteries. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 31: 601–610, 1981. 相似文献
5.
Electrical stimulation of the caudoventral part of the anterior cingulate cortex (AC) evokes a species-specific vocalization in the guinea pig. After injections of glutamate receptor antagonists into the periaqueductal gray (PAG) regions where the AC projected, the forebrain-elicited vocalization (FEV) was suppressed completely. This result indicated that the FEV was induced at least partly by glutamatergic activation of PAG neurons. Injection of orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) into the PAG profoundly suppressed the FEV. This inhibitory effect of OFQ/N was not antagonized by naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist. Since OFQ/N was reported to modify the glutamatergic transmission, the present results suggest that OFQ/N exerts influences upon the vocalization by regulating the glutamatergic inputs into the PAG. 相似文献
6.
The effect of the nephrotoxic antineoplastic drug, cisplatin, on mitochondrial calcium uptake was examined in rat kidney cortical mitochondria. We treated rats with cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and prepared and incubated the mitochondria. Uptake of calcium decreased after 24 h. The mitochondria contained platinum even 3 days after injection. Cisplatin (0.5 mM) added to incubation medium inhibited calcium uptake. Platinum accumulated in the mitochondria during incubation. Mitochondria accumulated less of another divalent cation, magnesium, in rats given cisplatin and in incubation medium with cisplatin added. The results suggest that cisplatin taken up into kidney cortical mitochondria inhibited divalent cation uptake there, which may contribute to cisplatin nephrotoxicity. 相似文献
7.
Shigeharu Ohyu Mitsuhiro Tozaki Michiro Sasaki Hisae Chiba Qilin Xiao Yasuko Fujisawa Yoshiaki Sagara 《Magnetic resonance in medical sciences》2022,21(3):485
Purpose: We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the texture features of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI for breast cancer diagnosis in which the discriminator was optimized, so that the specificity was maximized via the restriction of the negative predictive value (NPV) to greater than 98%.Methods: Histologically proven benign and malignant mass lesions of DCE MRI were enrolled retrospectively. Training and testing sets consist of 166 masses (49 benign, 117 malignant) and 50 masses (15 benign, 35 malignant), respectively. Lesions were classified via MRI review by a radiologist into 4 shape types: smooth (S-type, 34 masses in training set and 8 masses in testing set), irregular without rim-enhancement (I-type, 60 in training and 14 in testing), irregular with rim-enhancement (R-type, 56 in training and 22 in testing), and spicula (16 in training and 6 in testing). Spicula were immediately classified as malignant. For the remaining masses, 298 texture features were calculated using a parametric map of DCE MRI in 3D mass regions. Masses were classified into malignant or benign using two thresholds on a feature pair. On the training set, several feature pairs and their thresholds were selected and optimized for each mass shape type to maximize specificity with the restriction of NPV > 98%. NPV and specificity were computed using the testing set by comparison with histopathologic results and averaged on the selected feature pairs.Results: In the training set, 27, 12, and 15 texture feature pairs are selected for S-type, I-type, and R-type masses, respectively, and thresholds are determined. In the testing set, average NPV and specificity using the selected texture features were 99.0% and 45.2%, respectively, compared to the NPV (85.7%) and specificity (40.0%) in visually assessed MRI category-based diagnosis.Conclusion: We, therefore, suggest that the NPV of our texture-based features method described performs similarly to or greater than the NPV of the MRI category-based diagnosis. 相似文献
8.
Zhang Lu Wu Lili Liu Ximing Yoshitomi Hisae Ikeda Katsumi Negishi Hiroko Pan Yajing Sun Wen Qin Lingling Li Juan-E Xu Tunhai Liu Tonghua Gao Ming 《中医杂志(英文版)》2018,38(4):548-555
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether endothelial dysfunction and hypertension are prevented by trans-cinnamaldehyde (tCA) through the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).METHODS
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro and stimulated with tCA to determine cell viability using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The effect of tCA on nitric oxide (NO) production was determined by diaminofluorescein-dyes in the absence or presence of inhibitors of eNOS, AMPK, PKA, and AKT. The effect of tCA on blood pressure was determined by the tail-cuff method in obesity spontaneous hypertension (SHR. Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr) rats. The phosphorylation of eNOS and protein expression of the insulin-signaling pathway (InsR-IRS1-PI3K-AKT) were measured by western blot.RESULTS
tCA at concentrations less than 100 did not affect cell viability in cultured HUVECs. Stimulation with tCA promoted NO release in a time-dependent manner compared with the control group. tCA-treated HUVECs also significantly increased AKT-Ser473 and eNOS- Ser1177 phosphorylation. In SHR-CP rats, treatment with tCA at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks markedly reduced the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, increased the phosphorylation of AKT and eNOS, and increased urinary nitric oxidation.CONCLUSION
tCA attenuated endothelial dysfunction and reduced blood pressure in SHR-CP rats. The underlying mechanisms may involve the increase in AKT and eNOS phosphorylation and the release of eNOS-derived NO. 相似文献9.
10.
Hitoshi Dejima Shigeki Morita Yusuke Takahashi Noriyuki Matsutani Hisae Iinuma Fukuo Kondo Masafumi Kawamura 《International journal of clinical and experimental pathology》2015,8(3):3354-3357
In infants, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is associated with poor clinical outcomes as Langerhans cells invade and damage multiple organs, a presentation that is different from that in adults. Here, we present a case of a 15-year-old female who visited ourclinic complaining of right chest pain and dyspnea. She was diagnosed with right pneumothorax by chest X-ray. Chest computed tomography showed multiple cystic changes in the bilateral lung. Additionally, bullous lesions occupying the upper lobe and multiple white tiny nodules on the surface of the lung were observed by thoracoscopy. These nodules comprised proliferating atypical CD1a/S-100-positive cells invading the pulmonary parenchyma, leading to the diagnosis of LCH. Because of the extensive invasion into the pulmonary parenchyma, chemotherapy was administered. This case of LCH was unique in that the age of onset was atypical and the tumor cells occupied a single organ, despite their malignant behavior. 相似文献