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排序方式: 共有95条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Depression-executive dysfunction syndrome in stroke patients. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Risto Vataja Tarja Pohjasvaara Riitta M?ntyl? Raija Ylikoski Maarit Leskel? Hely Kalska Marja Hietanen Hannu Juhani Aronen Oili Salonen Markku Kaste Antero Lepp?vuori Timo Erkinjuntti 《The American journal of geriatric psychiatry》2005,13(2):99-107
OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that executive dysfunction could be the core defect in patients with geriatric or vascular depression, and that this depression-dysexecutive syndrome (DES) might be related to frontal-subcortical circuit dysfunction. The authors tested this hypothesis in 158 poststroke patients, of whom 21 had both depression and executive dysfunction. Methods: In this cross-sectional cohort study, a neurological, psychiatric, and neuropsychological examination was carried out 3 months after ischemic stroke, and brain infarcts, white-matter changes, and brain atrophy were recorded by MRI. RESULTS: The 21 patients with DES had significantly more brain infarcts affecting their frontal-subcortical circuit structures than the 137 patients without DES, or the 41 patients with depression but without executive dysfunction. Patients with DES also had more severe depressive symptoms and worse psychosocial functioning, and they coped less well in complex activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: DES is a valid concept and may define a subgroup of poststroke patients with frontal-subcortical pathology and with distinct prognosis and treatment options. 相似文献
2.
There have been no previous three-dimensional volumetric studies of regional brain atrophy in patients with pathologically confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Postmortem cortical and subcortical volumes were compared with neuropathology in 9 patients with PSP, 15 patients with Parkinson's disease, 10 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, and 23 controls. Cases with the neuritic pathology of Alzheimer's disease were excluded. The topography of brain atrophy differed according to clinicopathological phenotype. Patients with Parkinson's disease had atrophy confined to the amygdala. Atrophy of the frontal lobe was found in both PSP and dementia with Lewy bodies and correlated with increasing neurofibrillary tangle or Lewy body densities, respectively. Patients with PSP could be differentiated by their marked atrophy of the internal globus pallidus. Further analysis of variance revealed that trends for greater frontal lobe atrophy correlated with clinical dementia in PSP, whereas both greater frontal and hippocampal atrophy and higher densities of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites correlated with clinical dementia in cases with Lewy bodies. The present study provides evidence for selective regional atrophy that correlates with the underlying pathology of PSP and Lewy body disease. 相似文献
3.
M. J. Mattila A. Patat T. Seppälä H. Kalska M.-L. Jalava J. Vanakoski C. Lavanant 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1996,51(2):161-166
Objectives: Amisulpride is a benzamide antipsychotic that binds selectively to dopamine D2- and D3-receptors, preferentially in limbic and hippocampal structures. Since other substituted benzamides have a limited or negligible
interaction with alcohol on human performance, amisulpride was studied for this potential.
Methods:
In a randomised double-blind crossover study, 18 young, non-smoking men took single oral doses of placebo and amisulpride
50 mg and 200 mg, without and with ethanol (0.8 g ⋅kg−1) taken 30 min later. Objective performance tests and self-ratings were done at baseline and 1.5, 3.5 and 6.5 h after drug
intake. Memory (immediate and delayed recall) was tested 2 h after dosing. Breath ethanol and the plasma concentrations of
amisulpride and prolactin were measured. Three-way ANOVA + Newman-Keul tests were used for statistical analyses; interactions
were confirmed by factorial contrast ANOVA.
Results:
Mean blood ethanol was 0.94, 0.62 and 0.26 g ⋅l−1 at the three test times. It produced significant impairment in all performance tests (symbol digit substitution, simulated
driving, body sway, flicker fusion, tapping, nystagmus), reduced both immediate and delayed recall in memory tests, and caused
subjective clumsiness, muzziness and mental slowness, mainly between 1.5 to 4.5 h after dosing. Amisulpride, 50 and 200 mg
elevated plasma prolactin but had minimal or no effect on performance, attention and memory. The decreases in immediate free
recall after the 50 mg dose and in delayed free recall after the 200 mg dose were slight. Amisulpride neither modified blood
ethanol concentrations nor enhanced the detrimental effect of ethanol on skilled and cognitive performance; it slightly antagonised
ethanol in the digit copying test. Ethanol did not modify the effect of amisulpride on plasma prolactin, and the plasma concentrations
of amisulpride were little changed by ethanol.
Conclusions:
Amisulpride in single oral doses of 50 and 200 mg did not interact significantly with the effects of high, moderate or low
concentrations of ethanol on human skilled and cognitive performance. The drugs did interact pharmacokinetically.
Received: 22 December 1995/Accepted in revised form: 1 April 1996 相似文献
4.
Rapeli P Kivisaari R Kähkönen S Puuskari V Autti T Kalska H 《Nordic journal of psychiatry》2005,59(4):293-297
The association between former amphetamine dependence and cognitive performance was studied in a sample of 12 individuals with former amphetamine dependence who had been abstinent for at least 1 year and in 12 age-, gender- and verbal IQ-matched controls. The groups were compared by cognitive tests on attention, memory, executive function and fluid intelligence. Individuals with former amphetamine dependence performed significantly poorer than controls in memory domain. Follow-up analysis of variance showed minor deficits in tests of delayed verbal memory. The results remained essentially the same when participants with current DSM-IV axis I diagnosis were excluded from the analysis. It is concluded that individuals with former amphetamine dependence have normal cognitive function with the possible exception of verbal memory. Thus, if widespread cognitive deficits are found in individuals with former amphetamine dependence, etiologies other than amphetamine abuse as such should be carefully investigated. 相似文献
5.
Primary objective: To analyse time-sharing strategies in patients with cerebral lesions when they performed everyday in-car tasks in real-life highway driving. Research design: A case-control study. Methods and procedures: Thirteen male patients with brain damage and 11 healthy controls participated. The frequency and duration of glances at the in-car tasks, total time of eyes-off the road during tasks, speed and lateral displacement of the car were recorded. Main outcomes and results: Long glances away from the road and consequent large lateral displacements were characteristic for patients with anterior damage, while the patients with more posterior lesions used frequent short glances at the in-car task. Conclusion: Two different time-sharing strategies that appeared to be related to different aetiology were found in the patients, indicating different control of the driving task. It is proposed that standardized on-road dual tasks should be used for detecting problems in allocation of attention during driving. 相似文献
6.
Visual evoked responses and ophthalmological examination in optic neuritis. A follow-up study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ophthalmological examination and visual evoked responses (VERs) were repeated at 6-120 (mean 46) months after the first attack of acute optic neuritis in 80 patients who had abnormal VERs in 98 symptomatic eyes at the initial examination. The wide field VER returned to within the normal range in 19/98 (19%) symptomatic eyes. Fifteen percent of patients had completely normal VERs at follow-up. The yield of VER abnormalities was increased by the use of central field in addition to wide field stimulation. One or more components of the ophthalmological examination were abnormal in 91% of symptomatic eyes at final review. Although the ophthalmological examination was a more sensitive index than the VER of past optic neuritis in symptomatic eyes, the reverse was the case in asymptomatic eyes. 相似文献
7.
Antti Knaapila Hely Tuorila Karri Silventoinen Margaret J. Wright Kirsten O. Kyvik Lynn F. Cherkas Kaisu Keskitalo Jonathan Hansen Nicholas G. Martin Tim D. Spector Jaakko Kaprio Markus Perola 《Chemosensory perception》2008,1(1):34-42
We estimated the genetic and environmental components of variation in perceived intensity and pleasantness of androstenone, an odorous compound showing specific anosmia, by modeling twin data from Finland, Denmark, the UK, and Australia. The pooled data comprised 917 twin individuals (338 are male and 579 are female; aged from 10 to 83years) including 126 complete monozygous and 264 dizygous twin pairs as well as 137 twin individuals without their co-twin. They rated intensity and pleasantness of androstenone and citronellal (control) odors using nine categories. Additive genetic effects (heritability) contributed 28 and 21% to the variation in the perceived intensity and pleasantness of androstenone, respectively, but negligibly to variations in citronellal perception. A strong genetic correlation existed between the intensity and pleasantness of androstenone, whereas the environmental correlation was negligible. These results suggest that both intensity and pleasantness of androstenone are moderately influenced by genetic factors and that the traits are modified by an overlapping set of genes. 相似文献
8.
The association between liking and choices of six cheeses was examined. Particular attention was in hedonic flexibility, i.e. the range of liking ratings, within an individual, leading to a choice. Second, the ability of respondents to predict their future liking and choices was studied. Respondents (62 females, 20-64 years) initially tasted and rated the cheeses blind and then chose three cheeses, 150 g piece of each, for home-use during the following week. They also predicted how their ratings of liking and choices would be next time, after a week. They returned to the laboratory to repeat the tasks twice, with one-week intervals, thus a total of nine choices were made. Expectedly, the association between initial liking and frequencies of choice was strong (aggregate level correlation 0.70). Self-prediction of liking was less successful initially (r=0.56) than in the second session (r=0.68). In the first session, three choices were made within 1.3 points (mean) at the upper end of a 7-point scale, while nine choices were made within 2.7 points of initial ratings. Thus, the choices extended towards the initially less-liked cheeses in the second and third session. Although poor at precise prediction of their choices, the respondents fairly accurately knew which cheeses they would not choose. Hence, an important strategy in food choice may be to screen out unacceptable options and then alternate among the acceptable ones. 相似文献
9.
Maria Helmersen Monica Srensen Mirjam Lukasse Hely Katariina Laine Lisa Garnweidner-Holme 《Scandinavian journal of primary health care》2021,39(1):44
ObjectiveWe aimed to explore how women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) experience advice about diet and self-monitoring of blood glucose received in primary health care (PHC) and secondary health care (SHC) with a focus on how women perceived the care coordination and collaboration between healthcare professionals.Design, setting and subjectsIndividual interviews were conducted with 12 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Six women had immigrant backgrounds, and six were ethnic Norwegian. Women received GDM care in the area of Oslo, Norway. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsWomen described feeling shocked when they were diagnosed with GDM and feeling an immediate need for information about the consequences and management of GDM. Most of the women felt that their general practitioner (GP) had too little knowledge about GDM. Women with an immigrant background felt that the PHC midwives provided them with sufficient dietary advice related to GDM. Ethnic Norwegian women appreciated receiving more individually tailored dietary advice in SHC. Self-monitoring of blood glucose influenced women’s daily lives; however, they perceived the training in PHC and SHC as adequate. The women experienced poor collaboration between healthcare professionals in PHC and SHC, which implied that they sometimes had to initiate follow-up steps in their GDM care by themselves.ConclusionsIdeally, women diagnosed with GDM should meet healthcare professionals with sufficient knowledge about GDM as soon as possible after being diagnosed. The collaboration between healthcare professionals involved in the care of women with GDM should be improved to avoid having women feel that they need to coordinate their own care.
KEY POINTS
- Current awareness
- •The management of gestational diabetes mellitus requires appropriate follow-up by healthcare professionals
- Main statements
- •Pregnant women’s need for information about the consequences and management of gestational diabetes mellitus was highest immediately after diagnosis
- •Women perceived that they received more individually tailored information about diet and self-monitoring of blood glucose in secondary health care compared to primary health care
- •Women felt that general practitioners had insufficient knowledge about gestational diabetes mellitus
- •Based on our results, care coordination and collaboration between healthcare professionals involved in the care of women with gestational diabetes mellitus should be improved
10.
Acute optic neuritis: a prospective study of risk factors for multiple sclerosis. 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
M A Hely P G McManis T J Doran J C Walsh J G McLeod 《Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry》1986,49(10):1125-1130
Eighty two patients with isolated optic neuritis were studied prospectively to determine the frequency with which multiple sclerosis developed and the factors which increased its risk. Patients were followed for 6 to 264 months (mean, 57 months). Twenty six patients (32%) developed clinically definite or probable multiple sclerosis during the period of follow-up. Actuarial analysis predicted that 42% would develop multiple sclerosis by 7 years. Of those patients who developed multiple sclerosis, 92% had symptoms within 4 years of the first attack of optic neuritis. The highest incidence of multiple sclerosis occurred in the 21-40 year age group. There was an increased risk of MS in patients with HLA-DR2 and HLA-B7 tissue types. The frequency of HLA-DR4 was increased in patients with optic neuritis alone compared to controls and to patients with multiple sclerosis, but further studies are required to confirm this finding. 相似文献