Esthesioneuroblastoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm that arises from olfactory mucosa, often with intracranial extension.A case report of the youngest victim in the literature (2-year-old boy) is presented. 相似文献
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of suicide attempts, and to identify the risk factors for suicide attempts in Turkish children and adolescents between the ages 10 and 20 years. Multi-step, stratified, cluster sampling was used. A stratified sample of 4256 students was selected as representative of the city's school children population. Data was obtained with a pair of structured questionnaires designed to evaluate the presence and risk factors of suicide attempts, both in the children and adolescents and their parents. These questionnaires investigated family environment, subject characteristics, and various risk factors for suicide attempts. Child Beck Depression Inventory (CBDI) was administered to all children and adolescents. After the data quality control process, the study sample was reduced to 4143 children and adolescents. Children and adolescents were divided two groups according to the experience or non-experience of suicide attempts: group 1 (n=80) and group 2 (n=4063), respectively. Three categories of independent variables were assessed: adolescent, family, and socioeconomic characteristics. Logistic regression models were based on the children and adolescents and on parent reports. The prevalence of suicide attempts as reported by the children and adolescents was 1.93% (n=80).The mean age of group 1 was higher than that of group 2 (p=0.002, t=-3.172), as was the mean score of CBDI (p=0.000, t=-9.083). Logistic regression analysis indicated that having problems with parents, using illicit drugs, and psychiatric problems in relatives best predicted suicide attempts in Turkish children and adolescents. 相似文献
The primary objective of this study was to investigate temporal changes in HIV testing rates and quantify the degree to which these trends can be attributed to certain socio-economic characteristics, as well as exposure to information sources.
Subjects and methods
Data from a nationally representative sample of 30,020 sexually active black Africans who participated in the first, second, third and fourth South African National HIV, Behaviour and Health Surveys conducted in 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2012, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models and population-attributable risks were calculated for the socio-economic characteristics and the information sources.
Results
The socio-economic characteristics of the survey participants remained stable over time, while HIV testing rates increased substantially from 20% in 2002 to 70% in 2012. However, there was little improvement in condom use rates. Combined impact of education, employment and geographical locations were associated with increased levels of HIV testing rates. Most of the survey participants (> 80%) were exposed to several mass-media and interpersonal information sources. The combined impact of mass-media tools on HIV testing rates ranged between 48 and 60%, while 40–50% of the HIV tests were collectively attributed to the interpersonal information sources.
Conclusion
We observed significant temporal changes in population-level impacts of several key socio-economic characteristics and information sources on HIV testing rates. Widespread nationwide HIV awareness efforts led to significant increases in access to testing facilities and substantial increases in HIV testing rates over time. However, this increase was not mirrored in condom use behaviour.
We present a rare case of a placental teratoma found within the fetal membranes of an otherwise normal placenta. Lack of a recognizable umbilical cord and no recognizable skeletal development are used as differential diagnostic criteria for a placental teratoma. In our case, an umbilical cord was absent; nevertheless, the tumor contained two vascular channels covered only by fetal membranes without Wharton's jelly. 相似文献