全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1899篇 |
免费 | 126篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 67篇 |
儿科学 | 45篇 |
妇产科学 | 72篇 |
基础医学 | 206篇 |
口腔科学 | 63篇 |
临床医学 | 181篇 |
内科学 | 332篇 |
皮肤病学 | 34篇 |
神经病学 | 118篇 |
特种医学 | 63篇 |
外科学 | 259篇 |
综合类 | 44篇 |
预防医学 | 148篇 |
眼科学 | 67篇 |
药学 | 197篇 |
中国医学 | 40篇 |
肿瘤学 | 102篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 78篇 |
2021年 | 98篇 |
2020年 | 74篇 |
2019年 | 86篇 |
2018年 | 100篇 |
2017年 | 81篇 |
2016年 | 67篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 86篇 |
2013年 | 99篇 |
2012年 | 150篇 |
2011年 | 136篇 |
2010年 | 73篇 |
2009年 | 56篇 |
2008年 | 114篇 |
2007年 | 79篇 |
2006年 | 87篇 |
2005年 | 65篇 |
2004年 | 60篇 |
2003年 | 51篇 |
2002年 | 52篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1928年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2038条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Gholamreza Azizi Sanaz Afraei Reza Sedaghat Mir Hadi Seyedzadeh 《Food and Agricultural Immunology》2015,26(6):782-793
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model for multiple sclerosis (MS), in which an inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage occurs. Kombucha tea is a fermented beverage made from kombucha mushroom, brewed tea, and sugar. In recent years kombucha tea has attracted interest due to its pharmacological properties like antioxidant effects. The aim of the present research was to test the therapeutic effect of kombucha tea in EAE. We induced EAE model in 18 female C57BL/6 mice by inoculation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-35-55 (MOG35-55) in complete Freund’s adjuvant emulsion. Then, in order to ameliorate EAE symptoms, we used kombucha tea. During the course of study clinical evaluation was assessed, and on the day 21 post-immunization, for evaluation of nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidants capacity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), blood samples were taken from the heart of mice. The mice were sacrificed and brains and cerebellums of mice were removed for histological analysis. Our findings demonstrated that kombucha tea had beneficial effects on EAE by lower incidence, attenuation in the severity, and also a delay in the onset of disease. Histological analysis showed that inflammatory criteria including the number of infiltrated immune cells and plaques as well as demyelination in kombucha tea dosed mice were significantly lower than the control group. Also, in comparison with control mice, the serum levels of NO and TNF-α in kombucha tea-treated mice were significantly decreased. Kombucha tea with its potential therapeutic effects and immunomodulatory properties might be proposed, after additional necessary tests and trials, for treatment of MS. 相似文献
3.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare tumour of the thyroid gland. A case of an elderly lady who was diagnosed to have primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is presented and the role of radiotherapy is discussed. 相似文献
4.
S Prescott M A Hadi R A Elton A W Ritchie G C Foubister J C Gould T B Hargreave 《British journal of urology》1990,66(5):509-514
Two different regimens of cephalosporin antibiotic prophylaxis were compared with antiseptic lubricating jelly to try to prevent infection and complications in 196 men after prostatic surgery. Pre-operative urine was cultured and prostatic chips (170 cases) were also cultured to define the source of any infection. The use of antibiotics was associated with a reduced risk of postoperative bacteriuria. No serious complications occurred, although 1 patient in the antiseptic treated group developed rigors; 79 of 170 patients (46%) had positive prostatic chip cultures, of whom 74 had sterile pre-operative urine. There was no association between the result of chip culture and the presence of a pre-operative catheter. Culture positive patients had an increased risk of post-operative urine infection, although the same organism was found in the prostate and urine in only 36% of cases of post-operative bacteriuria and in 43 (54%) the organism cultured from the prostate was Staphylococcus albus. This study provides further evidence of the benefit of true prophylactic antibiotic therapy for transurethral prostatic surgery and the prostatic chip data suggest that some of the risk is due to pre-operative contamination of the prostate in the absence of per-operative urinary infection or catheterisation. 相似文献
5.
I S Mashini L D Devoe J S McKenzie H A Hadi D M Sherline 《Obstetrics and gynecology》1987,69(1):74-78
Intermittent nipple stimulation has been proposed as a substitute for exogenous oxytocin infusion in the performance of contraction stress tests. To compare the uterine activity produced by these two methods, we studied a group of 45 term pregnant women undergoing indicated inductions of labor. Twenty-five patients had nipple stimulation and 20 patients received oxytocin infusions according to a study protocol. The two groups were similar in all obstetric parameters. Pre- and posttest uterine activity was measured by internal tocodynamometry and quantified in Montevideo units. A significant increase in uterine activity occurred in both groups (P less than .01). Regular uterine activity (three contractions in ten minutes) was achieved more rapidly (P less than .005), but at a lower level (P less than .001) in the nipple stimulation group. Pre- and posttest tonus did not change significantly in either group. In the nipple stimulation group, five patients (20%) did not achieve adequate contraction patterns after 15 stimulation-rest cycles (a total of 110 minutes) and three subjects (12%) experienced uterine hyperstimulation. These observations suggest that exogenous oxytocin and intermittent nipple stimulation may not have equivalent effects on uterine contractility. Therefore, it may not be justified to substitute one technique for the other or to use the same criteria for interpretation of contraction stress tests produced by both techniques. 相似文献
6.
The activities of several flavonoids and the related nonflavonoid compound epicatechin were compared with respect to Cu(II)-induced strand scission of DNA by using two different assays. The same series of compounds was used to study the stoichiometry of Cu(II) reduction in the absence of DNA. The compounds were compared for their ability to generate superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and the Cu(II)-dependent production of hydroxyl radicals. Flavonoids were examined to assess the production of a charge-transfer complex with Cu and the rate of decay of the complexes were compared. All the compounds tested had some ability to cause DNA strand scission in the presence of Cu(II), with myricetin being the most active and galangin the least active. The ability to cause such scission correlated with the rate of decay of the charge-transfer complex, the ability to generate active oxygen species and with the stoichiometry of Cu(II) binding. Analysis of the data in the light of the structural differences between the flavonoids led to a discussion of alternative Cu(II)-sequestering mechanisms. 相似文献
7.
R. B. Gore E. A. Hadi M. Craven F. I. Smillie T. J. O'Meara† E. R. Tovey† A. Woodcock A. Custovic 《Clinical and experimental allergy》2002,32(6):856-859
BACKGROUND: Assessment of personal exposure to dust mite allergen has relied on proxy measures. Only recently has a means to directly measure inhaled allergen particle number become available (the intra-nasal air sampler). OBJECTIVE: To quantify inspired dust mite group 1 and group 2 allergen-bearing particles in bed in undisturbed conditions prior to sleep by nasal air sampling and to investigate the relationship between inhaled particles and reservoir allergen levels. METHODS: Twelve volunteers wore nasal samplers in bed for 6 evenings, nose-breathing in undisturbed conditions. Allergen-bearing particles ('halos') were detected by immunostaining for Der p 1, Der p 2, or Der p 1 and Der p 2 together, and counted by light microscopy. Count data were square root transformed for analysis of variance. Mattress dust samples were assayed for Der p 1 and Der p 2 concentrations. RESULTS: Square root detransformed mean particle counts per 30-min sample were: Der p 1, 4.22; Der p 2, 5.9; Der p 1 + Der p 2, 4.87; and for all samples, 5.01, with no difference between the groups. With replicate samples, halo number correlated significantly with mattress allergen concentrations (Der p 1 r = 0.80, P < 0.01; Der p 2 r = 0.68, P < 0.02). CONCLUSION: Nasal air sampling can be used to quantify nocturnal Der p exposure in undisturbed conditions in an area with moderate exposure to mite allergen and can provide a direct measure of inhaled mite allergen. The choice of either Der p 1 or Der p 2 is appropriate for this purpose. 相似文献
8.
9.
Low dose exposure to sodium arsenite synergistically interacts with UV radiation to induce mutations and alter DNA repair in human cells 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Inorganic arsenic is a known human carcinogen, yet its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Epidemiological data suggest that arsenic exposure interacts with UV radiation exposure to increase the risk of skin cancer. Studies have suggested that arsenic is able to impair DNA repair enzymes and alter the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. Here we have tested the hypothesis that arsenite [As(III)] and UV interact synergistically to enhance mutagenesis. TK6 human lymphoblastoid cells that are functionally heterozygous at the thymidine kinase (TK) locus were pre-exposed to As(III) alone and in combination with UV. Our data suggest that As(III) is mutagenic only at high doses at the TK locus. As(III) enhanced UV mutagenesis in a more than additive fashion. To investigate the mechanism underlying this synergy we assessed the removal of UV-induced dimers in TK6 cells using the T4 endonuclease-incorporated Comet assay. Pre-treatment with As(III) specifically inhibited the repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimer-related DNA damage. Taken together, these data suggest that pre-treatment of human cells with arsenic impairs the nucleotide excision repair pathway and leads to enhanced UV mutagenesis. 相似文献
10.
Following denervation of adult muscle, levels of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) increase; normal, low levels are restored only after muscle reinnervation. After neonatal denervation, we found a large initial increase in AChR levels during the first days postsurgery, as in adult denervated muscle. However, 1 week after denervation, total AChR levels decreased in the absence of any sign of reinnervation. By 3 weeks after surgery, near-normal levels of AChR were restored and extrajunctional AChR had disappeared. Thus, in sharp contrast to adult muscle, in young denervated muscle a down-regulation of AChR occurs without recovery of innervation and normal muscle contractile activity. These results suggest that different mechanisms regulate the levels of AChR in developing and adult skeletal muscle. 相似文献