不同部位电刺激治疗带状疱疹神经痛的疗效分析

目的:对治疗带状疱疹神经痛(zoster-related neuralgia,ZRN)的短时程背根神经电刺激与脊髓电刺激两种方法的手术时间、放射暴露剂量、疗效及花费进行比较。方法:本文采用回顾性分析方法,对202例在DSA(digital subtraction angiography)引导下使用短时程电刺激治疗的带状疱疹神经痛病人(其中64例采用背根神经电刺激,138例采用脊髓电刺激),记录手术操作时间及每一例手术的辐射剂量,术后病人的程控次数,术前及术后1、2、3月等各时间段病人的疼痛程度,生活质量以及医疗耗材费等信息,并进行分析比较。结果:在3个月的随访期间,所有病人在两种方法治疗后疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PQSI)显著下降,而生活质量(SF-36健康调查简表)评分显著上升(P<0.01),且两种方法之间无统计学差异,然而背根神经电刺激病人的手术时间和术中辐射量明显少于脊髓电刺激组(P<0.05);且术后平均程控次数以及医疗耗材费用也明显少于脊髓电刺激组(P<0.05)。结论:短时程背根神经电刺激和脊髓电刺激都能有效治疗带状疱疹神经痛,但背根神经电刺激具有程控次数少、覆盖好、花费少等优点。     

Synthesis and characterization of CdSxSe1−x alloy quantum dots with composition-dependent band gaps and paramagnetic properties

Ternary CdS_xSe_1−x alloy quantum dots (QDs) and CdS_xSe_1−x/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals exhibiting composition dependent band gaps have been successfully synthesized. The ZnS shell was doped with 0.1% and 5% of paramagnetic manganese ions so as to be used as a fluorescent/paramagnetic bi-functional probe. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) measurements confirmed the presence of Cd, S, and Se in CdS_xSe_1−x nanocrystals with the atomic ratios of Cd, S, and Se which are well consistent with our synthetic ratios. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) indicated that the crystal structures of the CdS_xSe_1−x core QDs and CdS_xSe_1−x/ZnS core/shell QDs were zinc blende phases. Both dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the as-synthesized nanocrystals had a narrow size distribution and high crystallinity. The band gaps of CdS_xSe_1−x nanocrystals were adjustable by varying the ratio of S:Se in the CdS_xSe_1−x core and were in the range of 1.96 eV to 2.32 eV. Hence, when composition x was changed from 0 to 1, the fluorescence color of the nanocrystals varied from red to green. After shell coverage, the ternary alloy QDs exhibited a superior photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield up to 57%. In comparison with the alloy core QDs, the PL emission peaks of the CdS_xSe_1−x/ZnS core/shell QDs displayed a small redshift. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements for manganese-doped CdS_xSe_1−x/ZnS nanocrystals revealed paramagnetic properties for both low and high Mn²⁺ doping levels.

Both the fluorescence intensity and quantum yield of all the nanocrystals are much enhanced after the CdS_xSe_1−x QD cores are coated with a ZnS shell.     

椒目油对豚鼠哮喘模型肥大细胞和类胰蛋白酶的影响

目的:探讨椒目油(ZSO)对豚鼠哮喘模型肺组织中肥大细胞及血浆类胰蛋白酶的影响,为ZSO治疗哮喘提供理论依据. 方法:实验分为4组:对照组,哮喘模型组,地塞米松治疗组和ZSO治疗组. 用卵白蛋白(OVA)腹腔注射致敏和雾化吸入激发建立哮喘豚鼠模型. 镜下观察肺组织肥大细胞数量及脱颗粒现象. 运用UniCAP100全自动体外变应原检测仪测定豚鼠血浆类胰蛋白酶含量. 结果:哮喘模型组豚鼠肺高倍视野肥大细胞数、脱颗粒百分率及血浆类胰蛋白酶含量分别为(14.87±4.67),(42.85±5.99),(119.78±12.50),与对照组(2.38±0.52),(24.91±9.79),(88.78±4.74)相比均升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). ZSO治疗组豚鼠肺高倍视野肥大细胞数、脱颗粒百分率及血浆类胰蛋白酶含量分别为(6.38±1.06),(25.44±8.21),(93.22±6.40),与地塞米松治疗组豚鼠肺高倍视野肥大细胞数、脱颗粒百分率及血浆类胰蛋白酶含量分别为(6.63±1.41),(25.33±6.14),(92.10±7.11),与哮喘模型组相比显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). ZSO与地塞米松两治疗组之间上述指标相比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论:ZSO能有效地减少哮喘豚鼠肺肥大细胞数量,抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒、释放类胰蛋白酶,从而能有效地治疗哮喘.     

《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版收录的中药材与中药制剂的系统分析

对2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》（以下简称《中国药典》）》收录的药材和饮片数量、药材与饮片基原物种数与 入药部位、成方制剂和单方制剂的数量及组成进行统计和分析,结果载入网站（http://itcm.hzau.edu.cn/yd/zgyd.htm）供参考查 询。分析显示：（1）《中国药典》（一部）共收录616种药材与饮片以及47种植物油脂与提取物。616种药材和饮片按其来源 可分为植物类、动物类、矿物质类、微生物类、人工合成或配置原料类、人源制品、兼具动物与植物来源类等。47种植物 油脂与提取物中,46 种为以植物来源制成的药材,剩余 1 种为动物来源,即水牛角浓缩粉。（2）616 种药材和饮片中,有 421 种（占比 73.60%）药材源于单一的基原物种, 96种（占比 16.78%）药材具有 2种基原,40种（占比 6.99%）药材具有 3种基 原,11种（占比1.92%）药材具有4种基原,2种（占比0.35%）药材具有5种基原,2种（占比0.35%）药材具有6种基原。47种植 物油脂与提取物中,有 34种具有单一基原,基原数为 2和 3的植物油脂与提取物各有 5种。（3）《中国药典》（一部）共收录 1 605种成方和单方制剂。除未公布组成的云南白药和云南白药胶囊外,其余1 603种复方制剂和单方制剂一共涉及14 329种 药材。2020年版《中国药典》成方和单方制剂使用频次最多的前20种药材为甘草、当归、茯苓、川芎、黄芩、白芍、黄芪、 陈皮、地黄、白术、丹参、冰片、桔梗、大黄、熟地黄、木香、红花、麦冬、党参以及白芷。结果提示2020年版 《中国药 典》 亦存在药材饮片与处方药材不完全对应、炮制品收录不完整等问题。通过系统分析 《中国药典》 收录中药材的总体信 息及其与处方间的相互关系,可为进一步研究中药材生产与完善处方药材的记录提供参考。     

呼吸道合胞病毒建立哮喘动物模型中气道胆碱能神经的分布

目的:用呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)诱发豚鼠哮喘模型,通过检测气道反应性和气道平滑肌层胆碱能神经分布变化,研究神经机制在哮喘发病中的作用.方法:34只豚鼠随机分为4组:Hep-2滴鼻 生理盐水(NS)雾化(Hep-2/NS)组,RSV滴鼻 NS雾化(RSV/NS)组,Hep-2滴鼻 鸡卵白蛋白(OVA)雾化(Hep-2/OVA)组和RSV滴鼻 OVA雾化(RSV/OVA)组,其中Hep-2/NS组和RSV/NS组动物各9只,Hep-2/OVA和RSV/OVA组动物各8只,以Hep-2/NS组为对照组.电刺激迷走神经法检测气道反应性,计数气管粘膜和粘膜下嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos),行胆碱能神经纤维免疫组化并计数阳性纤维数目.结果:气道内压力(IP):RSV/NS组与Hep-2/NS组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Hep-2/OVA组IP明显高于Hep-2/NS组和RSV/NS组(P均＜0.05),RSV/OVA组IP明显高于Hep-2/OVA组(P＜0.01);Eos:Hep-2/NS组与RSV/NS组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Hep-2/OVA组高于Hep-2/NS组和RSV/NS组(P均＜0.05),RSV/OVA组明显高于Hep-2/OVA组(P＜0.01);平滑肌层有胆碱能阳性纤维分布:RSV/NS组与Hep-2/NS组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Hep-2/OVA组阳性纤维数目明显高于Hep-2/NS组和RSV/NS组(P＜0.01),但RSV/OVA组与Hep-2/OVA组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:①RSV感染可促进OVA引起的豚鼠AHR发生;②OVA可导致气道平滑肌层胆碱能阳性纤维分布增多,但RSV对其增多无明显影响.     

低浓度二氧化硫暴露对大鼠气道感觉神经的影响

目的:探讨低浓度SO2损伤大鼠气道病理变化和对感觉神经轴突反射的影响. 方法:SD雄性大鼠16只,随机分为对照组和SO2组. 对照组暴露于正常空气中. SO2组暴露于1.0 mg/(m3·h)浓度的SO2室内空气中,每日6 h,连续3 d. 第4日采集血清、收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF), 留取肺组织. 分别进行BALF细胞计数,测血清中P物质(SP)的含量,作肺组织病理切片行HE及SP免疫组化染色. 结果:SO2组与对照组比较,BALF中细胞总数明显升高(P＜0.01);血清SP含量显著增加(P＜0.01). 肺组织病理切片HE染色显示SO2组支气管黏膜下有大量炎性细胞浸润;免疫组化染色提示SO2组SP免疫阳性神经纤维数量明显增加(P＜0.01). 结论:SO2是损伤气道的重要病理因素,气道内感觉神经参与了气道损伤病理过程.     

骨髓间充质干细胞对肺损伤大鼠的治疗作用

目的:观察骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对大鼠肺损伤的治疗作用.方法:将SD大鼠MSCs用DAPI标记后注入受体大鼠体内.将受体大鼠分为4组:肺损伤组、MSCs治疗组、MSCs对照组和正常对照组.2 wk后观察肺组织结构、植入细胞的变化,同时检测支气管肺泡灌洗液中层黏连蛋白、透明质酸以及肺组织羟脯氨酸含量的变化.结果:MSCs治疗组大鼠肺组织中可见少量DAPI标记的细胞,其中部分细胞表达广谱细胞角蛋白,肺间质增生减轻;支气管肺泡灌洗液中层黏连蛋白、透明质酸及肺组织羟脯氨酸的含量在肺损伤组均有明显升高(P＜0.01),而在MSCs治疗组均有所下降(P＜0.01).结论:MSCs可在损伤的大鼠肺组织中分化为肺泡上皮细胞,降低支气管肺泡灌洗液中层黏连蛋白、透明质酸及肺组织羟脯氨酸的含量,减轻大鼠肺损伤及纤维化的形成.     

The methods for determining the purity and in vitro or in vivo activity of recombinant human endostatin

In order to establish the methods of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determining the purity of recombinant human endostatin (rhEndostatin) and in vitro or in vivo activity of rhEndostatin, two columns were firstly used in HPLC analysis for determining the purity of rhEndostatin, including Waters Symmetry 300C4 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) and the Superdex75 HR 10/30. Cell lines, bovine capillary endothelial cells (BCEs) or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) expression human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF) were used in method MTT or LDH as substrate, respectively. The bioactivity in vivo was assayed by the anti-tumor proliferation rate in H22 liver tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that the retention time of rhEndostatin sample was stable at 19.066 min or 11.506 min in reverse phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) or gel filtering HPLC (GF-HPLC). The stableness, repeat and recovery rates were over 99% in both methods and there was no statistical difference between these two methods (p > 0.05). In nonserum culture medium, rhEndostatin can sensitively and stably inhibit the proliferation of the HUVEC cells that were transfected with plasmid encoding hVEGF. LDH substrate methods is the most sensitive and stable method. The anti-tumor activity in H22 tumor-bearing mice was also highly repeatable and had an inhibition rate over 50% at 20 mg kg(-1) weight. As a conclusion, the RP-HPLC and GF-HPLC set up in this paper are highly repeatable, accurate and sensitive for detecting the purity of rhEndostatin. The bioactivity of rhEndostatin can be measured through detection the proliferation-inhibition on HUVECs transfectants with hVEGF in vitro or on H22 liver tumor in vivo.     

肺癌组织中p15蛋白的表达意义

目的：分析抑癌基因表达产物Ｐ１５蛋白在肺癌组织中阳性表达情况。方法：采用人Ｐ１５蛋白多克隆抗体以免疫组织化学ＳＡＢＣ染色方法检测肺癌组织病理切片结果：Ｐ１５蛋白阳性表达于部分肺癌组织细胞核或细胞质中,９３例病理切片染色后得出不同类型肺癌组织的阳性表达率：肺鳞癌５２．０％,肺腺癌６０．０％,小细胞肺癌２８．６％,分化程度高的肺鳞癌和肺腺Ｐ１５组织阳性表达率分别高于分化程度低的种肺癌组织。结论抑癌基因