Esthesioneuroblastoma in a young child. Case report

Esthesioneuroblastoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm that arises from olfactory mucosa, often with intracranial extension.A case report of the youngest victim in the literature (2-year-old boy) is presented.     

利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的　评价利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和副作用。方法　将 5 9例精神分裂症住院病人随机分为利培酮 ( 4 mg/d)1组 ( 1 9例 )、利培酮 ( 6 mg/d) 2组 ( 2 0例 )和氯丙嗪组 ( 2 0例 ) ,治疗 8周。用阳性与阴性症状量表 ( PANSS)评定疗效 ,用副反应量表 ( BPRS)及锥体外系副反应量表 ( TESS)评定副反应。结果　利培酮两个剂量组与氯丙嗪组之间疗效无显著性差异。在认知因子、阴性因子、PANSS总分减分率方面 ,利培酮组与氯丙嗪组有显著性差异。利培酮的副反应有锥体外系反应、失眠、头昏等。结论　利培酮是一种安全有效的抗精神病药物 ,在改善认知功能和阴性症状方面 ,利培酮优于氯丙嗪 ,少数病例可出现锥体外系反应。     

Suicide attempts and risk factors among children and adolescents

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of suicide attempts, and to identify the risk factors for suicide attempts in Turkish children and adolescents between the ages 10 and 20 years. Multi-step, stratified, cluster sampling was used. A stratified sample of 4256 students was selected as representative of the city's school children population. Data was obtained with a pair of structured questionnaires designed to evaluate the presence and risk factors of suicide attempts, both in the children and adolescents and their parents. These questionnaires investigated family environment, subject characteristics, and various risk factors for suicide attempts. Child Beck Depression Inventory (CBDI) was administered to all children and adolescents. After the data quality control process, the study sample was reduced to 4143 children and adolescents. Children and adolescents were divided two groups according to the experience or non-experience of suicide attempts: group 1 (n=80) and group 2 (n=4063), respectively. Three categories of independent variables were assessed: adolescent, family, and socioeconomic characteristics. Logistic regression models were based on the children and adolescents and on parent reports. The prevalence of suicide attempts as reported by the children and adolescents was 1.93% (n=80).The mean age of group 1 was higher than that of group 2 (p=0.002, t=-3.172), as was the mean score of CBDI (p=0.000, t=-9.083). Logistic regression analysis indicated that having problems with parents, using illicit drugs, and psychiatric problems in relatives best predicted suicide attempts in Turkish children and adolescents.     

Temporal trends in correlates of HIV testing uptake in South Africa: evaluation and population-level impacts of socio-economic factors and information sources

Aim

The primary objective of this study was to investigate temporal changes in HIV testing rates and quantify the degree to which these trends can be attributed to certain socio-economic characteristics, as well as exposure to information sources.

Subjects and methods

Data from a nationally representative sample of 30,020 sexually active black Africans who participated in the first, second, third and fourth South African National HIV, Behaviour and Health Surveys conducted in 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2012, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models and population-attributable risks were calculated for the socio-economic characteristics and the information sources.

Results

The socio-economic characteristics of the survey participants remained stable over time, while HIV testing rates increased substantially from 20% in 2002 to 70% in 2012. However, there was little improvement in condom use rates. Combined impact of education, employment and geographical locations were associated with increased levels of HIV testing rates. Most of the survey participants (> 80%) were exposed to several mass-media and interpersonal information sources. The combined impact of mass-media tools on HIV testing rates ranged between 48 and 60%, while 40–50% of the HIV tests were collectively attributed to the interpersonal information sources.

Conclusion

We observed significant temporal changes in population-level impacts of several key socio-economic characteristics and information sources on HIV testing rates. Widespread nationwide HIV awareness efforts led to significant increases in access to testing facilities and substantial increases in HIV testing rates over time. However, this increase was not mirrored in condom use behaviour.

     

Gardner综合征之软组织肿瘤的追踪观察与研究

目的：分析研究Gardner综合征一家系12例患者的软组织肿瘤的自然演变过程与结肠息肉癌变之间的关系。方法：自1989年3月至1998年10月对一家系12例Gardner综合征患者进行了长期追踪观察，采用人体体表摄影，X线平片照像，消化道气钡双对比造影，纤维结肠镜及手术切除，10年中每年观察1-2次，重点患者2次以上。结果：12例均患有软组织肿瘤。活检证实；硬纤维瘤4例。皮脂腺囊肿2例。脂肪瘤2例。神经纤维瘤2例。混合性肿瘤2例。在结肠息肉癌变的5例患者中软组织肿瘤均有不同程度的变化。表现为突然增大，增多，表面发生溃破等。结论：软组织肿瘤的突然增大增多与结肠息肉癌变有密切关系。     

Placental teratoma: A case report

We present a rare case of a placental teratoma found within the fetal membranes of an otherwise normal placenta. Lack of a recognizable umbilical cord and no recognizable skeletal development are used as differential diagnostic criteria for a placental teratoma. In our case, an umbilical cord was absent; nevertheless, the tumor contained two vascular channels covered only by fetal membranes without Wharton's jelly.     

脑功能成像技术在针灸治疗肠易激综合征中的应用

肠易激综合征(IBS)是一种慢性功能性肠病并常伴有焦虑、抑郁等心理障碍,其发病率高、症状易反复,严重影响患者的生活和工作。针灸治疗IBS的临床疗效肯定,但其作用机制尚不明确。随着神经影像学技术的发展,越来越多的学者应用该技术研究IBS患者脑功能活动的变化,发现IBS多个脑区活动存在异常,如脑岛、前扣带回、前额叶等与IBS内脏感觉与情绪调节密切相关的脑区,而针灸治疗对相应脑区的功能活动具有一定的调节作用,这可能为我们了解针灸治疗IBS的作用机制提供了客观的依据。因此,本文就应用脑功能成像技术在针灸治疗对IBS脑功能活动的影响及其可能的作用机制作一综述。     

隔药灸对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠NF-κB 和STAT3 活性的免疫调节机制

目的：观察隔药灸改善UC大鼠结肠炎症的效应,通过NF-κB通路和STAT3磷酸化参与免疫调节的作用机制。方法：将大鼠随机分成正常组、UC组和隔药灸组,每组8只。采用4% DSS诱导UC的大鼠模型,造模成功后采用隔药灸大鼠双侧天枢穴,每穴灸2壮艾炷,每天1次,共7次。通过比较组织病理学、血清学促炎症因子的蛋白浓度观察隔药灸干预UC大鼠的效应。采用Western Blot检测结肠组织NF-κB通路及STAT3活性探讨隔药灸改善UC大鼠结肠炎症反应的潜在机制。结果：UC组大鼠结肠组织病理学提示黏膜上皮表面溃疡形成,炎症反应明显,隔药灸能修复结肠上皮损伤,减轻UC大鼠结肠组织的炎症反应。与正常组比较,UC组大鼠血清IL-1β和IL-6蛋白浓度显著升高（P < 0.05,P < 0.01）,p-STAT3磷酸化水平显著增加,pIκB-α和NF-κB p65蛋白表达均显著增加,IκB-α蛋白表达显著降低;与UC组比较,隔药灸组大鼠血清IL-1β和IL-6蛋白浓度显著降低（P < 0.05）,结肠组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达和pIκB-α磷酸化水平均降低,IκB-α蛋白表达增加。结论：隔药灸可能通过抑制NF-κB通路和STAT3磷酸化,减少了促炎症因子IL-1β和IL-6的释放,从而减轻了UC大鼠的结肠炎症反应。